I had already written it, so I found a few fans who had no fitness foundation to read it in advance. Generally speaking, it is "brain burning", and the information is too large, so I still divide it into two parts. Muscles, bones and joints will be put in tomorrow's article.

It's not that hard to understand. I have tried my best to write in an easy-to-understand way, giving many examples. It's not that difficult to read. When I first learned these things, I read all the professional literature, which was difficult to understand, but I taught myself. Learning is much more difficult than this, and these basic contents also need to be understood. It is suggested to collect it first, read it several times and read it a hundred times to see what it means ~

Usually when we describe a certain part of the body, we will divide the body into front and back, up and down, left and right. Let's "sublimate" ~

Usually in the standard anatomical posture, that is, the body is upright, facing forward, eyes looking straight ahead, feet together, toes forward, upper limbs hanging on both sides of the trunk, palms forward, at this time the human body is divided into three sides.

① What is the sagittal plane?

As shown in the picture above, there is also the green plane in the color picture above.

The sagittal plane passes through the front and back direction of the human body and the center of the human body, and divides the human body into two equal sections.

② Research significance

For example, when practicing back, you often use sitting posture equipment to row, and the path of action is along the sagittal plane.

Master and understand the sagittal plane, when we do actions or observe other people's actions, at least there will be no big deviation.

① What is the coronal plane?

As shown in the picture above, there is also the yellow plane in the color picture above.

Coronal plane, also known as frontal plane, refers to the section that divides the human body into two parts along the left and right direction, as shown in the following figure, which is a coronal slice of the human body.

② Research significance

We often see the opening and closing jump, and the plane formed by the action path is the coronal plane.

At the same time, there are many training movements, which also require us to keep the movement path basically in the coronal plane, such as side lift in shoulder training and pull-ups in back training.

① What is the horizontal plane?

As shown in the picture above, there is also the red plane in the color picture above.

The horizontal plane, also known as the horizontal plane, is parallel to the ground plane and divides the human body into upper and lower parts.

The horizontal plane is perpendicular to the other two planes.

② Research significance

Many training moves require the participation of both hands, and the equipment held by both hands should be kept on a horizontal plane. To put it bluntly, when you lift the barbell, the connection between your hands should be parallel to the ground, and one hand should not be higher than the other.

At the same time, when holding the instrument with both hands at the same time, if the instrument deviates from the same horizontal plane during the action, many problems can be reflected.

For example, in supine barbell pushing, both ends of the barbell are high and low, and the whole barbell is not on a horizontal plane (both ends of the barbell are still on a plane, but this plane is not horizontal).

Through this phenomenon, we can judge the following problems:

● Is the trainer's supine posture and movements not standard, causing the body to twist and tilt?

● The supine posture of the trainer is very standard. Is the position of the trainer's hand on the barbell asymmetric, causing the barbell to tilt?

● The trainer's supine posture is standard and the barbell position is correct. Is there a big difference in strength between the left and right upper limbs (left arm and right arm)? Many right-handed people have little left arm strength and barbells are often low.

● The supine position is correct, the barbell position is correct, and the strength of the left and right limbs is balanced. Did the trainer not master the correct technique of exerting force and exert force on both sides at the same time?

● Correct supine position, correct barbell grip, balanced strength of left and right limbs and correct strength skills. Is the barbell too heavy to break the stability of the action?

......

① explanation

The front side refers to the plane where the front part of the human body lies, also known as the "ventral side" (the plane where the abdomen lies).

The back side refers to the plane where the back of the human body is located, also known as "back" (the plane where the back is located).

② Application

The orientation of the human body is only to help us appreciate beauty, take pictures and wear it every day. At the same time, for the sake of figure, we should focus on training specific parts and improve the proportion of specific parts.

When observing the human body from the front, the visual center of gravity is probably the face, neck, clavicle, chest, ribs, abdomen, slender and plump upper and lower limbs, etc.

When observing the human body from the back, the visual center of gravity probably includes the neck, shoulders, the outer edge line of the upper back, the lower back (waist), buttocks, the back of thighs, ankles and so on.

From the perspective of proportion, the most basic examples are the ratio of upper and lower limbs, the ratio of measurements, the ratio of shoulder to waist, and the ratio of waist to hip. ...

