First, the demand and constraints of urban spatial expansion

1, the demand of regional integration development

At present, the relationship between cities and regions is increasingly close, and the expansion of urban space is not only closely related to the development of the city itself, but also inextricably linked to the regions on which the city depends.

From the municipal level, Zhoushan, as a port city in the Yangtze River Delta region, has achieved rapid social and economic development under the impetus of the rapid development of the Yangtze River Delta. The construction of Zhoushan Continental Link Island Project, Hangzhou Bay Bridge, Donghai Bridge and other large-scale projects not only connected Zhoushan's land transportation links and realized Zhoushan's "Peninsula Dream", but also narrowed the distance between Zhoushan and the Yangtze River Delta region, especially Ningbo and Shanghai, and greatly improved the external transportation conditions, which brought new opportunities for Putuo District to give full play to its own advantages, develop tourism and integrate into the Yangtze River Delta. The development strategy of Zhoushan urban space "northern production, life in south, eastern tourism and green center" will have a great impact on the future urban spatial layout. Zhoushan's overall development strategy of "prospering the city with port and building a beautiful garden city on the sea" will become the guide for the development of Donggang.

From the district level, the formation of a new pattern of urban space in Putuo District and the development of Lujiazui Island and residential areas in the north of the city have broken the "coastal strip" development urban pattern determined in the original plan; The development of industrial parks with Puxi Industrial Park as the core and the development of tourism services in shenjiamen and Lujiazui Island have shifted the layout of urban industrial industries to the west, and at the same time, the layout of tourism service bases has also moved from centralization to relative decentralization. As an important area of construction land development in Putuo City, Donggang District has strong integrity and plasticity, and has the potential to build a new coastal city center in Putuo.

From the perspective of Donggang District, with the improvement of urban construction area in Putuo District, the completion of the administrative center and business center in the second phase of reclamation has laid a good foundation for the future development of Donggang.

2. Requirements of urban spatial expansion

Space is the carrier of urban development, and the economic activities of most cities will eventually be reflected in urban land space. As far as Donggang New District is concerned, the urban space has experienced a period of steady expansion, with the demand and trend of outward extension.

(1) Overall demand for spatial development

According to the zoning plan of Donggang District, the total land within the planning scope is 1 1.7 square kilometers, of which the land in Donggang City is 6.8 square kilometers.

At present, the construction in Donggang area includes seven villages on the hillside and along the mountain, and the first phase of reclamation project in donggang city, with a construction land area of about 2.0 square kilometers. The first phase of Donggang New District covers Wei Wu Road to Weijiu Road, as well as some blocks of hillside and Tangtou, with a planned total area of 65,438 0.83 square kilometers. The second phase of the project has basically formed part of the built-up area, including road network, living and living, administrative office, business, culture and entertainment, sports, medical care, education and other facilities; The long-term planning and construction mainly includes the planning of the second-phase construction land and the third-phase construction land. The second phase of construction land includes the section between Weijiu Road and Weishi Road, as well as other plots on the hillside and Tangtou, with a total area of 2.07 square kilometers. The third phase of construction land is the section between Wei 12th Road and Wei 15th Road, with a total area of 1.25 square kilometers.

(2) the space demand of residential land

According to the Zoning Plan of Donggang District, Putuo District, Zhoushan City (2005-2020), the total population of this planning area is about 6,543.8+200,000, including 6,543.8+200,000 in Donggang City, 8,000 in hillside area and 6,543.8+200,000 in Tangtou area. By 20 10, the current total population is 55,000, which is consistent with the planned recent population.

Residential land has become an important carrier of residential function in donggang city. In the future, the total residential land area of Donggang is 3,234,300 square meters, and the residential land accounts for 52.02% of the urban construction land in donggang city, including 253,900 square meters of commercial and residential land.

(3) The space demand of public service facilities.

