Violation of fire laws and regulations may cause fire or increase fire hazards, which may lead to serious fire accident consequences and serious social impact.
Two. The contents of this standard are as follows:
Published on 2006- 10-25
Implementation situation
Issued by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China
Preface to the catalogue. II. Introduction. III 1 range. 12 normative reference document. 13 terms and definitions. 14 general principles. 25. Direct judgment of major fire hazards. 36. Comprehensive judgment of major fire hazards. 36+0 comprehensive judgment factor .36438.000000000606 General layout: 36. 1.2 fire prevention distance: 36. 1.3 safe evacuation and fire fighting and rescue: 46. 1.4 fire water supply and fire fighting facilities: 46./kloc-.
order
4.2, 4.3 and 4.6 of this standard are mandatory provisions, and the rest are recommended provisions.
This standard was put forward by the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Technical Committee 9 of National Fire Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 1 13/SC9).
The main drafting units of this standard: No.1 Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security and tianjin fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security.
The main drafters of this standard are: Liu Jiyang, Kan Qiang, Wu Dan, Wu, Wang Wei, Yin, Huang Zhenxing, Zhuang, Zhan, Ding Bo, Gui Xiaoping, Lijun Wei, Xu Haoliang and Ni Zhaopeng.
Determination method of major fire hazards
range
This standard specifies the principles and methods for judging major fire hazards.
This standard is applicable to the identification of major fire hazards in industrial and civil buildings (including civil air defense projects) and related places due to violation or non-compliance with fire laws and regulations.
Normative citation document
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard by reference. All subsequent modifications (excluding errata) or revisions of dated reference documents are not applicable to this standard. However, parties who have reached an agreement according to this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this standard.
GB/T 5907 Basic fire terminology Part 1
GB 12268 List of Dangerous Goods
GB 13690 Classification and marking of commonly used hazardous chemicals
GB/T 14 107 basic fire-fighting terms part ii
Code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings
Code for fire protection design of garages, garages and parking lots.
GB 50074 Code for Design of Oil Depot
Code for design of automatic sprinkler system (GB 50084)
GB 50 1 16 Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System
GB 50 156 Code for Design and Construction of Automobile Filling Stations
GB 50 157 Code for Design of Subway
GB 50222 Code for Fire Protection Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings
GBJ 16 code for fire protection design of buildings
Terms and definitions
GB/T 5907，GB 12268，GB 13690，GB/T 14 107，GB 50045，GB 50067，GB 50074，GB 50084，GB 50 165448。
3. 1
Major fire hazard, major fire hazard
Violation of fire laws and regulations may cause fire or increase fire hazards, which may lead to serious fire accident consequences and serious social impact.
3.2
Public places of entertainment
Indoor places with cultural entertainment, fitness and leisure functions and open to the public. Including theaters, video halls, auditoriums and other performance screening places, dance halls, karaoke halls and other song and dance entertainment places, nightclubs, music cafes, bars, restaurants with entertainment functions, entertainment places, bowling alleys, roller skating rinks, saunas and other entertainment, fitness and leisure places and Internet service business places.
3.3
Occupancy rate of assembly in crowded places
An indoor place where people gather. Such as: hotels, restaurants and other hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, markets, supermarkets and other shops, stadiums, public exhibition halls, museum exhibition halls, financial and securities trading places, public entertainment places, hospital outpatient buildings, ward buildings, elderly buildings, nurseries, kindergartens, school teaching buildings, libraries and dormitories, public library reading rooms and so on.
3.4
Flammable places &; Explosive chemical material
Places where inflammable and explosive chemicals are produced, stored and operated include factories, warehouses, storage tanks (districts), professional shops, special stations and docks, flammable gas storage stations, filling stations, pressure regulating stations, supply stations, gas stations, etc.
3.5
Raise the fire truck operation area of the ladder truck.
The operation site near the building is used for lifting the parking of fire engines and implementing fire fighting and rescue.
3.6
Important place
Places where fires may cause significant social impacts and economic losses. Such as: state organs, urban water supply, power supply, gas supply and heating dispatching centers, radio and television, post and telecommunications buildings, power plants (stations), provincial and above museums, archives and cultural relics protection units, key building facilities in important scientific research units, urban subways, etc.
general rule
The method of direct judgment or comprehensive judgment should be selected according to the actual situation and implemented according to the judgment procedures and steps.
Those that meet any one of the elements in Chapter V and fail to meet the requirements in 4.5 are directly judged as major fire hazards.
