Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the basis of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerosis, as its name implies, is a hard object attached to the inner wall of the artery that looks like thick porridge. These lumps can block blood vessels and lead to poor blood flow. Atherosclerosis is caused by blood pollution and increased blood viscosity, which leads to an increase in blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) and a large amount of lipids deposited in blood vessels. These substances are deposited on the wall of blood vessels, which narrows the lumen of blood vessels and thickens the wall of blood vessels, eventually forming atherosclerotic plaques.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are characterized by high prevalence, high disability and high mortality. If active preventive and therapeutic measures are not taken, the life expectancy of patients will be reduced by 20 to 30 years. The key to avoid high cholesterol, high blood viscosity and high triglyceride and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases lies in changing unhealthy lifestyle and unreasonable dietary structure. In this regard, we should follow the Victorian Health Declaration: reasonable diet, proper exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance.
Primary prevention
The object of intervention is usually those who are not suffering from coronary heart disease, cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism, but have risk factors to prevent the first incident.
Vulnerable groups (1 1 species)
Some people in the family have had it, such as long-term smoking, long-term drinking, often eating salty food, often eating greasy food, often eating junk food with high calorie and fat, lack of physical exercise, obesity, concentration, intense work, fast pace of life, great pressure, excitable personality and strong competitiveness.
Signals (8 kinds)
The main manifestations are dizziness and headache, head swelling and dreaminess, insomnia and forgetfulness, memory loss, palpitation, chest tightness, breath holding, limb fatigue, limb numbness and so on.
preventive measure
First, psychological balance: optimism can improve the function of blood vessel wall and the metabolism of substances in blood. If a person is optimistic, he can have a psychological balance, and then be physically stable, and as a result, it is not easy to have a pathological process. So some people say that drug therapy is not as good as diet therapy, and diet therapy is not as good as psychotherapy. You can have good health only if you have a good mood.
Second, moderate exercise: aerobic exercise. Insufficient exercise will cause the increase of bad lipids in the blood and deposit on the blood vessel wall, which can promote vascular sclerosis. But excessive exercise may lead to sudden death. Generally speaking, the heart rate after exercise plus a person's age does not exceed 170. If you insist on physical exercise (aerobic exercise) for half an hour every day, you can relax blood vessels, enhance the elasticity and toughness of blood vessels, increase the level of high-density lipoprotein called "vascular scavenger" in blood, remove bad lipids on blood vessel walls and protect blood vessel walls.
Third, quit smoking: harmful substances such as nicotine, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide in smoke do great harm to vascular endothelial cells. It will not only lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but also easily lead to cancer, ulcer, premature delivery and abortion.
Fourth, a reasonable diet:
1, mainly light, to prevent overnutrition and achieve "three lows"-low salt, low sugar and low animal fat.
2. Alkaline food can prevent harmful substances from depositing on the blood vessel wall and prevent arteriosclerosis. Therefore, we should always eat green vegetables, fruits, milk, beans, chestnuts, almonds, sweet potatoes, potatoes, tomatoes, oranges and other alkaline foods.
3, often eat scaly sea fish, red grapes, red wine (daily 1-2), mustard, carrots, hawthorn, seaweed, kelp, black fungus, corn, black sesame, oats, sweet potatoes, walnuts, fragrant shavings, strawberries, pineapples, peppers, lemons and so on. It has the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis (anticoagulation and reducing blood viscosity)
4, do not eat fried, smoked, pickled food.
5. Don't overeat.
5. Actively prevent and treat hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Don't think that there is no need for treatment without conscious symptoms. In case of headache, dizziness, palpitation, chest tightness, chest pain, asthma, fatigue, etc. You should go to the cardiovascular clinic of a regular medical institution in time.
Secondary prevention
The secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases refers to taking preventive measures for patients with cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease, with the aim of improving symptoms, reducing the mortality and disability rate and preventing the recurrence of cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease. There are two main measures for secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. First, discover and control risk factors; The other is reliable and continuous medication. The secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases advocates "double effects", that is, effective drugs and effective doses. Stop eating and stop eating, which is a taboo for secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Not only ineffective, but also more dangerous. There are two "ABCDE" in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, both of which are indispensable.
(A)ABCDE drug prevention
A. aspirin
It mainly prevents platelet aggregation and release, improves the balance between prostaglandin and thromboxane A2, and prevents arteriosclerosis thrombosis. Taking aspirin enteric-coated tablets 75- 150 mg every day can prevent the recurrence of cerebral infarction.
