Born in a martial arts family
He Long's becoming a martial arts master is inseparable from his family background. Grandpa He is a student of martial arts, and he is called Hengshan Gong. Father Hu Shidao is also skilled in martial arts. At the age of 9, He Long took his uncle He Shiyuan, who is also a martial arts master, as his teacher. He Long also studied in his private school when he was a teenager, but he dropped out of school and went home at the age of 13. Besides helping my father, I practice martial arts all the time by myself. Men in Hongjiaguan, their hometown, generally practice martial arts from childhood, boys generally learn martial arts in their teens, and adults also know martial arts. Adults and children practice martial arts every morning and evening. In the slack season, it is time for men to concentrate on practicing martial arts. In the process of learning martial arts from them, He Long, a little boy, worked very hard and practiced assiduously, and really practiced in winter and summer. Due to diligence and hard work, He Long was strong and flexible in his teens, and jumped as fast as lightning. But He Long was not satisfied. In order to improve his martial arts, he is not afraid of mountains and roads. He often runs far away hungry and asks martial arts experts for advice. Among the young people in Hongjiaguan, He Long is skilled in martial arts, such as long fist, bunt, broadsword, pike, dagger, fencing, sticks and other cold weapons. No one is older than him!
He Long's father and uncle, forced by life, go to other places to sell salt during the slack season and often take He Long with them. At that time, the society was very chaotic, bandits were everywhere, and officers and men were rampant. People who took a long way to do small business often met bandits who robbed the road to extort money from officers and men. Because my father, uncle and He Long all have good martial arts, they can calmly deal with the robbery of bandits and the extortion of officers and men along the way. He Long also saw the darkness of society at that time in the process of breaking into the world, and learned a sense of justice from his parents.
/kloc-at the age of 0/3, He Long began to drive mules to Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou to sell salt for a living. In the process, he stood up when Lu Yu was unfair. /kloc-When he was 0/7 years old, he was selling salt and passed by Hefeng. He saw Zhuang Ding, a rich man with a gun, beating a poor man who could not afford the rent of the rich man's house. The beaten man screamed and even called for help, and the onlookers dared not take care of it. Zhuang Ding, who had a gun, finally forcibly robbed the poor family of the last bag of food. He Long stood up and argued with Zhuang Ding, who had a gun. When Zhuang Ding saw that He Long was a stranger and alone, he swore and hit He Long with the butt of his gun. He Long crouched down, dodging the smashed butt, and his legs swept away. The Zhuangding instantly fell to the ground, chewed up the mud, and the gun fell to the side. When He Long squatted down, he picked up a stone, stood up and threw it at Zhuang Ding. The stone hit Zhuang Ding's temple accurately and died. He Long returned the food to the poor, picked up Zhuang Ding's gun and carried it on his shoulder. Seeing Zhuang Ding killed, the poor man was very scared. He said to He Long, "Son, if you kill him, you can run away with me, but what can I do?" They want to settle accounts with me. " He Long calmly replied: "It doesn't matter, just say it's a mule of Sangzhi, Hunan." He Long turned to the crowd and said, "My name is He Long. I am from Hongjiaguan, Sangzhi County. Please give me a proof and tell the rich man that I killed him. I live in Hongjiaguan, Sangzhi, and ask them to come to Sangzhi to settle accounts with me in He Long. " Say that finish, He Long took off the gun and put it on the mule saddle, mounted the mule and left calmly. He Long's superb martial arts and sense of justice make young people in Hongjiaguan admire him from the heart, and they are all willing to gather around him and listen to his command.
Double-knife crushing salt and tax bureau
The Revolution of 1911 deeply influenced He Long. He has the revolutionary thought of pursuing truth and transforming society. After the Revolution of 1911, due to the rule of warlords, the society remained turbulent and dark. 19 14 years, 18 years old He Long joined the revolutionary party led by Sun Yat-sen, 19 16 years, Cai E organized a national defense force against Yuan, which was large in scale and spread all over the country. He Long accepted the instructions of the revolutionary party and organized armed forces in Shimen County and other places. He Long, who was only 20 years old, organized more than 20 young farmers to gather around him in his hometown and pulled up a team, but he had no weapons in his hand. When he heard that the tax police of Bamaoxi Salt and Taxation Bureau had just equipped 12 foreign guns, he decided to smash the salt and taxation bureau, take those foreign guns away and take it out on the local people. It turns out that in the process of selling salt, local people are often angry with the Salt and Tax Bureau. This salt and tax bureau is located at the junction of Sangzhi and Hefeng. Because it is located in the traffic artery and there are many merchants passing by, the Salt and Taxation Bureau has a lot of "oil and water". In addition to the salt tax set by the local government, they have to add some salt tax to enrich themselves. Generally, if they can't pay the tax, they will detain the goods. In addition, after paying taxes, they have to be given some more money before they are released. Salt sellers hate this salt tax bureau. After the anti-Yuan movement in Cai E, the local people also accumulated a revolutionary force. In order to prevent the people from rebelling, the Salt and Taxation Bureau specially requested to equip 12 foreign guns. This was a powerful weapon in the local area at that time. But he wanted to smash the salt and tax bureau for a gun for a long time, but he didn't have a gun in his hand. He took two kitchen knives and led more than 20 people to smash the Salt and Tax Bureau.
/KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/6 On the evening of March/KOOC-0/6, He Long led the crowd to Bamaoxi. He Long, who practiced martial arts, kicked the iron gate of the Salt and Tax Bureau with one foot. He Long and three other young people who had practiced martial arts shouldered the door sideways and broke into houses. Jiang Yuqing, the captain of the salt police, who also practiced martial arts, jumped out of the bedroom, took an eyebrow piercing stick and swung it at He Long, but He Long dodged. Then enter the body and cut it with a vegetable knife. Cut off Jiang's head with one knife and took eight muskets from the living room. He Long turned and pounced on the stairs. Four soldiers and policemen upstairs hurriedly pulled up the ladder and smashed it with wooden chairs. He Long dodged the chair, stood on the shoulder of a companion, grabbed the floor with both hands and jumped upstairs. When the enemy soldiers saw He Long's outcrop, they greeted him with a chair. He Long pushed the chair aside with his arm, leaned over and waved a knife, cut off an enemy's calf, grabbed the entrance of the building again, jumped into the building, jumped in front of a tax policeman, and hacked to death with a knife. The other party was scared and quickly surrendered the gun. The battle was over in just a few minutes. He Long seized 12 foreign guns with two kitchen knives. On the way back, more than 20 people, including He Long, conveniently handed over several guns of a rich man. Based on these men and guns, He Long raised the banner of "Xiangxi Independent Army", and the team quickly developed to more than 300 people. With martial arts and courage, He Long spread the story of pulling up the revolutionary ranks with two kitchen knives. Even Mao Zedong knew this story, and he used it to encourage officers and men to say, "He Long started with two kitchen knives, and now he is a commander, bringing out an army. We have more than two kitchen knives now. We already have two battalions. Are we afraid we can't do it? "
Advocate martial arts in the army
He Long took part in the revolutionary struggle led by China's * * * Party, and his views on Wushu changed. He took martial arts as a kind of training for the troops he led, with the aim of making soldiers master higher enemy killing skills and make greater contributions to the China Revolution.
After the August 1st Nanchang Uprising, He Long always asked his soldiers to practice martial arts when leading troops. He attached great importance to excavating martial arts skills from the people and popularizing them among soldiers. He often teaches soldiers to practice martial arts himself. In He Long's army, martial arts became a common practice. Soldiers from all directions, many of whom have practiced martial arts, brought different martial arts schools from all over the country to the army to teach and learn from each other.
However, He Long didn't just focus on excavating folk martial arts. He combined the characteristics of modern warfare, especially in the case of guns, machine guns and other weapons, and studied how folk martial arts were applied to modern warfare. At that time, the Red Army was backward in weapons and equipment and lacked ammunition. If you want to defeat the enemy, you often need melee and night fighting. This makes martial arts come in handy. He Long encouraged the soldiers to explore how to use martial arts when fighting the enemy in their usual training. When attacking a city, how to use the tricks in martial arts can make soldiers climb the city at the fastest speed; How to run fast and flexibly when charging, especially applying some climbing and intelligent kung fu in folk martial arts to combat, will dig out valuable things in traditional martial arts, serve the revolutionary war and give new meaning to traditional martial arts.
At the same time, He Long realized that in the war with guns, it is not enough to use only the martial arts of cold weapons, but also to master the military martial arts of using long and short guns. He Long often carries a pistol with him, full of bullets. As soon as he has time, he practices the combination of boxing routines and shooting, quickly pulls out the shot put in the blink of an eye and jumps, and practices the accuracy of his turn and shooting. It can be said that this is an innovation that He Long combined traditional martial arts with military martial arts during the war years. This combination of traditional martial arts and modern weapons has improved He Long's ability to kill the enemy in battle. At the same time, he has been practicing martial arts alert and flexible, with a good kung fu, jumping up and down, flashing and prancing, so that although he has been through many battles, he has never been injured by bullets and shells. Because He Long strictly required soldiers to keep training and practicing martial arts for a long time, the troops he led were very effective. 1September, 937, He Long led 120 division's main force to cross the Yellow River eastward and set an ambush at Yanmenguan. In the case that the enemy's weapons and equipment were dominant, more than 0/00 Japanese transport vehicles were destroyed, more than 500 enemies were killed and Yanmenguan was recovered.