If any of the elements in Chapter 5 and 4.5 are not met, the comprehensive judgment shall be made according to 6.3 according to the site type and the comprehensive judgment elements of major fire risk. In case of one of the situations listed in 6.2, it should be comprehensively judged as a major fire hazard.
The property losses that may be caused by fire shall be comprehensively analyzed and evaluated according to the type of place, the specific situation of major fire hazards, the area where fire may occur and the value of goods.
In any of the following circumstances, it cannot be judged as a major fire hazard:
A) It can be corrected immediately;
B) Caused by the revision of national standards (unless it is clearly stipulated by laws and regulations);
C) Conduct fire control technical demonstration for major fire hazards according to law, and take corresponding technical measures;
D) The occurrence of fire is not enough to cause serious fire accident consequences or serious social impact.
Procedures for judging major fire hazards:
A) Conduct on-site inspection and verification to obtain relevant images and written materials;
B) Organize collective discussion and evaluation, with no less than 3 participants;
C) For technical problems involving complex issues, it is difficult to determine major fire hazards according to this standard, public security fire control institutions shall organize experts to set up expert groups for technical demonstration. The expert group is composed of relevant industry leaders, regulatory authorities and relevant fire-fighting technical experts of the local government, with no less than 7 people;
D) In the process of collective discussion or expert technical demonstration, building owners, managers, users and other interested parties may participate in the discussion, but they may not enter the expert group;
E) Collective discussion or expert technical demonstration shall form conclusive opinions as the basis for judging major fire hazards. Concluding opinions judged as major fire hazards shall be agreed by more than 2/3 experts;
F) Reasonable and feasible rectification measures and time limit shall be put forward in collective discussion and expert technical demonstration.
Direct determination of major fire hazards
The following main fire hazards can be directly identified:
(1) Factories, warehouses, special stations, docks and storage tanks that produce, store and load and unload inflammable and explosive chemicals are not located on the edge of cities or in relatively independent safety zones;
B) Class A and Class B workshops are located in the underground and semi-basement of the building;
C) A and B workshops, warehouses or C workshops are mixed with crowded places, houses or dormitories in the same building;
D) The layout form and quantity of the safety exits and stairwells in public entertainment places, shops and underground crowded places are not in conformity with the regulations;
E) hotels, public places of entertainment, shops and underground crowded places are not equipped with automatic sprinkler systems or automatic fire alarm systems as required;
F) Flammable, flammable liquid and flammable gas storage tanks (areas) are not equipped with fixed fire fighting and cooling facilities as required.
Comprehensive judgment of major fire hazards
Comprehensive judgment elements
6. 1. 1 general layout
Failing to set the fire lane as required or the fire lane is blocked or occupied.
The existing fire separation between buildings has been occupied.
The reserves of LPG filling stations and filling stations in urban built-up areas meet or exceed the requirements of GB50 156 for first-class stations.
Class C workshop or class C warehouse and dormitory are mixed in the same building.
When nurseries, kindergartens, children's rooms, children's playrooms and other places for children's activities, houses for the elderly, inpatient departments of hospitals, sanatoriums and other buildings are built together, the floor position does not meet the requirements.
Set up business activities in the passenger evacuation area, platform and evacuation passage of underground stations.
6. 1.2 fire spacing
6. 1.2. 1 changed the original fire zone without authorization, resulting in the fire zone area exceeding 50%.
6. 1.2.2 The number of damaged fire separation facilities such as fire doors and fire shutters exceeds 50% of the number of fire separation facilities in fire zones.
6. 1.2.3 fire and explosion prevention measures are not taken in the parts with fire and explosion danger in class C, D and E factories, or these measures cannot meet the requirements of preventing fire spread.
6. 1.3 Safe evacuation and fire fighting and rescue
6. 1.3.65438+
6. 1.3.2 The number of building safety exits does not meet the requirements or is blocked.
6. 1.3.3 Independent safety exits and evacuation stairs should be set as required, but they are not.
6. 1.3.4 The evacuation distance of the business hall in the store exceeds 25% of the specified distance.
6. 1.3.5 high-rise buildings and underground buildings are not equipped with evacuation signs and emergency lighting as required, or the damage rate exceeds 30%; Other buildings are not equipped with evacuation signs and emergency lighting as required, or the damage rate exceeds 50%.
6. 1.3.6 The damage rate of closed stairwells and smoke-proof stairwells in high-rise buildings in crowded places exceeds 20%, and the damage rate of closed stairwells and smoke-proof stairwells in other buildings exceeds 50%.
