Most countries in the world stipulate the minimum wage by law and adjust it regularly or irregularly according to the economic situation. Among the countries that stipulate the minimum wage, 60% countries only stipulate one standard, and 40% countries stipulate different minimum wage standards for different types of jobs. In order to facilitate comparison, this paper only uses the minimum data with different minimum wage standards.

1. Set the minimum monthly wage. The largest number of such countries are Luxembourg 16420 yuan/month, Iceland 14993 yuan/month, Belgium 14407 yuan/month, Netherlands 13820 yuan/month, and Austria 10000 yuan/month. Israeli 6853 yuan/month (or 47.5% of the average wage), Maltese 6300 yuan/month, Slovenian 5890 yuan/month, Portuguese 5250 yuan/month, Czech 3060 yuan/month, Slovak 2960 yuan/month, Turkish 28 10 yuan/month. Lithuania 2320 yuan/month, Chile 23 10 yuan/month, Argentina 2232 yuan/month, Russia 192 1 yuan/month, Brazil 1790 yuan/month, Romania 1530 yuan/month. Peru 1.298 yuan/month, Bulgaria 1.230 yuan/month, Gabon 1.200 yuan/month, 960 yuan 865438 yuan/month, Congo 486 yuan/month, Liberia 442 yuan/month and Cameroon 424 yuan/month.

2. Set the minimum hourly wage. Such countries include Germany 8 1.5 yuan (west) and 65.8 yuan/hour (east), New Zealand 60.80 yuan/hour, Japan 60.29 yuan/hour, Canada 54.45 yuan/hour, the United States 50.75 yuan/hour, South Korea 24 yuan/hour and Marshall 14 yuan/hour.

3. At the same time, the minimum hourly wage or daily wage and minimum monthly wage or minimum weekly wage are stipulated. Such countries are Monaco 92.6 1 yuan/hour or 14046 yuan/month, France 88.20 yuan/hour or 13377 yuan/month, Ireland 86.5 yuan/hour or 14620 yuan/month and Andorra 7/month. 64.66 yuan/hour or10/00 yuan/month in Britain, 87.29 yuan/hour or 33 17 yuan/week in Australia, 646 yuan/day or 3,228 yuan/week or13,986 yuan/month in the Netherlands.

4. Minimum wage and compulsory bonus are stipulated. In addition to the minimum wage stipulated by law, several countries also issue year-end bonus and living allowance, such as Malta 1424 yuan/week +2703 yuan year-end bonus +2420 living allowance for the first year.

The minimum wage is not stipulated by law, but by the agreement between employers and employees. After years of struggle, the overall wage level of workers in some capitalist countries with well-organized trade unions is relatively high, and it is no longer necessary for the state to stipulate the minimum wage in the form of law. The wage standard is stipulated in the labor contract, but there is a recognized standard, such as: Sweden 22700 yuan/month, Switzerland 20838 yuan/month (unskilled workers) and 26374 yuan/month (skilled workers), Austria 65438+.

6. Because governments give tax exemptions and various benefits to people who receive the minimum wage, the annual income of people who receive the minimum wage actually needs to earn a lot of wages. Therefore, analyzing the annual income of people who receive the minimum wage in different countries can reflect their income more accurately.

The average minimum income of 183 countries and regions in the world is 4 1535 yuan, and the top 20 countries are all concentrated in Europe except Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. These countries are (from high to low) Norwegian 339 132 yuan/year, Finland 240,000 yuan/year, Sweden 223,200 yuan/year, Iceland 208,396 yuan/year, Ireland185,353 yuan/year and Monaco1685553. Germany 142 128 yuan/year, Luxemburg 14 1379 yuan/year, Netherlands 13442 1 yuan/year, Australia1332000. New Zealand1171/7 yuan/year, Canada 1 13638 yuan/year, San Marino11.

China's minimum annual income is 6 120 yuan, which is less than the world average 15%, ranking 158, ranking 26th from the bottom. Among the 25 countries with the lowest income ranking after China, 14 are in Africa, 8 are in Asia, and 1 is in Oceania, the United States and Europe.

