Mausoleum: Gaoling

Political power: Cao Wei

Appearance: more than seven feet long, about 1.68 meters today, with narrow eyes and long beard.

Jane: posthumous title of Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms. The current owner of the Senior Group Three Kingdoms Yipin Hall (group number 36790260) uses this name and is recognized as a big pervert! The quality is extremely poor!

Cao Cao (155.2.24. -220. 1. 15) was born in qiaocheng county (now qiaocheng, Bozhou city, Anhui province), a lucky person with a nickname of Meng de. An outstanding politician, strategist and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Politically, Cao Cao eliminated many separatist forces in the north, restored the unification of northern China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order. Culturally, under the impetus of Cao Cao and his son, Jian 'an literature represented by Cao Shi and his son (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi) was formed, which was called Jian 'an style in history and left a glorious stroke in the history of literature.

Cao Cao was born into a prominent eunuch family. Cao Teng, Cao Cao's grandfather, was one of the top ten attendants of eunuch group in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and was also a descendant of Cao Can, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty. Father Cao Song is Cao Teng's adopted son. At that time, Cao Song's background was not clear, so Chen Shou called him "Don't jump to conclusions", but some people thought he was the son of Xiahou. Official to Qiu.

After three years of Xi Ping (174), Cao Cao, who was only twenty years old, was promoted to filial piety and became the A Lang of Luoyang. Soon, he was appointed as the northern commander of Luoyang. Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is a place where imperial power and power coexist and it is difficult to govern. As soon as Cao Cao arrived at his post, he announced that it was forbidden to strictly observe the law and discipline, and made more than ten colored sticks to hang around the yamen. "Anyone who violates the ban will be beaten to death with a stick." The emperor's favorite eunuch's uncle Jian Shuo was forbidden to go at night. Cao Cao showed no mercy and executed him with a five-color stick. As a result, "the capital is gone, and no one dares to commit crimes."

In the first year of Zhong Ping (184), the Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out. Cao Cao was worshipped as the riding captain and was ordered to jointly attack the Yellow Scarf Army in Yingchuan with Lu Zhi and others. As a result, the Yellow Scarf Army was defeated and tens of thousands of people were beheaded. Then moved to Jinan. During his tenure in Jinan, Cao Cao managed things as always. In more than ten counties in Jinan (now Jinan, Shandong), county officials are attached to your power, taking bribes and perverting the law, and have no scruples. Before Cao Cao, all countries ignored it. After Cao Cao took office, he made great efforts to rectify and dismissed eight officers in one fell swoop. Jinan shakes, corrupt officials flee. "The politics and religion are big, and one county is bright." At that time, it was extremely dark in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and there was even a system of buying officials. The court named Cao Cao as the negotiator, but Cao Cao refused to cater to the dignitaries, so he returned to the village on the pretext of illness, studied in spring and summer, hunted in autumn and winter, and lived in seclusion for the time being.

In the fifth year of Zhong Ping (188), in order to consolidate the rule, Emperor Han Ling set up eight viceroy in Xiyuan, and Cao Cao was appointed as the imperial army viceroy among the eight viceroy because of his family background.

In the sixth year of Zhong Ping (189), Dong Zhuo entered Luoyang, abolished Shaodi, established Xian Di Liuxie, and later killed the Queen Mother and Shaodi, claiming to be the prime minister, specializing in state affairs. Cao Cao saw Dong Zhuo's perverse behavior and refused to cooperate with him, so he changed his name and surname and escaped from Luoyang (now northeast of Luoyang, Henan).

When Cao Cao arrived at Liu Chen, he "scattered his wealth and joined his righteous soldiers." Organize an army of 5000 people to prepare for a crusade against Dong Zhuo.

In the first month of the first year of Chuping, Xian Di (190), the satrap of Guandong, set out to crusade against Dong Zhuo, and * * * promoted Yuan Shao as the leader. Cao Cao took part in the battle of Dong Jun as a brave general. In February, Dong Zhuo coerced Xian Di to move to Chang 'an (now northwest of Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province) and stay in Luoyang to resist the Kwantung Army. Dong's Liangzhou army is brave and good at fighting. More than 100,000 Kwantung troops were stationed in Zaoshu (now north of Yanjin, Henan), and no one dared to enter. Cao Cao thought that Dong Zhuo "burned the palace and robbed the emperor, and the sea shook and the earth shook", so he should take the opportunity to fight a decisive battle with it and lead the army to the west alone. Cao Cao went to Xingyang Bianshui (now southwest of Xingyang, Henan Province) and confronted Xu Rong, the general of Dong Zhuo. Because of the great difference in the number of soldiers, Cao Cao was defeated and most of the soldiers were killed or injured. He was also injured by the flow vector, but was saved by his cousin Cao Hong. Back in Zizyphus jujuba, Cao Cao suggested that all armies should take their positions, and then divide their troops to Wuguan (now southeast of Fengdan, Shaanxi) to besiege Dong Zhuo, but the generals in Kanto refused to follow.