If you look at it from the front, you must first look at the overall temperament. Fitness and reading can be cultivated. However, if the proportion of upper body and lower body is not appropriate, such as many people are "five-five figure" and the upper body and lower body are almost the same length, then we should pay attention to the training of hips and the reduction of waist and abdomen fat in training. In wearing, we should consider matching high-heeled shoes or high-heeled shoes, and choose whether to expose the position of the knee according to the proportion of large legs.

If we look at it as a whole, we should also consider whether there are bad postures such as hunchback, and problems that affect the normal physiological curve of the body, such as large bag on the back of the neck, valgus of ribs, O-shaped legs and so on.

① explanation

The upper end refers to the relatively high position of the human body, and the lower end refers to the relatively low position of the human body.

② Application

This is easy to understand, so I won't give examples here.

① explanation

In the limb, the proximal end refers to the position near the trunk and the root of the limb, also called "upper"

Distal refers to the position far away from the trunk and the roots of limbs, also known as "down"

② Application

In winter, many women have cold hands and feet, which belongs to cold limbs. A large part of the reason is that female muscle tissue is relatively underdeveloped, and the blood circulation ability of distal limbs is slightly weak. In addition, the cold temperature makes the human body curl up instinctively, which makes the muscles of arms and legs contract to a certain extent, which is even more unfavorable to the blood circulation of hands and feet.

The solution is to hold objects with objects, and those without objects can only hold hand warmers. Simply rubbing hands, rubbing and heating are almost ineffective, but the most effective thing is to get up and move, walk and stomp, accelerate blood circulation, and do some stretching exercises properly after the body is heated up to improve blood circulation throughout the body.

① routine

The inside is close to the center line of the human body, and the outside is the opposite. For example, when a girl takes a picture, the photographer can stand in the direction of the outside of the calf, and the girl's hand can hold the skin of the calf on the inside of the calf that the camera can't see, so as to achieve the visual effect of stovepipe and long legs.

② Internal organs

Internal and external also refer to the relative position of fasting organs. Those close to the lumen are inside, and those far from the lumen are outside.

① explanation

Shallow and deep refer to the relative distance from the skin surface. What is near the skin surface is shallow, and what is far away from the skin surface is deep.

② Application

Everyone can understand the meaning of "skin deep". In fitness, depth is more about our abdominal muscles. Abdominal muscles can be divided into four layers from shallow to deep: rectus abdominis, oblique abdominis, oblique abdominis and transverse abdominis.

The abdominal muscles that we can see with the naked eye are actually rectus abdominis. The flat plate supports the movement and is the deepest transverse abdominis muscle that we can't see with the naked eye. Similarly, a lot of endurance training stimulates deep muscles and has no direct effect on improving body shape.

There is also the "foot square &; Radial side ","tibial side &; The fibular side ",when we talk about bones and muscles, we will introduce it in detail.

Connective tissue is one of the basic tissues of human beings and higher animals. It consists of cells, fibers and extracellular matrix.

① cells

Include macrophages, fibroblasts, plasma cells and mast cells.

② fiber

Including collagen fiber, elastic fiber and reticular fiber, it mainly has the function of connecting various tissues and organs.

③ Matrix

Matrix is a slightly viscous liquid filled between cells and fibers as a medium for substance metabolism and exchange.

Fiber and matrix, also known as "matrix", are the most abundant components in connective tissue.

Connective tissue has a strong regenerative ability, and wound healing is mostly accomplished through its proliferation.

① muscle

Maintain body posture, stabilize joints, generate heat energy, protect the body and promote blood return.

② Ligament

Connect bones, keep joints stable and bear external forces.

③ Tendon

Connect bones and muscles to transmit strength from muscles.

④ Hard bone

Support the body to produce activities, protect internal organs and brain, store inorganic salts and minerals, and make red blood cells (long bones).

⑤ Cartilage

Reduce the resistance of joint movement, maintain better contact between bones, absorb vibration and disperse external impact.

⑥ meniscus

It exists in the hinge joint, which helps the joint absorb shock and impact.

Increase joint stability and improve joint lubrication effect.

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