Second, three indicators to measure the minimum wage

There are three indicators to measure the minimum wage. The first is the ratio of minimum wage to per capita GDP, which is used to explain the value of national labor force. The second is the ratio of the minimum wage to the average wage, which is used to illustrate the fairness of distribution; The third is the growth rate of the minimum wage, which is used to illustrate the state's concern for low-income groups.

The ratio of the minimum wage to the per capita GDP in the world is 58%. The data of countries familiar with China are: Ethiopia 127%, Congo 125%, Afghanistan10/3%, Pakistan1KLOC-0/0%, and India. New Zealand 62%, Sweden 6 1%, Denmark 6 1%, Bangladesh 6 1%, Cuba 60%, Iran 59%, Philippines 59%, Mongolia 56%, Belgium 52%, Australia 5 1% and France 5/kloc. China is 25%, ranking 158 in the world. It is worth noting that 25 countries (mostly African countries) are highly indebted countries, and their minimum wages exceed the per capita GDP.

The average wage data of all countries in the world are incomplete, and OECD data are used in this report. The average ratio of the minimum wage to the average wage in 24 OECD countries is 50%, and the order from high to low is: Switzerland 83%, Sweden 76%, Finland 73%, Norway 7 1%, Ireland 60%, Denmark 58%, Germany 58%, Italy 54%, Poland 52% and Portugal 51. Luxembourg 4 1%, South Korea 37%, Australia 36%, Czech Republic 36%, Japan 35%, Britain 30%, USA 30% and Hungary 29%. The average wage in 24 countries accounts for 8 1% of per capita GDP, and the minimum wage accounts for 4 1% of per capita GDP.

Average Wage in China According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the minimum wage in China is 2 1% of the average wage.

The proportion of average wage in per capita GDP in developing countries is higher than that in developed countries, which is generally around 1 10%.

From 200/kloc-0 to 2007, the annual growth rate of the minimum wage (excluding inflation) was 3.8% in developed countries, 6.5% in developing countries and 5.7% in the world. During the period from 1995 to 2007, the average wage increased by 0.75 percentage points for every 1 percentage point increase in the world's per capita GDP.

Third, the distribution of social wealth and the gap between the rich and the poor.

Wealth distribution mainly examines the income situation of high-income and low-income groups, that is, the flow of social wealth, expressed as a percentage of total social income. This section analyzes the data of 134 countries (2005 data).

The income of the richest 20% people in the world accounts for 47% of the total social income on average. The lower the ratio, the smaller the gap between the rich and the poor, and the more harmonious the society. The 20 countries with the lowest ratio are (from low to high): Azerbaijan 30%, Slovakia 35%, Japan 36%, Denmark 36%, Czech Republic 36%, Sweden 37%, Belarus 37%, Finland 37%, Germany 37%, Norway 37%, Ukraine 37%, South Korea 38%, Croatia 38% and Austria. More than 47% of the countries are mostly African and South American countries. All industrialized countries are below the world average. The industrialized countries that are not among the above 20 countries are: Canada 40%, France 40%, Australia 4 1%, Switzerland 4 1%, Belgium 4 1%, Greece 42%, Ireland 42%, Italy 42%, Spain 42% and New Zealand 44. China accounts for 48%, one percentage point higher than the world average, and ranks 8 1 among 134 countries.

The income of the poorest 20% population in the world accounts for 6% of the total social income on average. The higher the ratio, the smaller the gap between the rich and the poor, and the more harmonious the society. The top 20 countries are (from high to low) Azerbaijan 13%, Japan 1 1%, Czech Republic 10%, Finland 10%, Norway 10% and Bangladesh 9. The vast majority of countries below 6% are African and South American countries. China's ratio is 5.7%, which is 0.3 percentage points lower than the world average, ranking 88th among 134 countries. Western industrialized countries except the United States are higher than China, accounting for 5.4%.