Planning public facilities are arranged according to two levels: city and group, which is summarized as the structure of "one city center, five group centers". Center A refers to the central area located on the south side of the second phase, which integrates administrative office, culture and entertainment, commercial finance and tourism services. Five-group center refers to supporting public facilities located in five residential groups. Public facilities are mainly arranged in the blocks around the commercial center, mainly for business, recreation, tourism, hotel services and other facilities, forming a comprehensive business district around the central green space. A secondary commercial center will be formed near Lianhua Mountain in the north, and commercial and entertainment facilities will be arranged to serve the northern urban area of Donggang. Arrange a certain area of public facilities such as vegetable market, kindergarten, community service center and community hospital in the group center to meet the living needs of residents.

The business center of Donggang New District is located in the east of the central area and in the coastal area. It is the administrative center and commercial center of Putuo District. Its public service facilities include administrative office, mixed administrative and commercial land, commercial finance, cultural entertainment and medical and health land, with a land area of 48.76 hectares. The public service facilities of China Film Phase II play a role in improving the urban functions of Donggang New District, including middle schools, primary schools, hospitals, stadiums, long-distance bus stations, garbage transfer stations, bus stations, parking lots, farmers' markets, etc., with a land area of 12.52 hectares.

(4) The space demand of construction land in hillside area.

Although the hillside area is outside the scope of the overall urban planning and construction, it is the edge of the city. Should be unified analysis, overall development; Fully respect its natural terrain and environmental characteristics, and strive to create an urban environmental landscape that communicates with nature; At the same time, the planning and design aims to create a pleasant environment suitable for residents to live and work. At present, the land that can be better used in the hillside area of Donggang is about 1388500 square meters, and the land that has been used at present is about 44 1000 square meters.

Planning should fully consider the conditions and constraints of development within the scope of current planning, and at the same time reserve all possibilities of future development as far as possible, and use planning means to ensure all kinds of needs of future development from the aspects of road network structure, land use layout, resources and ecological protection. It is planned to determine the land scale of hillside land as 2173,400 square meters, including 764,200 square meters of planned residential land, accounting for 50% of the total land for hillside construction. The planned first-class residential land is 548,600 square meters, and the planned second-class residential land is 265,438 million +0.000 square meters; Planning land for urban public facilities 12 1 10,000 square meters. 8.84% of the total land for mountain construction; The planned green area is 20. 1 1 10,000 square meters, accounting for 14.69% of the total urban construction land in hillside areas.

3. Constraints and breakthroughs of natural geographical environment

The natural topography of Zhoushan Island greatly restricts the expansion of urban construction land, and the plot is limited by natural conditions from northwest to southeast, showing a strip shape, which has the defect of low utilization efficiency of infrastructure. The supply of land is not only limited by topographic conditions, but also by meteorological conditions. Perennial strong winds and storm surges will adversely affect the use of coastline to arrange natural ships to dock at ports and docks in this region. The coastline is about 20 degrees west of south, and the best building orientation is north-south. Therefore, the best architectural orientation in this area is by the sea rather than by the sea. Increase the technical difficulty of coastal architectural landscape organization and seascape residential area development; Compared with the coastlines of other islands, it has no advantage in developing marine recreation, and has the conditions for reclamation and the development of north-south residential groups.

There is a shortage of land resources in Putuo District. Under the national macro-control policy, land reclamation in donggang city will break through the constraints of land policy, alleviate the space shortage and the contradiction between supply and demand of construction land, and provide development space for urban development. After land reclamation in donggang city, a deep-water coastline along the dike can be formed along the coast, which has the advantage of being close to the mountain and hydrophilic, creating conditions for the diversified development of coastal cities.

Therefore, how to integrate and optimize urban resources, make rational and effective use of the limited space resources in Donggang New District, and actively use and create surrounding land suitable for construction while meeting the construction requirements of the new district constitutes the basic starting point for determining the spatial layout strategy.

Second, the urban spatial development model

1, development ideas

(1) meets new functions.

