▲ The origin of Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the most important festival in summer. Traditionally, the Dragon Boat Festival originated from activities to commemorate Qu Yuan. However, many popular Dragon Boat Festival customs have a longer history than Qu Yuan's legend. Some scholars speculate that the Dragon Boat Festival may have another origin. One of the sayings is that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the taboo of bad days.

Dragon Boat Festival is in the fifth month of the lunar calendar, which is a popular season in midsummer, commonly known as "evil month". Therefore, "Summer" said: "(Can) save the orchid, but save it" (save: accumulate, gather. Braised in brown sauce: collection. Mi: store Mi). "Dai Li" said: "Leave orchids to bathe". The purpose of bathing is to clean and eliminate toxic gases, which is an active preventive measure against the evil month in May. During this period, all actions are also based on the principle of rest and rest. "Book of Rites. Monthly Order: "In midsummer, Yin and Yang struggle, life and death are separated, and gentlemen fast;" Silence, abstinence. " At the same time, there are many taboos in May. According to Ying Shao (AD 178), "Pass? According to the book Historical Records, there are some sayings in the Han Dynasty, such as "When you arrive at an official in May, you will be dead if you don't move" and "When you build a house in May, you will be dead if you are bald". May 5th is a particularly bad day. In addition to avoiding "showing your bed and recommending your seat", there is even a proverb "Don't mention May". Historical records? Meng Changjun Biography records that Meng Changjun was born on May 5th, and his father Tian Ying wanted to abandon him. Because Tian Ying thinks: "If you grow up in harmony with your family, it will be bad for your parents. "The taboo of this evil day is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Today, we can also find out the ingredients to avoid the epidemic from many customs of the Dragon Boat Festival.

The second explanation of the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival was put forward by Mr. Wen Yiduo. Wen Yiduo pointed out in the article "Dragon Boat Festival Examination" that the two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival-running and eating zongzi-are related to dragons. He first quoted Wu Jun (AD 467-520) in the "Continuation" of a passage:

On may 2 1 day, qu yuan died of illness in Miluo, and the Chu people mourned. Every day, rice is stored in bamboo tubes and sacrificed in water. During the military construction of Han Dynasty, Changsha returned to Europe. During the day, I suddenly saw a man who called himself Dr. San Lv. He said, "You should see this sacrifice. Very kind. But it is often stolen by the bitter dragon. If there is any benefit today, you can put neem leaves on it and tie it with colored silk. These two things are also what Xiaolong is afraid of. " Go back to his words. The world uses five-color silk and neem leaves to make zongzi, which is a gurgling legacy.

Meanwhile, Wen Yiduo cited several literary examples to support his theory. These records also show that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is closely related to dragons. Wen Yiduo speculated that the Dragon Boat Festival may have been just a festival of Wuyue people in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. According to ancient legends, wuyue is a country with tattooed hair. As for the purpose of tattooing, it is "like a dragon" to avoid injury. Hanshu? Ying Shao's note: "(Yue Ren) is often in the water, so he broke his hair and stabbed himself like a dragon, but he did not see any harm." Wen Yiduo's conclusion is that the Dragon Boat Festival should be a day when people who take dragons as totems hold totem sacrifices. In other words, it is a Dragon Boat Festival.

Although these statements explain some specific phenomena, it would be a pity if any of them were regarded as the single origin of the Dragon Boat Festival. Rather than saying so, it is better to say that evil days and dragon totems are the possible sources of the Dragon Boat Festival. In the process of historical development, they merged with each other until the legend of Qu Yuan added new impetus to them, and the Dragon Boat Festival flourished and became an important festival.

▲ Legend of Dragon Boat Festival

According to Records of the Historian and Biographies of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, Qu Yuan is a minister who is "knowledgeable, ambitious, knowledgeable in troubled times and good at rhetoric". When he entered the DPRK, he negotiated with the king about state affairs and gave orders; When you go out, you will meet the guests and deal with the weather. Wang is willing to do it. "Because he was highly valued by Chu Huaiwang, he caused the jealousy of Doctor Shangguan and your Yin, and slandered Qu Yuan in front of the reigning king. The king of Chu gradually alienated Qu Yuan, even refused to take his advice, and finally even exiled Qu Yuan. Qu yuan, who was both sad and angry, fell into the rivers and lakes. After writing his masterpiece Huai Sha, he threw himself into the river.