Statistics from the Ministry of Finance of China show that China 10% wealthy families account for 45% of the total property of urban residents, and the world figure is 31.7%; Families with the lowest income 10% account for 1.4% of the total property of urban residents, which is 2.5% in the world. There are only four countries where the richest 10% accounts for more than 45% of social wealth, namely Colombia 45.9%, Haiti 47.8%, Botswana 5 1% and Namibia 65%. The poorest 10% accounts for less than 1.4% of the social wealth of seven countries, namely Namibia 1.3%, Guatemala 1.3%, South Africa 1.3%. Paraguay 1. 1%, Brazil 1. 1%, El Salvador 1%, Lesotho 1%, Haiti 0.9%, Panama 0.8%, Colombia 0.8% and Honduras 0.7. The above figures show that if we only look at urban income, China is one of the countries with the biggest gap between the rich and the poor in the world.

Gini coefficient is used to describe the gap between the rich and the poor in a country in the world. A Gini coefficient below 0.2 is called a highly equal society, between 0.2 and 0.4 is called a low unequal society, and above 0.4 is called a highly unequal society.

In 2005, the average Gini coefficient of 134 countries was 0.40, and that of China was 0.42, ranking 83rd among 134 countries. The Gini coefficient of all industrialized countries is lower than that of China, Denmark, Japan, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Germany. Canada 0.33, France 0.33, Belgium 0.33, Switzerland 0.34, Ireland 0.34, Greece 0.34, Spain 0.35, Australia 0.35, Britain 0.36, Italy 0.36 and the United States 0.4 1. The 5 1 countries behind China are mostly African and South American countries.

In 2007, the average household consumption in the world accounted for 6 1% of GDP per capita, while that in China was 34%, about half of the world level.

The world usually divides the daily living expenses of $65,438+$0.25 into the abject poverty line and $2 into the poverty line. In 2005, the population below the absolute poverty line accounted for 20% and 49% of the total population in China. China is a poor country in the world.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The conclusion of the study of world wages.

Through the research on the wage system of 183 countries and regions in the world, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. The minimum wage is 58% of GDP per capita.

The basis of establishing a scientific wage system is to determine an appropriate minimum wage. The frame of reference of the minimum wage is the per capita GDP, and the minimum wage is 58% of the per capita GDP. Once the minimum wage standard is determined, it will naturally form the national average wage, which is generally twice the minimum wage standard.

The minimum wage should be adjusted once a year with reference to the growth of GDP or consumer price index. The minimum wage in France was adjusted from 66.7 yuan/hour in August of 200/kloc-0 to 88.20 yuan/hour in July of 2009, with an average annual increase of 4.03%. (Note: The working hours in France were adjusted from 169 hours per month in June 2005 to1510.67 hours. In contrast, the salary growth of French civil servants is slow. The minimum wage of civil servants in Paris rose from 1 1650 yuan/month in August 2008 to13,870 yuan/month in February 2009, with an average annual increase of 2.38%. The average gross income of middle-level civil servants increased from 1.992 to 1.02 in 2009, with an annual increase of 1.52%.

The salary of civil servants is twice the minimum wage.

Most countries in the world, especially industrialized countries, have adopted comparable wage system. Everyone's salary is comparable: compared with per capita GDP, compared with the minimum wage, compared with the average wage. All countries in the world (except China) have formulated a unified standard wage system for all public officials who eat imperial grain according to the market mechanism, and implemented equal pay for equal work. The wage gap between white-collar workers and blue-collar workers should not be too big, and the salary of civil servants should not exceed that of private enterprises. American law stipulates that civil servants have no right to raise their wages on their own, and must be approved by the people's representative offices; The salary standard of civil servants shall refer to private enterprises and shall not be higher than that of employees of the same rank in private enterprises in similar areas; The annual fine-tuning increase of civil servants' wages shall not exceed the wage cost index, and the increase of civil servants' wages must be less than that of private enterprises; Any salary change of civil servants should be reported to the people's congress for approval and publicity, and the salary increase should be made after publicity; The salary of all civil servants should be transparent, and all citizens can consult the salary standard of civil servants at any time.