Give full consideration to the environmental conditions for the development of Donggang District, and tap and make full use of the core space resources such as mountains and seashores and the tourism resources of Putuo Mountain, a Buddhist country near the sea. Guided by the development of tourism in Putuo District and the construction of comprehensive service centers for administration, commerce, culture and sports, medical care, education and residence, the development and construction of Donggang District will be combined with the expansion of Putuo's urban functions to build a new coastal city with international standards and vitality.

(2) elastic layout of extended bearing

Follow the principle of "being beneficial to the long-term development of the city" and adopt the "group-type" spatial model to form an elastic land layout and an organic growth model, so as to adapt to the construction characteristics of Donggang's phased reclamation development, meet the demand and conform to the market. Pay attention to the continuity of Donggang District's development and let the city grow organically.

⑶ Follow ecological principles.

Planning first follows nature and ecology. The western part of Donggang area is close to mountains and gullies are developed; Binhai in the east, facing Putuo Mountain Scenic Area across the mountain, has a good view. Planning implements the guiding ideology and layout principles of ecological orientation in water system layout, green space layout and land development.

⑷ Create personalized urban landscape.

Planning makes full use of coastal resources and uses urban design and layout techniques to create a multi-level and rich urban landscape. Through the layout of central square and central park, create more coastal areas, increase the development area of urban land space with high landscape value and enhance land value; Through the planning and layout of "wedge-shaped green space", strengthen the landscape connection of "sea, city and mountain" and form a landscape corridor; Planning to arrange public buildings with high artistic taste along the seashore, so as to display urban architectural art and enrich the seashore landscape; Preserve the natural interface between mountains and seas before reclamation, build public green space, protect ecology, provide green open space and meet functional requirements.

2. Stereo structure

"One heart, two axes, three areas and multiple groups". "One Heart" refers to the public facilities center located in donggang city; "Two axes" refers to the two urban development axes located in Jingyi Road and Jinger Road; "Three Districts" refers to three planned construction areas in the planning area, including donggang city, Shanpo and Tangtou. "Multi-group" refers to multiple functional groups in the "Three Districts", including five in Donggang City, three in Shanpo District and Tangtou 1.

Functional orientation and spatial development model

Donggang New District, as a modern, ecological and island-type multifunctional coastal new city integrating administration, culture, sports center, commercial sub-center and tourism service base, adopts a "group-like" spatial structure mode to continue to play the radiation role of the central city and Binhai New Area, alleviate the contradiction between living and transportation in the old city and effectively attract foreign population; Accelerate the promotion and improvement of urban infrastructure and public service facilities, and carry out land transfer and regional construction in an orderly manner; Highlight the landscape elements of modern coastal cities, create a boutique image of the core area of the new city, and create a livable urban environment; Focus on the planning and construction of the core business district of landscape lake, do a good job in the preliminary work such as detailed planning of hillside areas and resettlement of indigenous people in different places, and basically form Zhoushan's urban function as an important tourism service base and one of the business core areas.

3. Road system

National Highway 329 passes through the city center, east to Zhujiajian Island Island and west to the roundabout highway; There are two roads connecting shenjiamen in the south of the city; Luo Tang Highway in the north is connected with the industrial zone in the north of the island.

With the northward expansion of donggang city, two exits need to be added in the north-central part of Donggang, one is the road from Tangtou to the northern reclamation industrial zone, and a mountain tunnel is reserved on the north side of Tangtou Village to connect with the highway around the island; The other is the connecting line between Hailian Road and the highway around the island.

Zhujiajian Island Island Bridge will be built on the double track, and the traffic links with urban agglomerations such as the northern reclamation area of donggang city and Zhoushan Island will be strengthened through the expressway around the island.

In Tangtou, the red line of the southern section of Luo Tang Highway in the planning area is 18m, and the red lines of the middle and northern sections are 12m and 10m respectively.

The sea cruise route between donggang city and Putuo Mountain, a "Haitian Buddha Country", is as follows: the cruise terminal is arranged on the edge of the central area, and the fishing port terminal is arranged on the south side of Qilin Mountain.