Decades after Qu Yuan's death, the State of Chu was finally destroyed by the State of Qin because of the treacherous court official. But Qu Yuan, a loyal and suspicious tragic hero, still lives in the hearts of Chu people. The following story can be used to illustrate Chu people's love for Qu Yuan.

It is said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, the people of Chu were so sad that they flocked to the Miluo River to pay their respects to Qu Yuan. The fisherman got off the boat and fished his body back and forth on the river. A fisherman also took out zongzi, eggs and other foods prepared in advance and threw them into the river, saying that if fish and shrimp were eaten, they would not bite the doctor. An old doctor took an altar of realgar wine and poured it into the river, saying that he would stun the dragon with this medicine so that it could not hurt Dr. Qu.

Not long after, a dizzy dragon floated on the water, and a skirt of Dr. Qu was still on the dragon's beard. People pull dragons ashore, pull them off their necks, then wrap them around children's hands and necks, and wipe their brains with realgar wine, so that those poisonous snakes and pests will not dare to hurt these children.

It is said that the day when Qu Yuan jumped into the river was May 5th. Since then, on May 5th every year, people will row dragon boats, eat zongzi and drink realgar wine to commemorate Qu Yuan.

In some areas, Acorus calamus or wormwood will be inserted in the door at the end of the festival, which is of course because wormwood has the function of detoxification. However, there is a folk saying about the origin of this custom.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led the troops to revolt, and wherever he went, he killed countless people, causing rivers of blood. As soon as people heard that Huang Chao was coming, they hurried away.

In May this year, Huang Chao's army invaded Henan and arrived in Dengzhou. Huang Chao rode out of the city to see the terrain, only to see the old, weak, women and children pouring out of the city in waves. He saw a woman carrying luggage, holding a little boy in one hand and an older boy in the other. Surprised, Huang Chao dismounted and asked, "Sister-in-law, where are you in a hurry?" The woman replied, "I heard that Huang Chao is a murderous villain and will attack Dengzhou in a few days. All the men in the city were called in to guard the city. We, young and old, might as well run for our lives early. "

Huang Chao pointed to the child and asked her, "Why are you holding the small one in your hand, but holding the big one?" The woman said, "The only one in my arms is my uncle's family who is alive. I have my own son in my hand. In case of emergency, I would rather lose my son than leave a seedling for my uncle. "

Deeply moved, Huang Chao said to the woman, "Sister-in-law, go back quickly and stick calamus and wormwood at the door, so that Huang Chao's army won't hurt you."

The woman was skeptical, but she returned to the city and spread the news. The next day was Duanyang in May. Huang Chao's army stormed into the city, only to find calamus and wormwood hanging on the doors of every household. In order to keep his promise to women, Huang Chao had no choice but to lead the troops, and the whole city was spared.

To commemorate this event, every time after the Dragon Boat Festival, everyone will put calamus and wormwood on the door. This custom has been passed down to this day.

▲ The custom of Dragon Boat Festival

Before the legend of Qu Yuan was widely circulated, the custom of Dragon Boat Festival still followed the taboo of evil days, with health care and avoiding epidemic as the main principles. Mao Cui (died in 1700)' s "four-person monthly order" records: "It is the fifth day of the month (May); He Zhili Huanglian Pill and Cholera Pill; Pick ears and toads and go east to make medicine together. " Except dystocia, the rest are pills for common summer diseases such as diarrhea and heatstroke.

Ying Shao's "Customs Pass" records: "On May 5, Sun tied his arm with colorful silks, which was called longevity, continued life, led troops, led five colors, led various ropes, led soldiers and ghosts, and made people not ill." From the names of "long life" and "continued life", we can know how much people were afraid of the threat of bad days to life at that time. We not only actually make pills to treat diseases, but also rely on colored silk for psychological defense against supernatural and invisible ghosts and military disasters.

Despite these scruples, the vitality of the Dragon Boat Festival has not diminished, and the custom of actively praying for blessings can still be seen everywhere. According to the Records of Local Customs in the early Zhou Dynasty (240-299), the emerging customs of the Dragon Boat Festival in the Jin Dynasty are "picking moxa, hanging, stepping on a hundred herbs and running a race". Of course, hanging moxa is for the purpose of antivirus, and stepping on a hundred herbs is a later game called "Hundred Herbs War". The custom of dragon boat racing, which is regarded as the characteristic of the Dragon Boat Festival, also appeared at this time. According to the note in the Chronicle of Jingchu written by Zong Zhuo (about 498-565), "According to the convention, Qu Yuan threw himself into Miluo Day for the race on May 5, and injured his death place, so he ordered the boat to rescue him." The historical records do not record the date when Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, indicating that Haoran was influenced by legends. In fact, games and prayers. On the surface, it seems to be a race to save Qu Yuan, but the basic spirit still keeps the original intention of exorcising evil days.