6. 1.3.7 The burning performance of the decoration materials for evacuation walkways, stairwells and forerooms in civil buildings is lower than that of B 1.
6. 1.3.8 The evacuation walkways, stairwells, evacuation doors or safety exits in crowded places shall be provided with fences and rolling doors.
6. 1.3.9 In places other than those specified in 5.4, the form and quantity of emergency exits and stairwells are not in conformity with the regulations.
6. 1.3. 10 The external windows of buildings in crowded places are blocked or blocked by billboards, which affects escape and fire fighting and rescue.
6. 1.3. 1 1 The elevated fire truck working site in the high-rise building is occupied, which affects the fire fighting and rescue operations.
6. 1.3. 12 The fire elevators in high-rise civil buildings can't operate normally.
6. 1.4 Fire water supply and fire extinguishing facilities
6. 1.4. 1 failing to set the fire water source as required.
6. 1.4.2 outdoor fire water supply facilities are not set as required, or they are set but cannot be used normally.
6. 1.4.3 The indoor fire hydrant system is not set as required, or it is set but cannot be used normally.
6. 1.4.4 The automatic sprinkler system is not set up in other places except as specified in 5.5.
6. 1.4.5 Failing to set other fixed fire extinguishing facilities except automatic sprinkler system as required.
6. The automatic sprinkler system or other fixed fire extinguishing facilities set in1.4.6 cannot be used or operated normally.
6. 1.5 smoke control facilities
Smoke control facilities are not set in crowded places according to regulations, or they are set but cannot be used or operated normally.
6. 1.6 fire power supply
6. 1.6. 1 The special power supply line is not used for the fire-fighting electrical equipment as required.
6. 1.6.2 The automatic switching device at the end of fire-fighting electrical equipment is not set as required, or it is set but cannot work normally.
6. 1.7 automatic fire alarm system
6. 1.7. 1 Except as specified in 5.5, there is no automatic fire alarm system in other places.
6. 1.7.2 The automatic fire alarm system is in a fault state and cannot resume normal operation.
6. 1.7.3 Automatic fire fighting facilities cannot be controlled normally.
6. 1.8 others
6. 1.8. 1 Directly laying electrical lines or installing electrical equipment on combustible materials or combustible components in violation of regulations.
6. 1.8.2 lightning protection and anti-static facilities are not set in inflammable and explosive chemicals places, or the lightning protection and anti-static facilities are invalid.
6. 1.8.3 Flammable and explosive chemicals or places with dust explosion danger are not equipped with explosion-proof electrical equipment as required, or the explosion-proof electrical equipment fails.
6. 1.8.4 Use combustible materials for decoration in public places in violation of regulations.
6.2 Comprehensive judgment rules
6.2. 1 There are more than two crowded places (including this number, the same below). 6.1.3.1~ 6.1.3.9 and 6. 1.5 and 6./kloc-.
6.2.2 Flammable and explosive chemicals contain two or more elements specified in 6.1~ 6.1.4, 6. 1.4.5, 6. 1.4.6.
6.2.3 There are more than 3 arbitrary elements specified in 6. 1 in crowded places, inflammable and explosive chemicals places and important places.
6.2.4 There are more than four arbitrary elements specified in 6. 1 elsewhere.
6.3 Comprehensive judgment steps
6.3. 1 Determine the category of buildings or places.
6.3.2 Determine whether the building or place has the elements specified in 6. 1 and their quantity.
6.3.3 Comprehensive judgment of major fire hazards shall be made according to the provisions of 4.6 and 6.2.
6.3.4 Check and verify according to 4.5.
refer to
[1] People's Republic of China (PRC) Fire Protection Law
[2] Order No.39 of the Ministry of Public Security "Regulations on Fire Safety Management in Public Entertainment Places"
[3] Decree No.6 1 Regulations on Fire Safety Management of Organs, Organizations, Enterprises and Institutions of the Ministry of Public Security
[4] Decree No.73 of the Ministry of Public Security provides for fire supervision and inspection.
[5] GB 50028-93 Code for Design of Town Gas
[6] GB 50058-92 Code for Design of Electrical Installations in Explosive and Fire Dangerous Environments
[7] GB 50098-98 Code for Fire Protection Design of Civil Air Defense Engineering
[8] GB 50 160-92 Code for Fire Protection Design of Petrochemical Enterprises.
[9] Gong Tong ZiNo. 199682 Regulations on Fire Statistics Management