In recent years, with the deepening of the concept of architectural space and the continuous improvement of scientific means, "returning to nature" and "bathing in the warmth of nature" have become the mainstream of modern architectural environmentology. The indoor and outdoor vision is becoming more and more blurred, and there are many uncertain spaces, such as patios, four seasons halls, animal and botanical gardens, sports, cultural and entertainment places, etc. Due to the translucency of the membrane material, sunlight can penetrate the membrane material to form slow light during the day, which makes the indoor and outdoor natural effects almost the same, so the membrane structure can create a spatial form comparable to the natural environment.
2. iconic sketches
The central area of a city reflects the geographical features and ethnic customs of a city, and is also a symbol of the degree of cultural development of a city. Landscape design requires its extensive readability and appeal to both refined and popular tastes, and it should not only have extraordinary artistic value, but also be closely loved and appreciated by the public. Membrane structure is applied to urban sketch design with its distinctive personality and logo.
3. Green Corridor
In recent years, in densely populated cities, green spaces and sidewalks have been arranged around residential areas. Residents can take a walk in the street center near the residential area and feel very comfortable without being affected by vehicles. Constructing a movie sketch in the green space vividly beautifies the environment-just like a small white sail in a vast oasis, it has strong functionality-people can have a rest while walking.
4. Commercial Street
Commercial streets occupy a considerable proportion in cities. The buildings and environment of commercial streets are the windows of urban civilization, representing the level of material civilization and spiritual civilization, and are also an important part of landscape environment. Membrane structure is light, unique, modern, easy to install and move, and has been widely used in commercial street design.
5. Building entrance
Building entrance makes the interface between urban public space and architectural space become an integral part of urban space. It is the first part of people's vision. Therefore, in addition to its function, it should also have strong recognition and reflect the personality of the building. It is an important part of the built environment and urban landscape. Because the unique shape of membrane structure is incomparable to other structural types, it has become a common form of building entrance recently.
6. Pedestrian street
Using the light and unique shape of membrane structure to build all kinds of semi-enclosed and fully enclosed spaces can form all-weather building space, provide weather-resistant and sun-proof artificial environment, and have good logo attraction effect, which is an excellent choice for pedestrian street reconstruction and new construction.
7. Parking shed
With the acceleration of urban modernization, cars have become an indispensable means of transportation in any city. Due to the rapid development of China's automobile industry, the number of cars in the city has doubled, but the urban construction planning has failed to meet the requirements of this development as soon as possible, and there are often no parking spaces. Therefore, the parking lot problem should be fully considered in the planning of the construction group, and it is more and more important to regard the construction and planning of the parking lot as an important part of the modern urban construction planning.
Similarly, membrane structure also plays an important role in parking lot construction! Membrane structure carport has been widely promoted in major cities in China because of its novelty, durability, self-cleaning and no discoloration for 20 years! Due to the rapid development of China's automobile industry, the number of cars in the city has doubled, but the urban construction planning has failed to meet the requirements of this development as soon as possible, and there are often no parking spaces. Membrane structure carports can solve the big problem of difficult parking in cities, so membrane structure carports have been widely promoted in major cities in China for 20 years because of their novelty, durability, self-cleaning and no discoloration!
8. Other scope of application:
Sports facilities: stadium, gymnasium, fitness center, swimming pool, tennis court, training center, golf course, etc.
Commercial facilities: shopping malls, shopping centers, hotels, restaurants, commercial streets, etc.
Cultural facilities: exhibition center, theater, conference hall, museum, botanical garden, aquarium, performance center, tourist area, holiday villa, stage, music square, etc.
Transportation facilities: airport, railway station, bus station, toll station, wharf, gas station, parking lot, etc.
Industrial facilities: factories, warehouses, scientific research centers, external management centers, greenhouses, logistics centers, and large parking sheds.
Landscape facilities: building entrance, sign sketch, pedestrian street, real estate company, community garden, etc.