The wage system in most countries in the world embodies the people-oriented concept. The salary of posts with high labor intensity and bad working environment is significantly higher than that of civil servants in air-conditioned offices. For example, in 2009, the salary of civil servants in Singapore was 235,475 yuan/year, while the salary of road piling workers ranked 100 was 286,848 yuan/year, and the salary of civil servants was not as high as that of road workers.

3. The wage gap between civil servants at all levels shall not exceed 60%.

There is little difference in the ranking of civil servants' salaries among countries in the world (except China), which is generally around 60%. For example, in 2003, the average monthly salary of French civil servants was 24,600 yuan/month, and the net salary after deducting various apportionment and taxes was 20,720 yuan/month. The net salary of senior civil servants is 24,620 yuan/month, that of intermediate civil servants is 17535 yuan/month, and that of ordinary civil servants is 15504 yuan/month. The salary of the highest class is 59% higher than that of the lowest class. The salaries of civil servants in different industries are basically balanced. For example, in Norway, diplomats are the highest paid and soldiers are the lowest paid. The maximum wage is only 20% higher than the minimum wage.

4. The wage difference between industries is 70%.

Generally speaking, the wage difference between industries in countries around the world (except China) is not more than double. In 2008, the wages of various industries in Norway were: oil and mining 608 17 yuan/month, financial securities 55779 yuan/month, electricity 47687 yuan/month, real estate 4442 1 month, national hospitals 4 1308 yuan/month, and social self-employed individuals 4/kloc. Public school staff is 40976 yuan/month, transportation is 40565438 yuan +04 yuan/month, manufacturing is 39393 yuan/month, private school is 39294 yuan/month, fishing is 38843 yuan/month, construction is 38273 yuan/month, wholesale and retail is 37096 yuan/month, and local civil servants are 35272 yuan/month. In 2008, the wages of various industries in Sweden were: 30,400 yuan/month for scientific research, 30,400 yuan/month for real estate, 30,300 yuan/month for education (24,400 yuan/month for basic education and 30,500 yuan/month for higher education), 29,400 yuan/month for construction, 28,900 yuan/month for government agencies and military police, and 2,765,400 yuan for financial insurance.

The salary of enterprise executives is 2.2 times the national average salary.

The salaries of corporate executives funded by governments all over the world are paid by civil servants, and their salary standards are basically the same as those of senior civil servants. In 2008, the national average salary in Norway was 40,047 yuan/month, the general manager and CEO was 63,353 yuan/month, the technical experts were 54,847 yuan/month, the technicians were 46,723 yuan/month, the employees were 3,397 yuan/month, the sales and service personnel were 3 yuan/month/month/month. The salary limit of French state-owned enterprise executives is very strict. The Ministry of Finance pays the total wages to enterprises every year, and the total wages of loss-making enterprises shall not be increased. Then the enterprise executives negotiate with the trade union with the total wages given by the Ministry of Finance, because all this is transparent, and the possibility of executives deducting wages is zero. Even in order to compromise, we have to take out our own wages to subsidize workers. France directly refers to the civil service system for the executive compensation level of public and monopoly companies, regardless of market factors. State-owned enterprises are owned by the people, so the chairman must be a civil servant, appointed by the Prime Minister, and implement the salary standard for civil servants. The general manager is recruited by the board of directors, and the salary standard is determined by the Ministry of Finance. No floating part, no annual salary system. Civil servants of the Ministry of Finance are not allowed to work in state-owned enterprises under their jurisdiction.

6. The influence of education on wages is limited.

Education has limited influence on wages, and the highest education salary is only 70% higher than the lowest education salary. For example, in 2008, the average monthly salary of Norwegian junior diploma employees was 32,760 yuan/month, that of intermediate diploma employees was 38,665,438 yuan/month, that of university diploma employees was 45,630 yuan/month, and that of employees with graduate education or above was 5,665,438 yuan/month. The ratio of the highest education salary to the lowest education salary is 1.