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Dragon Boat Festival was also called "Bathing Orchid Festival", and Jingchu had the custom of picking Ai. Ai picking should start before the cock crows. Choose the most humanoid wormwood to take back and hang on the door, or use it for acupuncture. It is said that this kind of wormwood has special curative effect in acupuncture. Most people tie wormwood into the shape of a tiger, or cut it into the shape of a tiger, and then stick wormwood leaves on it to wear during the Dragon Boat Festival. Besides picking mugwort, we also picked calamus to soak in wine.

By the Tang Dynasty, Dragon Boat Festival had become an important festival, and there were various celebrations in the court. Most emperors in the Tang Dynasty rewarded their men at noon. Wang pu (922-982) recorded in Volume 35 of Tang Yao Hui that in the eighteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong gave Wuji and Yang Shidao a "flying white fan" with an inscription on it. He said: "After five days of old customs, we must play with clothes to congratulate each other. I will give you two white fans today to move the breeze to increase your virtue. " Not only the minions are rewarded, but also the civil and military officials. Ma Su (about the middle of the tenth century) records that during the Zhenguan period, the Dragon Boat Festival gave black tortoise shells to civil servants and black silver belts to military officers. "Tang Shu? Li Lezhi also recorded that during the Tianbao period, clothes and fans were presented to ancestral graves during the Dragon Boat Festival.

Wang Renyu (880-956) recorded in the book "The Tianbao Legacy of Kaiyuan" that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty: "During the Dragon Boat Festival in the palace, rice balls and buns are made and served in golden plates. Bows are made of small horns, slender and lovely. If you hit the pink ball on the plate with an arrow, the winner will get food. The cover powder ball is greasy and difficult to shoot. This play is very popular in Beijing. " However, this is only a game that luxury families can afford. Generally, people can only use economical fans to meet the occasion during the Dragon Boat Festival. Li nao (who lived about 880 years later) recorded in the Chronicle of the Qin Dynasty: "Two days before the Dragon Boat Festival, the East City was called Fan City, and the cars were full." Kun Lu (born around 904)' s Yunxian Miscellaneous Notes, the first volume of which quoted the Golden Gate Festival, also said: "Luoyang people ... put their temples in a pavilion with fine filaments during the Dragon Boat Festival and gave them a gift to avoid the plague fan." Most of the early fans were cattail fans, because Acorus calamus has the effect of expelling poison, so-called epidemic fans, or from this.

The emerging custom of the Dragon Boat Festival in the Tang Dynasty and the so-called "five-hour map". Duan (about 803-863) recorded in Volume I of Youyang Miscellanies: "Women in the Northern Dynasties entered the five-hour map and five-hour flowers on the fifth day and put them on the account." The so-called "five-hour map" is to draw snakes, scorpions, toads, lizards and martial arts on paper, which is also called "five poison symbols". It is said that only when these five poisonous creatures coexist can they dare not fight with each other and live in peace. So hanging a five-hour chart can prevent these poisonous insects from doing mischief.

Dragon Boat Festival utensils in Song Dynasty are more exquisite than those in the previous generation. Meng's Dream of China in Tokyo (1 147) records: Dragon Boat Festival artifacts, white rope, mugwort flowers, silver-like drums, beautifully painted fans, fragrant candy, small dumplings and white balls. Perilla frutescens, Acorus calamus and Papaya are all chopped, mixed with incense and medicine, and wrapped in a plum-red box. Peaches, willows, sunflowers, cattail leaves and Buddhist love are sold every day from May 1 Sunday to the day before the Dragon Boat Festival. The next day, every household was spread out at the door and fed with five-color water polo and tea wine. He also nailed Ai Ren to the door, and the scholars handed him a banquet.