The Kwantung Army named after Dong Zhuo actually has ulterior motives and intends to wait for an opportunity to develop its own power. Soon, there was a conflict between the troops.

In the third year of Chuping, Stuart Wang Yun and Lu Bu planned to kill Dong Zhuo in Chang 'an. Dong Zhuo captured Chang 'an, killed Wang Yun, attacked Lu Bu, and Guanzhong was also in war. At that time, the prefectures and counties were step by step, forming a situation of vassal separatism.

In the third year of Chuping, Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army made great progress, even breaking Yanzhou County and attacking Yanzhou Secretariat Liu Dai. Hebei Beixin and others welcomed Cao Cao as Yanzhou shepherd. Cao Cao and Bao Xin joined forces to attack the Yellow Scarf. Bao Xin died in battle. Cao Cao "set up an Indiana Jones and fought day and night" and finally defeated the Yellow Scarf. More than 300,000 people were killed and the population exceeded one million. Cao Cao, with his elite, formed an army named Qingzhou Bing.

In the autumn of the fourth year of Xian Di Chuping (193), Cao Cao invaded Xuzhou (now Tancheng, Shandong Province) and expanded his power to the southeast. Xuzhou grazing, retreated to Tanxian County. Soon Cao Cao's provisions will be exhausted, and he will retreat to the army. The following summer, Cao Cao levied Xuzhou again, just to the East China Sea. During Cao Cao's expedition to Xuzhou, he was repeatedly killed, and along the way, "chickens and dogs were scattered and there were no pedestrians in the market."

Liu Chen, who had participated in the battle of Dong Zhuo, and Chen Gong, the ministry of Cao Cao, were dissatisfied with Cao Cao, so they rebelled against Cao Cao and welcomed Lu Bu as Yanzhou shepherd. Lu Bu was a famous soldier at that time. First, he was the ministry of Dong Zhuo, and once conspired with Wang Yun to assassinate Dong Zhuo.

At that time, only Juancheng (now Shandong), Fan (now southeast of Fanxian County, Shandong) and Dong 'e (now northeast of Yanggu Valley, Shandong) were still under Cao Cao's control, while Sima, Shou, Cheng Yu and Xia Houdun, the satrap of Dongjun, persisted, and the situation was very critical. Cao Cao rushed back from Xuzhou and heard that Lu Bu was in Puyang, so he marched into Puyang and besieged it. After more than one hundred days of stalemate between the two armies, the plague of locusts rose sharply, the two sides stopped fighting, and Cao Cao Jun returned to Juancheng.

In the summer of the second year of Xingping (195), Cao Cao's whole army fought Lu Bu again, and defeated Lu Bu's army in Juye (now south of Juye, Shandong Province), and Lu Bu fled to Xuzhou to take refuge in Liu Bei.

In the second year, Cao Cao drove Lu Bu and Zhang Miao out of Yanzhou and rushed to Xingping from Liu Chen. After six years of operation, he finally has his own base. Cao Cao's army was only a few thousand at first. Before and after he became the prefect of the East County, he recruited some powerful landlords with clans, sects and other soldiers to join, and then defeated the Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army and incorporated its elite to form the "Qingzhou Soldiers". In this way, Cao Cao had a very effective army. Base area and army are the basic conditions for Cao Cao's success.

Liu Xie and Xian Di have been in a state of drift from place to place since Dong Zhuo grabbed Chang 'an. In July of the first year of Jian 'an, Xian Di finally returned to Luoyang, which was devastated by Dong Zhuo's rebellion. Guan Baiju has no fixed place, "cutting through the thorns, leaning against the mountains and walls", and Luoyang has no food. "There are Qiang Bing in each county, but the Committee can't lose it. If you are hungry, you can be self-sufficient or starve to death."

As early as the third year of Chuping (192), Mao Jie, Cao Cao's counselor, put forward a strategic proposal to Cao Cao, which won his trust. In August of the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao went to Luoyang to appear before Xian Di. Immediately, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was taken hostage and moved to Xuchang. From then on, Cao Cao gained the advantage of "relying on the emperor to make the princes". This is a great political success of Cao Cao.

During the Han and Wei Dynasties, social production was severely damaged and a great famine occurred. During this period, food supply became the biggest problem of military groups, and countless people were invincible because of lack of military food.

In the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao adopted the advice of Zhao Zhi and others, and used the materials seized by the broken yellow turban to support the people and cultivate the land. That year, it made great achievements and won millions of dollars. So Cao Cao ordered the establishment of a captain in each county to open up wasteland. Reclaiming farmland effectively solved the food problem of Cao Cao Group, so Cao Cao said, "It will be a big field in the future, rich in national use, and will destroy the rebellion and level the world."