7. Age has little effect on salary.

Generally, the older you get, the higher your salary is, but this difference is not obvious. For example, in 2008, the age group receiving low wages in Sweden was 18-24 years old, and the salary of this age group was 22,000 yuan/month, while that of the age group receiving high wages was 60-64 years old, and the salary of this age group was 32,000 yuan/month. The salary of the senior group is only 45% higher than that of the younger group.

Six, China wage problems and reform suggestions.

The main problem of wages in China is that there is no wage system, especially the wages of state civil servants. Every time, it is quietly raised without the consent of the people, and the increase rate is twice that of GDP. This is unique in the world, because civil servants are employees of the people, and their wages must be recognized by the people before they can be legal. The wages of some state-owned monopoly enterprises are tens or hundreds times higher than the minimum wage, which makes the people's wealth drain to a few people and causes serious unfair distribution.

1. Wage statistics must cover all employees.

The National Bureau of Statistics only counts the salaries of people who eat imperial grain every year, and the coverage of salary statistics is less than 15% of that of employees, which is definitely a "China characteristic". The national average wage is announced every year, and people are angry that their wages have been "raised". Such statistics can only mislead decision makers to formulate unpopular policies.

Except for war-torn countries, almost all employees in the world are included in the wage statistics, including nannies, hairdressers in hair salons, vegetable washers in restaurants, waiters, freelancers and seasonal agricultural workers. There is a simple reason. Any laborer is the creator of national wealth. If they are not counted, it is indifference to them, which is equivalent to the immoral behavior of the country abandoning them and their parents.

Statistics is the guiding principle for formulating policies. The wage statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics must include the wages of all workers and salaried workers in People's Republic of China (PRC), so as to obtain real data. Otherwise, if only the salary of imperial grain is counted, the gap between the rich and the poor in China will become wider and wider, and the society will become more and more turbulent. A harmonious society can only be a slogan, and people will never be satisfied.

2. The national statutory minimum wage standard should be raised to 1 177 yuan/month.

We take Hebei Province, which ranked 1 1 in per capita GDP in 2008, as the sample (per capita GDP 19363 yuan). In 2008, the minimum wage in Hebei Province was divided into 680 yuan/month, 620 yuan/month, 560 yuan/month and 5 10 yuan/month. This report is consistent with other countries and regions in the world, with the lowest value of 5 10 yuan/month or 6 120 yuan/year, ranking first among 83 countries and regions in the world. In 2008, the salary of China Imperial Grain rose as high as 17.2%, almost twice the growth rate of GDP. The minimum wage in Tianjin and other provinces and cities has not been adjusted for nine years. Although some areas have adjusted the minimum wage, its increase is much lower than that of civil servants.

In 2009, China's per capita GDP ranked 99th in the world, but our minimum wage ranked 158. The minimum wage standard is obviously not commensurate with economic development. People have contributed to economic development, but they have not benefited from it.

In most countries in the world, wages account for 50% of enterprise costs, while in China, it is less than 10%. Because 85% of employees' wages are too low and have not been adjusted for many years, the proportion of employees' labor remuneration in national income in China has decreased year by year, while the proportion of capital return has increased year by year. The low minimum wage is the main reason for insufficient domestic demand.

The average minimum wage in the world is 58% of GDP per capita. At present, the minimum wage in China is only 25% of GDP per capita, less than half of the world standard. Therefore, the urgent task of China's wage problem is to adjust the minimum wage to the world average level, that is, 58% of the per capita GDP. In 2009, China's per capita GDP was US$ 3,566, about RMB 24,356, and the minimum wage in China should be RMB 65,438+RMB 0.465,438+RMB 0.26/year or RMB 65,438+RMB 0.77/month. This is the minimum wage standard stipulated by the state. All provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions may formulate local minimum wage standards according to local economic conditions, but they shall not be lower than the national statutory minimum wage standards.

Once the scientific, reasonable and internationally accepted minimum wage standard is determined, the average wage of private enterprises in China will naturally form, because enterprises tend to hire employees with the minimum wage standard. Research shows that the average wage is twice the minimum wage, that is to say, the average wage of all employees in China will fluctuate around 2354 yuan/month.