Chen Shiliang (about 1225- 1264) quoted Chronological Miscellanies in Volume 21, which mentioned that "the five ends are red and white, and the colored lines run through them, which are like flowers." Or tie or nail the door to make it red and white, which is also called money. "And another kind of" mussel powder bell ":"On the fifth day, mussel powder is placed in silk and decorated with cotton, if there are several beads. Let the child take it to absorb sweat. "The things in these carry-on bags have changed several times, from sweat-absorbing mussel powder, amulets to ward off evil spirits, copper coins and realgar powder to sachets filled with spices, and their production has become increasingly exquisite, becoming a unique folk art of the Dragon Boat Festival.

The intelligence of the Song people does not stop there. Acorus calamus and wormwood, which are also poisonous, will also add some tricks to make their appearance artistic. Wu's "Liang Lumeng" (1274 preface) records the Dragon Boat Festival in Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Iron mourning and forming a heavenly teacher, hanging on the threshold, or hanging a tiger's head Bai Ze." Some people also use clay statues, with moxa as the head and garlic as the fist, and hang them on the door to ward off evil spirits. "Shi Tian" and "Tiger" are the two most common images before the Dragon Boat Festival, because their shapes are enough to stop the heresy of evil spirits. At the same time, we can also see the influence of Taoism on the custom of Dragon Boat Festival.

Since the Ming Dynasty, decorative elements have been gradually added to the five poison symbols originally used to drive away poison, becoming the embellishment of women's hair. Volume 17 of Shen Bang's Miscellaneous Notes on Ten Thousand Parts (1593) records: "Women draw centipedes, snakes, scorpions, tigers and toads as five poisonous symbols and insert them on women's heads". This headdress was called "Ren Jian" or "Douniang" in Jiangnan area in Qing Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty in Beijing, the Dragon Boat Festival was regarded as "Daughter's Day". Volume 17 of Wan Bu Miscellaneous Notes records: "Wan Hai was very beautiful as a little girl from the first day to the fifth day of May. It seems that the custom of "marrying a daughter is also a mothering, because it is called Daughter's Day" only exists in Beijing.

* Near the river, the dragon boat race is held on the Dragon Boat Festival. Zhang Dai's Tao Anmeng (1646) has five records of "Golden Mountain Race": there are ten or twenty dragon boats in Guazhou, depicting the dragon tail to get its anger; Twenty people sitting next to them are holding a big jar and holding it; Use a colorful awning in the middle and an embroidered umbrella in front and back to take its brilliance; Beat drums to get their knots; After the battle, arrange a weapon and take it away; On the faucet, one person's feet stand upright, press it and take the risk; Hang the child on the dragon's tail and take the risk of it. From the first day of May to the fifteenth day, the sun came out, and on the fifth day, Jinshan and Zhenjiang also came out. Turbulent waves, enter the dragon, occasionally fall into the whirlpool, that's a hundred times, resigned. Crowds gather in Jinshan, on the other side of Wangjiang, and ants are attached to the hive, ready to move. In the evening, everything blooms and the banks are boiling.

Yang Sichang (1588- 164 1) recorded the custom of crossing the Wuling River in detail. According to local folklore, the dragon boat race is to eliminate disasters, so before rowing the dragon boat, various sacrifices should be held to recruit people; Wizards come to practice to pray for victory. After rowing the dragon boat, residents will scoop water from the dragon boat and add herbs to bathe, which is also to eliminate disasters.

There are two kinds of dragon boats in West Lake. The first floor is divided into upper and lower floors. There are children dressed as historical and immortal figures upstairs, and sailors who preach, beat gongs and drums and sit next to each other downstairs. This kind of dragon boat is more expressive. The dragon boat used in the competition surrounds the big dragon boat. When something is thrown on the dragon boat, the sailors on the dragon boat go into the water to compete. Among them, money and ducks are the most difficult to grab, because coins sink when they enter the water, and ducks will swim around to avoid them. Although there was a custom of catching frog medicine during the Dragon Boat Festival in past dynasties, it seems that it should wait until the Ming Dynasty before the imperial doctor joined this folk prescription lineup. Dong Liu and Yu Yizheng's A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital (1635), Volume 2: "Take toad venom for five days." The method of taking toad venom is to acupuncture between the eyebrows of toad to make toad secrete white ivory venom, and then scrape it off with bamboo slices for preservation. It is said that toad venom can cure furuncle and malignant swelling.