From 65438 to 0949, He Long served as an important leader of the southwest party, government and army. During the period, when the troops were resting, He Long organized soldiers to carry out martial arts training and performances, including traditional martial arts and military tactics. Many cadres and soldiers showed high martial arts and military skills in the activities, which were very practical and ornamental, and the soldiers liked them very much. Some companies put forward that the leading organs of higher-level troops send comrades who perform martial arts to the company for guidance, while others want to continue to watch martial arts performances. In this case, He Long organized a martial arts team. This martial arts team is composed of people with strong traditional martial arts and military tactics, and they are basically martial arts masters and sharpshooters. They won't leave the army to fight and train. When the troops were resting, they got together and went down to the company to perform for the soldiers. At the same time, they guide soldiers to train and teach them to improve their military tactics.
Despite the hard work, the comrades of the Wushu team love this sport very much and have high enthusiasm. During the performance and training, they excavated many routines and tricks of China traditional martial arts, combined with actual combat, compiled many fast and accurate skills of shooting with firearms, and mastered all kinds of military equipment very skillfully. In the next military performance, they also humbly learned from the soldiers, combined martial arts with the actual combat experience accumulated by the soldiers in the battle, and created many new tactics closely combined with actual combat.
In 1950s and 1960s, He Long first advocated that the army should hold a grand meeting, which actually continued his tradition of strictly requiring soldiers to carry out military martial arts training during the war years. His suggestion was also adopted by the Central Military Commission.
Open up martial arts
65438-0953 He Long continued to promote traditional Wushu after becoming the director of the State Sports Commission. He realized from his own experience and people's love for China's traditional martial arts that China's traditional martial arts is a very good fitness exercise, which not only contains profound martial arts culture, but also does not need a large venue for practicing martial arts, with little investment in the early stage. As long as there is a small clearing, you can practice it. More importantly, the people of China are particularly fond of martial arts, and not only young people practice martial arts, but also old people and children. Therefore, the development of Wushu in China is very necessary and has a mass base.
However, the development of Wushu in New China is also facing many difficulties, and there is a lot of work to be done. Due to the long-term war in China, traditional Wushu has been greatly destroyed. Many martial arts routines in history have been lost, and some have left "fragments" of several tricks. Dig, repair, rebuild and work hard. First of all, we should find some descendants of folk Wushu routines. If you really can't find it, look for clues from historical records and hidden folk oral information and sort it out.
In order to develop and popularize Wushu, a traditional sport, He Long is determined to solve this problem. To this end, he determined the eight-character policy of "developing, sorting out, improving and popularizing".
Development is the development of traditional Wushu in China, which can't be ignored, and should be taken as a national fitness exercise. There is another meaning of development, that is, to explore the traditional Wushu existing among the people, no matter what genre or routine, so that the traditional Wushu in China can develop greatly.
Finishing is to sort out all kinds of martial arts on the basis of extensive excavation, remove things with feudal superstition and other dross, and maintain and develop their true essence; It is also necessary to use modern sports knowledge to transform it, so that it is suitable for people to learn and master, and can achieve the purpose of exercising.
Improvement is to innovate the routines and tricks of Wushu on the basis of excavation and arrangement, form new routines and tricks that are easier for people to master, and improve competitiveness, appreciation and scientificity.
Promotion means promoting Wushu to the whole people on the basis of development, consolidation and improvement, and doing all kinds of promotion work well to make Wushu a favorite sport for the elderly, middle-aged people and teenagers.
He Long's eight-character policy conforms to the development law of traditional Wushu in China and is full of dialectics, which has become the guiding ideology of the State Sports Commission to develop traditional Wushu in China.
Considering the fitness effect of Wushu, He Long intends to list China traditional Wushu as a sport. His plan is divided into two steps: the first step is to incorporate China traditional martial arts into China sports; The second step is to let the world sports community recognize China's traditional Wushu and bring it into the world sports world. He Long believes that the key to these two steps is to take the first step. The first step is good. Wushu, as a sport, is widely developed in China, which will definitely affect the world and finally be recognized by the world sports community.
However, it is not easy to take the first step. At that time, many comrades didn't know about China's traditional Wushu as a sport, and thought it was incompatible with international sports events. The international community has not listed it as a competition, but we have devoted all our energy to the traditional martial arts in China. As a result, China can only do it himself, but he can't enter the world sports arena. Some comrades think that there are many ostentatious things in China traditional martial arts, which are just tricks of drug dealers, and there are many feudal superstitions in martial arts. If we develop folk Wushu carelessly, it will be harmful to the masses. Some comrades are afraid of difficulties. They think that most of the traditional martial arts in China are hidden among the people, and their doors are often closed. They are handed down from generation to generation, and their mentoring is in the same strain, which is very mysterious and difficult for us to dig out. In response to the understanding of these comrades, He Long always patiently preached the truth that the essence contained in China's traditional martial arts is a treasure accumulated by China for thousands of years. Developing China traditional Wushu is of great benefit to people's physical fitness. After repeated propaganda by He Long, many comrades gave up their worries and turned to support the development of Wushu.
