1. X-leg and O-leg caused by vitamin D deficiency, malnutrition, rickets sequelae, etc. Except for very serious deformities that need medical correction, others can be corrected or compensated by exercise. Specific methods:

1, leg press action: Straight leg press and lateral leg press are usually adopted.

2. Kicking exercise: kick the O-leg outside the calf; X-leg kicks on the calf.

3. Leg-clamping exercise: the feet, ankles and knees are clamped together at the same time, and then relax after a few minutes. Then repeat your usual walking posture and pay attention to your posture.

Second, the treatment of "X-leg" (genu valgus)

Knee valgus refers to knee valgus and femoral joint valgus. The vertical arch of children's feet is not perfect, and the arch is flat and slightly everted. Developmental genu valgus exists in children aged 2-6 years, and mild to moderate valgus is a normal physiological phenomenon. If the genu valgus is obvious, the child walks clumsily, the knee rubs when walking (genu valgus is also called knee joint disease), and the feet are separated. A sick child may swing one leg along the other leg to prevent knee collision. Sick children are prone to fatigue, and their toes tilt inward, so that the center of gravity of the body falls on the center of the sole, that is, the second metatarsal bone. If the triceps and iliotibial tract of the calf contract, the toes tend to the outside, and the pain often occurs in the back of the calf or the front of the thigh. Severe genu valgus, disorder of quadriceps femoris muscle line arrangement, lateral patellar slippage. Children with genu valgus have less physical activity and are usually obese. Abnormal weight-bearing relationship will lengthen the medial collateral ligament of knee joint and sometimes lead to degenerative arthritis. The lateral force of the knee is large, and the femoral joint is inclined outward.

95% of children aged 2 ~ 6 who receive developmental genu valgus treatment will correct themselves without treatment. Especially for sick children whose toes are inward when walking, it is easier to correct themselves. If the contraction of iliotibial tract or triceps brachii is the force to produce deformity, passive functional exercise should be carried out to lengthen it and correct the deformity.

Sometimes genu valgus persists and cannot be corrected by itself; Deformity develops at least years later, and gradually worsens in adolescence. These children have genu valgus and foot pronation, and their center of gravity falls on the inside of the first metatarsal of their feet. In order to prevent foot fatigue, the vertical arch of the foot or the wedge on the inner side of the foot can be used to cushion the height of 3 ~ 5 mm, and the middle of the sole can be made into a slightly elastic orthopedic shoes, which can also improve toe deflection.

Severe genu valgus, especially obese children under 8 years old and pathological genu valgus, can be used with genu valgus orthosis during the day to protect the knee joint, prevent ligament instability, and prevent weight compression of the lateral epiphysis of distal femur and proximal tibia. Orthopedics is only used for 1-2 years, and should not be used at night when there is no load. When the treatment is ineffective, surgery is needed and the school age is appropriate. When the medial malleolus distance is greater than 10cm, consider surgery.

Surgical treatment If the epiphysis of the sick child still has enough growth trend, the feasible method is to block the medial epiphyseal plate of the distal femur or the proximal tibia or inhibit the growth. However, due to some difficulties in measuring the growth rate of epiphysis, large individual differences, many surgical complications and unpredictable curative effect, this operation is rarely used in clinic.

The advantage of osteotomy is that it can completely correct the deformity at one time. Most cases were treated with varus osteotomy of distal femur or V-shaped osteotomy of distal femur. Simple operation. The curative effect is exact. Severe deformity should prevent common peroneal nerve injury.

Operation method: valgus deformity of knee joint is often accompanied by upward and lateral inclination of knee joint force line in front and back plane. If the inclination is > 10 degree and the valgus angle is > 12 degree ~ 15 degree, the distal femur should be osteotomy, which can not only correct the inclination of the knee joint at the same time, but also prevent the proximal tibia from shifting laterally. The operation can take a longitudinal incision in the medial femur, extending from the knee joint horizontally to the proximal end 10 ~ 15 cm. Cut the subcutaneous tissue and fascia of the skin. Dissect the medial femoral muscle from the medial space and pull it outward to expose the metaphyseal end and epiphysis. X-ray monitoring was used during the operation, and the axis of knee joint was determined first. If necessary, cut the knee joint and put a guide wire from the inside out. The guide wire runs through the joint and is parallel to the articular surface of the distal femur. Then, according to the measured valgus angle, wedge osteotomy was performed at a distance of 2 ~ 2.5 cm from the articular surface, and the compressed osteotomy surface should be parallel to the intra-articular guide wire. After the correction of valgus deformity was confirmed (the continuity of a small part of the cortex outside the femur can be maintained after operation, and the rotation of the femur should be prevented), Coba steel plate and screws were used for internal fixation. The incision was stitched layer by layer. Postoperative plaster fixation. Generally, after 6 weeks of osteotomy, the plaster was taken out, the knee joint function was exercised, and the lower limbs gradually walked with weight.

V-shaped osteotomy of the distal femur, through the anterior medial femoral incision, through the medial femoral muscle. Pay attention to push the suprapatellar capsule downward to expose the lower end of femur, and make an inverted V-shaped osteotomy on the femoral epiphyseal plate. Protect the posterior cortex when cutting. After amputation, insert the tip of the V-shaped osteotomy into the cortex at the distal end of the osteotomy to prevent the distal end from turning backwards and shifting. When the osteotomy end is inserted,