Another folk remedy is to drink calamus and realgar wine. Besides drinking, I also put realgar wine on the account. Lu Gu's Qing Xi Lu (1830) Volume 5: "Study realgar powder and Pugen crumbs and drink them with wine, which is called realgar wine. He also dyed the children's foreheads, hands and feet with wine and sprinkled them between the walls to drive away poisonous insects. " Some children are afraid to drink, and parents will draw a "king" on their foreheads with realgar wine, so that all poisons will not invade.

▲ Dragon Boat Festival food customs

The earliest food of the Dragon Boat Festival should belong to the "owl soup" of the Western Han Dynasty. Historical records? The commentary in the Book of Emperor Wudi quoted: "The Han Dynasty sent owls to Dong Jun, and on May 5th, officials were given owl soup. Eat bad birds, so eat. " Probably because owls are difficult to catch, the custom of eating owl soup didn't last. Filing is the protagonist of the Dragon Boat Festival-Zongzi, which appeared after the Eastern Han Dynasty. First, it was not until the Jin Dynasty that zongzi became the festival food of the Dragon Boat Festival. Local customs: "May 5, the same summer as the solstice, ... for two days first, then wrapped in sticky rice with leaves, mixed with millet and cooked with pure ash juice." At the same time, there is a kind of Dragon Boat Festival food called "turtle", which was only a flash in the pan in the Jin Dynasty and then disappeared. Only Zongzi, called "Zongzi" in Local Conditions and Customs, has become the most popular Dragon Boat Festival food in Qu Yuan's legend for thousands of years.

According to the practice recorded in "Local Customs", the zongzi at that time was mainly millet, and no other fillings were added except millet. However, under the ingenious management of China people who pay attention to diet, the zongzi I can see today has changed in shape and content.

First of all, as far as modeling is concerned, there are triangles, quadrangles, pillows, small towers, round sticks and so on. The material of zongzi leaves varies from place to place. Because bamboo is abundant in the south, local materials are used to wrap zongzi with bamboo leaves. Most people like to use fresh bamboo leaves, because zongzi tied with dried bamboo leaves will not have the fragrance of bamboo leaves after cooking. Northerners are used to tying zongzi with reed leaves. Reed leaves are slender and narrow, so two or three leaves should be used overlapping. The size of zongzi also varies widely, ranging from giant bean zongzi weighing two or three pounds to sweet zongzi that is small and exquisite and less than two inches long.

As far as taste is concerned, zongzi stuffing is both meat and vegetables, sweet and salty. Jiaozi in the north is mainly sweet, while jiaozi in the south is less sweet and more salty. The content of the material is the part that can best highlight the local characteristics.

There are about three kinds of zongzi in Beiping: one is white zongzi made of glutinous rice, steamed and eaten with sugar. The other is jujube zongzi, which is mainly filled with dates and preserved fruits. The third kind is red bean paste zongzi, which is relatively rare. There is also a kind of zongzi in North China, which uses yellow rice instead of glutinous rice and is filled with red dates. After steaming, I saw Huang Chengcheng's red dates embedded in sticky millet. Some people called it "agate wrapped in gold".

Zhejiang Huzhou Zongzi is fragrant and soft, and it is divided into two varieties: salty and sweet. Pickled with fresh pork and soaked in superior soy sauce. Each zongzi contains a piece of fat meat and a piece of lean meat. Tangyuan is filled with jujube paste or bean paste. Add a piece of pork suet on it. Steamed lard mixed with bean paste is very smooth and palatable. Zongzi produced by Wufangzhai is especially famous. The fillings are all specially selected, including eight-treasure dumplings, chicken dumplings, bean paste dumplings, fresh meat dumplings and so on, each with its own characteristics.

Sichuan's pepper and salt beans jiaozi is also very distinctive. First, soak glutinous rice and red beans for half a day, add pepper noodles, Sichuan salt and a little diced bacon, and wrap them into four-corner dumplings. Boil for three hours, then put it on barbed wire and bake it with charcoal. It tastes crisp outside and tender inside, which is quite tasty.

Guangdong Zhongshan Ludou Zongzi is characterized by a round stick shape and a thick arm. There are also sweet and salty ingredients. Sweet ones are lotus seed paste, red bean paste, chestnut paste and jujube paste; Salty bacon, roast chicken, egg yolk, scallops, mushrooms, mung beans, roast chicken and so on.