There is still much work to be done to list Wushu as a sport in China. For example, which martial arts should be included in sports first, how to make rules, how to compete, how to score, etc., all need to start from scratch, which takes time. Besides, there were still a lot of traditional martial arts in China at that time. In this case, He Long has considered such a plan: First, it can put the mature and popular traditional martial arts types in China to perform at the sports meeting. This has several advantages. First of all, it can promote China traditional martial arts in public places. Second, we can further look for the rules of Wushu competition in the performance, laying the foundation for the next step of establishing competition norms; Third, active sports venues, so that the audience has a refreshing feeling; Fourth, it can be publicized to foreigners attending the China Sports Conference; Fifth, we can encourage the martial arts descendants hidden in the folk to present the types and routines handed down by the sects.
At the suggestion of He Long, China traditional Wushu was finally advocated by the State Sports Commission as a performance item in sports competitions. At that time, no matter what level of sports meeting was held in all parts of the country, martial arts performances were arranged at the conference. For a time, various Wushu routines appeared one after another, which was welcomed by the audience and increased the appreciation of the sports meeting.
Popularize martial arts for all.
He Long has been focusing on popularizing martial arts to the public. How to popularize Wushu to the public? He Long believes that the most important link is to simplify Wushu so that ordinary people can learn and master it easily. So under his organization, the State Sports Commission created simplified Tai Ji Chuan, Changquan and other martial arts routines, and then organized the whole people to learn. In these two martial arts routines, He Long pays more attention to simplifying Tai Ji Chuan. He believes that this set of martial arts routines has obvious fitness effect and is easy to learn. At his suggestion, the sports commissions at all levels should first train and simplify the backbone of Tai Ji Chuan, and then return to their own units to teach cadres and workers to learn. At that time, the simplified Tai Ji Chuan routine was printed into maps at the expense of the state and distributed to factories, villages, institutions and schools. It is also posted on billboards, billboards and eye-catching positions in the streets of various units for the masses to watch and practice at any time. It is in this atmosphere that many people have learned to simplify Tai Ji Chuan and achieved fitness results. On this basis, He Long proposed to further simplify some other martial arts routines, including some martial arts routines with instruments, in order to better popularize them among the people. According to this opinion, the State Sports Commission has made efforts to simplify and popularize Taijiquan and Tongbi Boxing.
In order to promote China traditional Wushu, He Long advocated holding a national Wushu performance conference. Such a conference should gather national martial arts masters and various martial arts schools; The press conference is not only a performance, but also a competition. According to this opinion, led by the State Sports Commission and supported by the Tianjin Municipal Committee, the first national sports performance and competition conference was held in Tianjin from1October 8th to June 2nd, 1953+ 165438.
At the meeting, various martial arts schools were brilliant, and many martial arts that were once thought to be lost also appeared in succession. Especially some young Wushu athletes, full of energy and superb skills, make people see the great vitality of China traditional Wushu. In Wushu competitions, some rules have also been improved.
However, through this martial arts conference, He Long also found some problems, that is, when some local organizations organized martial arts groups, some reactionary leaders mixed in, which changed the taste of individual events in the martial arts conference. In this regard, He Long specially sought the leading comrades of the State Sports Commission and the comrades of the General Association of Organizations to express their opinions on this issue. He said: "The traditional folk Wushu routines are very good, not only for Han people, but also for ethnic minorities. Need to work hard to dig. For example, a Baoshan can't be excavated until the situation proves. This is the first thing to do; Whether it is genuine or fake, we should make great efforts to eliminate and sort out those things that violate science, open people's eyes, restore their inherent health, make them conform to scientific principles, be easy to master, and achieve the effect of strengthening the body. This is a very important second thing ... some feudal things in national sports should be rejected, which is not conducive to strengthening people's physique. What we want is real kung fu, which is good for people's physical quality. The research and arrangement of martial arts should be limited to a certain department and need to be led by people who really understand martial arts and have a certain scientific level. " He Long made a serious criticism on the existing problems at this Wushu meeting. He is particularly disgusted with some feudal things such as burning incense and kowtowing in martial arts schools. He said that if these things are discovered, they must be stopped; Let Wushu truly become a healthy thing that can be loved by the masses and easy to master; Only truly healthy and beneficial martial arts can be beneficial to people's health. In the future, the Wulin Congress will never allow those groups with feudal superstitions to come in, let alone guild doors.
Today, China's traditional Wushu has made great progress, and it is attracting the attention of people in the world sports field, many of which will be listed as Olympic events. Looking back, China's traditional Wushu has made such achievements today, which contains He Long's painstaking efforts in those years.