Hailian Road in the western border of the planning scope is an important traffic trunk road, and the other two north-south trunk roads, Jinger Road and Jingsan Road, have the functions of living and landscape respectively. The highway connecting line around the island connected with weft 1 1 road is an important external traffic road in Donggang area. Weft 10, weft10, weft 12 and weft 13 in the east-west direction are important east-west connecting roads respectively.

Third, spatial strategic support.

1, accelerate the development of urban pillar industries

With the expansion of the construction scale of Donggang, the construction of business center, cultural center and commercial facilities in the area and the coordinated development with the surrounding areas will become a vibrant urban area in Putuo District. The planning will make use of the location characteristics of the coastline, Mount Putuo and Zhujiajian Island Island scenic spots to develop various forms of transportation links. As a tourist service area, Donggang should accelerate the development of the tertiary industry, with real estate, tourism and business services as its pillar industries.

Tourism is the most competitive industry in Putuo District. According to the idea of "establishing the concept of grand tourism, integrating the advantages of resources, perfecting the tourism pattern, optimizing the tourism routes and improving the tourism grade of Putuo". In the future, the number of tourists and tourism taste will be greatly improved. It is required to improve the quantity and quality of regional tourism transportation facilities, service facilities and other corresponding facilities.

A large number of people gathered to move in, and the pressure of life in the old city was great, and the resident population quickly spread to donggang city. The construction of high-quality residential quarters is the most popular pursuit at present, and real estate development will become the most important economic growth point of the new district, and also lay the foundation for forming a certain atmosphere of commercial service industry in the future.

2. The development of urban public space.

Urban public space is the place of civil social life, the essence of urban material environment, the carrier of multiculturalism and the source of unique charm. The overall quality of public space construction directly affects the comprehensive competitiveness of the city and public satisfaction. Therefore, urban decision makers, builders and users pay special attention to it.

All kinds of public spaces carry many functions such as transportation, communication, rest, walking, sightseeing, fitness, entertainment, catering, exhibition, education, festivals and so on. Donggang New District will build urban public spaces such as Grand Theatre, Gymnasium, Park, Civic Square, Youth Activity Center and Neihu Business Circle, as well as pedestrian commercial street, pedestrian cultural street and pedestrian leisure street, and set up perfect service facilities in the pedestrian street area; Allocate enough public parking lots, closely connect the public space of the whole new district, fully embody and give play to its openness, integration and communication, and improve the quality of life in Donggang New District; And consider neighborhood and community activities, properly develop or keep a compact small-scale and multifunctional mixed commercial and residential pedestrian community, so that people and activities are relatively concentrated and maintain a large density, which will certainly accumulate popularity and be full of vitality.

3. Create a characteristic coastal charming city.

Donggang city is surrounded by mountains and faces the sea. After reclamation, a deep-water coastline along the dike can be formed along the coast, which has the advantage of being close to the mountain and hydrophilic, creating conditions for the diversified development of coastal cities. In urban construction, we should pay attention to image and space shaping, create a unique coastal city, and make it a city business card with unique island customs and coastal charm.

The urban environment of Donggang District is a special part of the city, and it is a place to reflect the urban characteristics with marine temperament and show the urban style. In environmental development and construction, we should strengthen the study of space and landscape to form a distinctive environment and a beautiful city image.

While introducing business, culture, science and technology, sports and fitness activities, Donggang New District plans the overall urban landscape and creates a distinctive and vibrant urban landscape. Pay attention to the treatment of landscape nodes, coastal coastline, mountain landscape and landmark buildings to form a unique urban "landmark" landscape; Through spatial organization, a fascinating public activity place will be formed, which will radiate outward through various paths such as planned green corridors, pedestrian systems and public activity corridors, and form a whole with peripheral scenic spots and functional areas, thus improving the quality of the whole city and its internal relations.