Zongzi in southern Fujian is divided into alkali zongzi, meat zongzi and bean zongzi. Alkaline zongzi is steamed by adding lye to glutinous rice. It's sticky, soft and slippery. Adding honey or syrup after freezing is especially delicious. Jiaozi's meat stuffing consists of braised pork, mushrooms, egg yolk, dried shrimps and dried bamboo shoots. The meat buns in Xiamen are the most famous. Bean buns are very popular in Quanzhou. They are made of September beans mixed with a little salt and wrapped in glutinous rice. When the beans are steamed, they smell delicious, and some people eat them with sugar.

▲ Dragon Boat Festival customs all over the country

Hebei Province

It is said that drilling well water is avoided in Beiping Dragon Boat Festival, and it is often pre-pumped before the festival, in order to avoid well poisoning. On Dragon Boat Festival, street vendors also sell cherry mulberries. It is said that they eat cherry mulberries on the Dragon Boat Festival and don't eat flies by mistake all year round. "Five Poison Cakes", which are cakes decorated with five poisonous insect patterns, are sold in various food stores. Luanxian county lets men and women in-laws give gifts to each other on the Dragon Boat Festival. On the Dragon Boat Festival in Zhao County, the local government will hold a banquet in the south of the city, inviting the literati in the city to feast and compose poems, which is called "stepping on the willow".

[Shandong Province]

On the Dragon Boat Festival in zouping county, everyone needs a drink every morning, which is said to ward off evil spirits. Rizhao Dragon Boat Festival wraps seven colors of thread around children, and it will take them until the first rain after the festival before they are untied and thrown into the rain. On the Dragon Boat Festival in Linqing County, boys under seven wear symbols (necklaces made of wheat barnyard grass), girls wear pomegranate flowers, and they also wear yellow shoes made by their mothers, and draw five kinds of poisonous insects on the vamps with a brush. It means killing five kinds of poisonous insects with Qu Yuan's ink. On the morning of Dragon Boat Festival, Jimo washes his face with dew.

[Shanxi Province]

On the Dragon Boat Festival in Xiezhou, men and women wear mugwort leaves, which is called "expelling diseases", while young children tie a hundred ropes around their necks. It is said that this is "tying dragons for Qu Yuan". During the Dragon Boat Festival in the Western Zhou Dynasty, villages would offer sacrifices to the Dragon King and hang paper in the fields. The Dragon Boat Festival in Huairen County is also called "Zhumen". The Dragon Boat Festival in Dingxiang County requires students to give gifts to their teachers. Lu 'an Mansion uses steamed dumplings made of wheat flour, called "white dumplings", and presents them to each other together with zongzi.

Shanxi(Province)

On the Dragon Boat Festival in Xing 'an League, local officials lead their subordinates to watch the game, which is called "stepping on a stone". At the Dragon Boat Festival in Xingping County, a small corn is sewn with silk, and a small doll is sewn below it, which is called "playing with dolls". The Dragon Boat Festival in Tongguan County is called "town disease", and there are Pu Ai and paper cows sticking to the door.

Gansu province

Picking roses on Dragon Boat Festival in Jingning area is mainly based on honey pickling. Zhenyuan county presented a fragrant fan, a Luo Qi, a towel handkerchief and a Ai Hu to the newlyweds during the Dragon Boat Festival. Children also invite their fathers and brothers to entertain their teachers, which is called "enjoying the festival". On the Dragon Boat Festival in Zhang Xi 'an County, the shepherd boy worships the mountain gods. Accumulated salary mountain, chicken calls before burning, commonly known as "burning mountain"

Jiangsu Province

During the Dragon Boat Festival in Jiading County, people, rich or poor, have to buy stone fish (commonly known as mandarin fish) to cook. There is also a saying in Yizheng County, "When pants, buy yellow croaker". On the Dragon Boat Festival in Nanjing, families use a box of clear water, plus a little realgar and goose eye money. The whole family washes their eyes with this kind of water, which is called "breaking the eyes of fire". It is said that it can protect them from eye diseases for a year. There is a dragon boat show in Wujin at night. In the evening, small lanterns are hung around the dragon boat, and flutes and drums sing harmoniously.