3. Establish a comparable salary system and an interest avoidance system for civil servants.

The wage level is relative and comparative, that is to say, the establishment of any wage system must first determine the reference system, that is, per capita GDP, minimum wage, and national average wage of employees. The average salary of civil servants in the world is roughly equivalent to the per capita GDP, which is the same as the average salary of employees in China and twice the minimum wage.

According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the average salary of civil servants in China in 2008 was 33,869 yuan/year, which was about six times the minimum wage. In contrast, it can be said that the salary of civil servants in China is the highest in the world. Because the salary of civil servants in most countries in the world is twice the minimum wage. Therefore, according to international practice, the salary standard of civil servants in China should be as follows: if the current minimum wage standard in China is 5 10 yuan/month, the salary of civil servants should be 1020 yuan/month; If the minimum wage is set at a reasonable 1 177 yuan/month, the salary of civil servants should be 2354 yuan/month. If officials do not accept the former standard, they should seriously consider the people's wages.

The state should formulate a wage law, which must embody the principle of equal pay for equal work between civil servants and private enterprises and civil servants, and the salary of civil servants should not be higher than that of private enterprises. Referring to the advanced experience of wage management in industrialized countries, the wage standard is determined by the wage base. The salary base is determined according to the level of deputy prime minister, deputy minister, deputy department, deputy department, clerk and clerk 12, and each level has a salary level of 10 * *120. Grade standards can be crossed and the salary base is fixed. The salary system must be transparent, and any citizen can check the salary standard of any civil servant.

When setting salary standards, we must abide by the interest avoidance system, and it is illegal for civil servants to raise their salaries. Any change in the wage standard must be approved by the National People's Congress before it can take effect.

4. The salary standard of public enterprises refers to the salary of civil servants.

The inter-industry wage gap of China government-invested enterprises is unique in the world. According to the report of China Youth Daily on May 5, 2009, among 14 listed banks, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, Minsheng Bank and China CITIC Bank have the highest per capita salaries, which are 456,200 yuan/year, 398,200 yuan/year and 346,654,380 yuan/year respectively, while ICBC, Bank of Communications and China Construction Bank have the lowest per capita salaries. The wages in China's construction, catering, textile and other industries are about 1000 yuan/year, and the wage gap between industries in China reaches 3000%, which is 43 times the world average!

In principle, employees of state-owned enterprises also belong to the category of civil servants, because state-owned assets belong to the people of the whole country, and the people employ some people to run these enterprises, which is the same as the nature of civil servants in government agencies. In foreign countries, anyone entrusted by the people to work for the people belongs to the category of civil servants. Therefore, the salary standard of public-owned enterprises must refer to the salary of civil servants, and they cannot rely on their monopoly position to pay sky-high wages and steal the wealth of the people in disguise. Li Rongrong, a sasac director, said: "Now the annual salary of senior executives in central enterprises is not high, and the average salary is around 600,000 yuan." This is China's problem. Officials always feel that their salary is not high, but this 600,000 is something that ordinary people can't earn in their lifetime.

The minimum wage in China is 25% of GDP per capita, and the world average is 58%. The minimum wage in China is 2 1% of the average wage, and the world average is 50%. The salary of civil servants in China is six times the minimum wage, and the world average is twice; China's state-owned enterprise executives' salary is 98 times the minimum wage, and the world average is 5 times. The industrial wage gap in China is as high as 3,000%, and the world average is 70%. These data warn the government that it must take action.

Socialist China has pulled out the gap between the rich and the poor that capitalist countries have been unable to pull out for hundreds of years in more than ten years, and has become one of the countries with the largest gap between the rich and the poor in the world. The train tracks are parallel, one is the dignitaries, the other is the people; In order to keep wages in line with international standards, we must connect the two tracks in parallel, and we cannot put the track of dignitaries on it and leave the track of the people in the same place. In this way, the China train will be unable to move forward.