Membrane structure installation process:
1, after the completion of foundation engineering or main structure construction, install membrane support structure, and complete local paint touch-up and fire prevention treatment;
2. Measure the geometric dimensions of supporting structures and connecting nodes and compare them with the design values, and make necessary corrections to the form-finding results; According to the modified shape, cutting design is carried out to process the film surface; If the membrane surface has been made before the support structure is completed, the deviation should be corrected by other schemes, such as replacing the connectors and other specifications;
3. According to the requirements of construction organization design, the processed membrane products are folded and packaged, and marked; Transport to the installation site;
4. Clean up the site and lay protective materials on the ground; Explain the process and division of labor to workers; Unfold the membrane surface, and make preparations such as punching holes in the membrane surface, threading steel cables, and installing membrane corner plates or membrane splints; Tie the rope net to the supporting structure to temporarily support the unfolded membrane surface;
5, after the preparations are ready, lifting machinery in place, lifting and temporary fixed diagonal;
6. Stretch evenly step by step, and apply pre-tension to the membrane surface;
7. Adjust the local tension of corners and fold areas, and finally fix the membrane surface and nodes; Complete the installation of rainwater system and waterproof covering.
8. Clean the surfaces of the inner and outer membranes.
Construction steps of membrane structure
1. Cutting, packaging and transportation of membrane materials
Cable-membrane structures are usually complex in shape, varied in various angles and have very high machining accuracy. In the production process, quality management should be strengthened to ensure production accuracy. Before making the membrane structure, it is necessary to test the material and mechanical properties of the membrane materials and accessories used in the project according to the design and specification requirements, such as the biaxial tensile test of the membrane materials. The processing and production of membrane materials should be carried out by professionals in professional workshops in strict accordance with the design drawings. Because cable-membrane structures are usually spatial surfaces, cutting is to represent spatial surfaces with planar membrane materials. There must be errors in this method of fitting space surface with plane film, so it is necessary for the cutter to add some remedial measures in the film cutting process. The cut diaphragm shall be re-measured and numbered separately, and the measured deviation value shall be recorded in detail. During the cutting operation, the membrane body should be avoided as far as possible to avoid the membrane body bending and folding damage, which will wrinkle the membrane surface and affect the architectural beauty. After the diaphragm blanking is completed, the hot melt scheme is determined according to the drainage direction and the diaphragm connection node. Before the formal heat sealing treatment, a welding test should be conducted to ensure that the strength of the weld is not lower than that of the base metal.
Before packaging the qualified finished film, a perfect packaging scheme should be determined according to the film characteristics and construction scheme. For example, the membrane material with PTFE coating and glass fiber as the base layer can be wrapped, in which the diameter of the winding core is not less than 100mm, and the membrane body that cannot be wrapped into a tube can be lined with soft filler, and then folded and packaged. After the packaging is completed, the packaging content, the use position and the folding and unfolding direction of the film are marked on the outer packaging of the film. Membrane materials should avoid heavy pressure, bending and damage during transportation. At the same time, the installation sequence should be fully considered during transportation, and the membrane should be transported in place once as far as possible to avoid the secondary transportation of the membrane at the scene and reduce the chance of membrane damage.
The process of membrane material processing and manufacturing is as follows: membrane material cutting and drawing → drawing review → membrane material processing technical disclosure → inspection → lofting → cutting → membrane material pre-assembly → membrane material hot melting → edge processing → molding size review → cleaning → packaging → delivery.
Secondly, the supporting structure can be divided into rigid boundary and flexible boundary. The installation error of supporting structure not only directly affects the appearance of the building, but also affects the distribution of prestress in the structure, which will affect the safety of the structure in serious cases. Before installing the supporting steel structure, the elevation and axis size of the top surface of the steel structure foundation should be strictly re-measured according to the specifications and design requirements, and the re-measurement records should be made.
The installation process of supporting structure is as follows: steel structure embedment disclosure → steel structure embedment → steel structure fabrication → foundation embedment recheck → component anticorrosion coating → component fireproof coating → component hoisting.
Third, membrane installation
Before the membrane body enters the site for installation, relevant personnel of the project shall be organized to review the construction scheme and determine the detailed installation operation and safety technical measures. Firstly, check the size of the supporting structure to make the installation error of each control point within the allowable range of design and specification; Acceptance certificate, product quality guarantee, test report, variety, specification and quantity of membrane and accessories; Check whether the appearance of the film is damaged or wrinkled, whether the hot-melt seam falls off, whether the bolts, aluminum alloy beads and stainless steel beads are pulled or corroded, and whether the cable and anchor coating are damaged.
At the same time of organizing the acceptance of components, the membrane spreading platform and safety net should be set up according to the site conditions and construction scheme. For large tensioned membrane structures, meteorological information during installation should be collected. Pay close attention to the wind direction and wind speed during installation to avoid membrane vibration. Construction should be stopped in time in windy or rainstorm weather, and corresponding safety protection measures should be taken.