Sichuan Province

Shizhu has the custom of "going out during the Dragon Boat Festival". Four people use two bamboo poles to lift the wide table covered with red carpet. A Taoist priest riding a tiger weaves bamboo sticks on the carpet. Beating gongs and drums, marching in the street. In ancient times, there was a custom of "beating plum blossoms" on the Dragon Boat Festival in western Sichuan. On that day, everyone in Chengdu bought plums and threw them up and down on the rostrum in the southeast corner of the city, attracting tens of thousands of viewers. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), the custom stopped because of the conflict between Touli and foreign missionaries. Leshan, Xinjin and other places also hold grand commodity fairs during the Dragon Boat Festival.

[Xijiang province]

Students from rural schools in Tonglu County gave their teachers a gift on the Dragon Boat Festival, which was called "Remembrance". The doctor collects medicine at noon, and it is said that the doctor is in heaven that day.

[Jiangxi Province]

Jianchang Prefecture takes a bath with herbal water at noon to prevent scabies, and Xinchang County drinks realgar cinnabar wine, which is called "opening eyes".

Hubei province

In Bahe Town, Huanggang County, people welcome Nuo people on the Dragon Boat Festival and use tattoos of corollas and golden bells to drive away the epidemic. Dragon boat race in Yichang county, especially on May 13, 14 and 15. May 15, also known as "Daduanyang", people eat zongzi and drink Pu wine, just like the Dragon Boat Festival.

[Hunan Province]

On the Dragon Boat Festival in Youxian County, rich pregnant women eat with flowers, poor people prepare chicken wine, and collect money with bamboo clips in front of the dragon boat faucet to pray for safe production. The government of Yuezhou regards this game as a disaster and a disease. Also known as "sending plague", when the grass boat comes to flood.

[Fujian Province]

Fuzhou Dragon Boat Festival is an old custom, so the daughter-in-law gives shroud, shoes and socks, zongzi and fans to her in-laws. In Jianyang County, 5th is the King Day of Sun-drying capsules, and people make sauces on this day. During the Dragon Boat Festival in Shanghang County, the boat was tied with reeds and a dragon-shaped play was performed at the water's edge, which was called dragon boat race. After the Dragon Boat Race in Xianyou County, paper was presented at Huxiao Beach to commemorate Qi Jiguang's drowning here during Jiajing period. Before Shao Wufu's Dragon Boat Festival, women used crimson yarn as a bag. Five-color velvet is the winning surface, and the colored thread is tied. The girl hung upside down on her back and was called "Dou Niang".

[Guangdong Province]

After washing hands and eyes with boiling water at noon on the Dragon Boat Festival in Conghua County, it is called "sending disaster". During the Dragon Boat Festival in Xinxing County, people advocate welcoming and guiding idols' travel from neighboring temples. Wizards also use Dharma water and stickers to drive away evil spirits. During the Dragon Boat Festival in Shicheng County, children fly kites, which is called "disaster relief".

▲ Dragon Boat Festival poetry

Jingduqu

Liu Yuxi

In May, the Yuanjiang River flows horizontally on the embankment, and people in the city will float colorful boats. The spirit sang for a long time, and the lamentation shook from then on.

Yang Yan thundered and thundered, and the turbulence gathered and the sound came crashing. The dragon trembled in the rain. Drink the river together.

The secretariat is in a state of change. It is revealed that nobles are divided into men and women. First, the rest is brave and inspiring, but the color of the title does not drop.

Yum has its own early stage, and there is no fixed place to fly. Customs are as heavy as madness. At this time, we can see the beauty of clouds and rivers.

There are colorful flags on the shore as dumplings, and socks and Ling Bo play in the water. At the end of the song, people are scattered and worried about dusk.

Liu Yuxi's "Crossing the Crossing" tells the story of a dragon boat race in Yuanjiang. Under the auspices of the state secretariat, each team decides whether to win or lose the dragon boat. The winner rejoices and the loser is depressed. After the game, women played in the water and the colorful flags on the shore set each other off, adding infinite interest to the festival.

May 5(th)

(Mei Yao Chen)

Qu Shi has sunk to death, and the Chu people can't bear it.

Why not slander, but want to be a dragon?

Hate before death, not after death.

Yuan Xiang Bi Tan Shui wants to see the striker.

Dragon Boat Festival

(Zhang Wei)

The race has been deeply saddened for thousands of years.

Loyal souls can come back when they are gone.

What is the death of the country today?

Leave Li Sao on earth.

Five Poems by Yi Mao

Lu you

Dragon Boat Festival is coming, and the red pomegranate flowers are full of mountain villages.