Blood pressure control and blood lipid control
Hypertension can accelerate the development of arteriosclerosis. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the chance of cerebral infarction or recurrent cerebral infarction. On the one hand, hyperlipidemia thickens and slows the blood supply to the brain, on the other hand, it damages the vascular endothelium and deposits on the vascular wall to form atherosclerotic plaques, which directly leads to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. All belong to primary high-risk factors diseases, and effective treatment can prevent the recurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
C. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
The composition of modern Chinese medicine compound is true, and the clinical effect of preventing and treating cerebral infarction is exact and comprehensive. Tianxintai Xueshuanxinmaining tablet is a Chinese medicine with the characteristics of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, inducing resuscitation and dredging collaterals, lowering blood lipid and anticoagulation. It is the first modern Chinese medicine with secondary prevention in China, and has the functions of synergetic blood pressure reduction, blood viscosity reduction, microcirculation improvement, antioxidation and anti-atherosclerosis thrombosis, which can safely and accurately prevent the progress of cerebral infarction. For middle-aged and elderly people who have never suffered from cerebral infarction, but have symptoms of arteriosclerosis or precursors of cerebral infarction, Tianxintai Xueshuanxinmaining tablets also have a good preventive effect, which is superior in safety and treatment pertinence.
D, control diabetes (Diabetescontrol)
More than 80% diabetes leads to abnormal lipid metabolism, often accompanied by arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia complicated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The increase of blood sugar content will also increase blood viscosity and coagulation function, which is conducive to the formation of cerebral infarction. Diabetic patients should eat a low-sugar and low-calorie diet and use hypoglycemic drugs appropriately.
E. Rehabilitation education
Through online publicity, free reading of practical books, and regular rehabilitation guidance, we will strengthen the popularization of knowledge related to the prevention of cerebral infarction, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis and hypertension. Actively intervene in risk factors, so that patients can patiently accept long-term preventive measures and actively cooperate with drug treatment.
ABCDE for a healthy life
A. Accumulate exercises
Proper exercise can increase fat consumption, reduce cholesterol deposition in the body, improve insulin sensitivity, help prevent obesity, control weight, increase circulatory function, regulate blood lipid, lower blood pressure and reduce thrombosis. It is an active measure to prevent and treat cerebral infarction (cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism and cerebral infarction). Patients with cerebral infarction should choose according to their physical condition, take appropriate physical exercise and physical activity to avoid fatigue. Not suitable for strenuous exercise, such as running fast and climbing mountains, but suitable for aerobic exercise such as jogging, walking, aerobics and playing Tai Ji Chuan.
B, weight control (BMIcontrol)
Maintain or lose weight, keep the body mass index at 18.5-24.9kg/m2 and waist circumference < < 90cm.
C, quit smoking and limit alcohol (Cigarettequitting)
There are more than 3000 kinds of harmful substances in cigarettes. Nicotine in cigarettes can stimulate autonomic nerves, make blood vessels spasm, heart beat faster, blood pressure rise, and blood cholesterol increase, thus accelerating arteriosclerosis.
D, reasonable diet (diet)
Food is diverse, mainly cereals; Eating more foods rich in potassium, such as peaches, oranges, bananas, spinach, edamame, sweet potatoes, etc., can lower blood pressure and prevent stroke; Calcium deficiency can promote arteriole spasm and raise blood pressure. Taking more than 1 g of calcium every day can lower blood pressure. Magnesium and calcium have similar functions, so you should eat more foods rich in magnesium such as coarse grains, nuts and seaweed. Eat more vegetables, bananas, potatoes and foods rich in cellulose; Eat milk, beans or their products every day; Eat fish, eggs and lean meat in moderation, and eat less fat, skin, hooves and meat dishes; Food intake and physical activity should be balanced to maintain a proper weight; The diet is light, with less salt and less sugar, and the amount of salt is reduced to about 6 grams per day.
E. Emotional stability
Optimism, stable mood, comfortable and balanced mentality are not only important factors to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but also the key and secret to achieve longevity.
The younger generation pays tribute to their relatives who suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and need secondary prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to supervise whether these two life-and-death preventive measures are in place, and supervise them to take drugs on time and effectively exercise and effectively control risk factors.
If we can do the above as far as possible, we can reach the new health standard of 2 1 century: healthy and happy 100 years old, in a good mood every day, not sick before 60 years old, healthy and happy to retire, not aging before 80 years old, relaxed 100 years old, less suffering for ourselves and children, saving medical expenses and benefiting the whole society.