The poet ate two dumplings, and the executive was on the mugwort.

I'm still busy taking medicine and prescriptions, trying to get sick safely this year.

After this, it was time for the sun to set, and the family was ready to eat and drink. He drank the wine happily.

These five laws specifically describe the living habits of the Southern Song Dynasty during the Dragon Boat Festival. The author ate a jiaozi with two horns and a moxa stick on its crown. Still vulgar, and busy storing and dispensing medicines, in order to be safe and disease-free this year. In the evening, he drank happily. It can be reflected that the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival in the south of the Yangtze River has both the significance of commemorating Qu Yuan and the content of health care.

He Xinlang (Dragon Boat Festival)

He xinlang. Dragon Boat Festival

Liu Kezhuang

Deep in the courtyard, Liu Hua vomited, curtains were drawn, sweaters were fanned, and the afternoon wind was clear.

The children have finished praising, and the new sample is Ai Hu.

Tourists have watched the ferry. The boss casually participated in the performance, playing a stranger, fighting for the flag in his youth, running in the rain and dancing in the waves.

All souls are beautiful and tall. I remember that my life was Lampe and Jiao Yong.

Who believes that after a thousand years, the bottom of the waves is mouth-watering?

Some people say that jiaozi is greedy and the dragon is angry. I seem to be awake now. I expected that in those days, there would be no pain, no drunkenness and no laughter.

This is the Dragon Boat Festival.

Beiqiong

There is always the sun after the storm,

Miluo spirit has nowhere to hang.

Sea durian should smile,

No wine, just wake up alone.

Watch the game in the afternoon

Bian gong

* * * scary dragon water upstream,

I wonder if it's a Mulan boat.

Yun Qi was hunting in Han Qing,

Thunder and drums are noisy and dark.

Quzi's murder case has always been there,

The legacy of Chu township has been preserved to this day.

Jiang Ting will have a high-level meeting in his spare time.

I can't understand my worries when I'm drunk and sarcastic.

In the afternoon, the country banned the competition.

Tang Xianzu

Write calamus and bamboo cup alone,

The grass in Pengcheng just took a step back.

Knowing perfectly well can't die in Oujiang,

Why are you hanging and bending?

Five days (choose one)

Chen Zilong

May, May, the water is long,

Looking around, the clouds are still.

Pick up Cui, someone is gorgeous,

Make waves for a few boys on tour.

Keywords pearl curtain pillow, hibiscus pool,

Draw an oar, a piano and a boat.

I'm going to take a peek at the foot of the temple in Longjia.

Poor Haixitou, Jiangbei.

▲ Dragon Boat Festival couplets

Weight five every day;

At noon.

Aiqi recruits a hundred blessings;

Park Jian kills a thousand evils.

Fortunately, there is no topic in the afternoon;

I'm ashamed and illiterate.

Liu Hua Colorful Zhu Ming Festival;

The fragrance of Pu Ye is green.

Folium Artemisiae Argyi is like a flag to attract a hundred blessings;

Acorus calamus is like a knife to cut thousands of demons.

Lacquer algae color hanging on the green door;

Poultry soaked in wine is good for fragrance.

Qi Jie Zhu Ming Liu Tu Nanrui;

Cui Mao Xianghua.

Folium Artemisiae Argyi smells fragrant all over the world;

Dragon boat drum waves swallow eight wastes.

Dragon boat race, relying on Qu Zi to cherish ancient grievances;

Chi county flies, happy to score patriotic articles today.

Bao Aisi gentleman;

Puyi hopes the saints.

Touching the ground and waxing;

Jianwu is at noon.

The day lilies in front of the hall are very comfortable, full of green;

The pomegranate on the stone glowed with envy.

Liu skirt Xuan Dai adds color;

Aijiu Pujiang memory

Zhaai firewood head, tapping the tiger;

The winning bow was used by Jackie Chan.

Ai people drive thousands of blessings;

Clear water racing boat.

Pomegranate reflects red, and thousands of doors celebrate together;

Drum music urges dragon boat songs.

Wine is realgar, and righteousness alone can remove the five poisons;

The champion won the purple, and San Lv's legacy is rich.

Burning wormwood and drinking realgar, eliminating diseases and preventing diseases, is not the worship of evil gods;

The flying dragon boat wrapped in fragrant zongzi, offering loyalty and evocation, is an example.