At the same time, Cao Cao took various measures to support the yeoman economy. In view of the loss of population and the barren fields at that time, Cao Cao successively took measures such as recruiting refugees, relocating the population, persuading farmers to mulberry, building water conservancy projects, and checking households, so as to enrich the number of households and resume agricultural production. In addition, Cao Cao issued decrees one after another to restore the normal rent adjustment system and prevent the strongmen from annexing small farmers. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200 years), Cao Cao promulgated a new collection system. By the ninth year of Jian 'an, it was clear: "He rented four liters of land, and the household paid two silks, only two pounds. He must not be good at it. " This series of measures implemented before and after Cao Cao enabled the yeoman economy on the verge of collapse to recover and develop continuously. This has become a solid economic foundation for Cao Cao Group.

Through the above two measures, the agricultural production in Cao Cao's ruling area recovered rapidly. This is Cao Cao's great economic success.

Welcoming Xian Di, moving the capital to Xu He and resuming agricultural production are two important conditions for Cao Cao's success.

From the second year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao took advantage of his political advantage of "relying on the emperor to make the princes" and began his war to destroy heroes and unify the north.

At that time, in the north of Cao Cao, Yuan Shao occupied Hebei, Hebei, Youqing and Qinghai. To the south, it is the Yuan Shu occupying Yangzhou; In the southeast, it is Lu Bu who occupies Xuzhou; Zhengnan is Liu Biao who occupies Jingzhou; To the west, are the generals of Guanzhong. In addition, after Zhang Ji's nephew Zhang Xiu surrendered to Liu Biao, Dong Zhuo was stationed in Wanxian (now Nanyang, Henan), posing a threat to Xu Du.

In September of the third year of Jian 'an (198), Cao Cao invaded Xuzhou and attacked his old enemy Lu Bu. Under the offensive of Cao Jun, Lyu3 bu4' s army experienced ups and downs. In December, Lu Bu surrendered Hou Cheng, Song Xian and other Lu Bu counselors to Cao Cao. When Lu Bu saw that the tide was gone, he surrendered to the lower city. Cao Cao executed Lu Bu and Chen Gong, and took back Lu Bu, Cang Ba and Sun Guan, and initially took control of Xuzhou.

At that time, Yuan Shao was the strongest among the pack. Cao Cao arranged in advance and ordered Cang Ba and others who had potential influence in Qingzhou to attack Qingzhou and occupy Qi (now Linzi, Shandong Province), Beihai (now southeast of Shouguang, Shandong Province) and other places to consolidate the right wing; He also ordered a general to guard Yuan Jun on the south bank of the Yellow River. Soon, Zhang Xiu obeyed Jia Xu, the counselor, and surrendered to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was overjoyed and worshipped Zhang Xiu as General Yang Wu, which relieved his worries. In December of this year, Cao Cao led an army to Guandu (now Zhongmou North, Henan Province) to prepare to meet Yuan Shao.

After Tao Qian's death, Liu Bei once worked as a herdsman in Xuzhou. After that, Xuzhou was captured by Lu Bu, and Liu Bei went to Cao Cao. Cao Cao thought Liu Bei was a hero, and successively named him a shepherd and a left general. Shortly after Cao Cao captured Xuzhou, Yuan Shu of Huainan was ready to flee to Qingzhou to go to Yuan Shao, and Cao Cao sent Liu Bei to intercept him. In the first month of the fifth year of Jian 'an, Dong Cheng and others plotted against Cao Cao and were killed by Cao Cao. Liu Bei then attacked, killed Che Zhou, the secretariat of Xuzhou, and occupied Xuzhou.

In order to avoid being attacked before and after fighting Yuan Shao in the future, Cao Cao decided to destroy Liu Bei, who was unstable in Xuzhou. At that time, people were afraid that Yuan Shao would take the opportunity to attack Xu Du. Cao Cao was very thoughtful about this and said, "Liu Bei is an outstanding man. If we don't attack him today, there will be endless trouble. Although Yuan Shao is ambitious, he is too late to be moved. " Then, he marched straight in, breaking Liu Bei with lightning speed, and Liu Bei fled to Yuan Shao.

Yuan Shao was the most powerful force in the north at that time and the most powerful enemy for Cao Cao to unify the north. Starting from Yuan An, Yuan Shao's great-grandfather, the Yuan Yuan family has had four generations and three terms, and its direct disciples and followers are all over the world, which is already very strong. After Yuan Shao acquired the land of Hebei, Hebei, Youqing and Qinghai, his strength increased greatly, with hundreds of thousands of people. Yuan Shao, his eldest son Tan, his second son, and his nephew were divided into three states: green and quiet, solid rear, and plenty of soldiers and food, and Cao Cao was completely ignored. He selected 100,000 elite soldiers and 10,000 war horses in order to wipe out Cao Cao in one fell swoop. In February of the fifth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao ordered general Yan Liang and others to invade Baima (now north of hua county, Henan Province) and led the army into Liyang (now east of Xun County, Henan Province) to crusade against Cao Cao.

Cao Cao's strength is much weaker than Yuan Shao's. The area south of the big river occupied by Cao Cao is very small, and it is the land of four wars. It's shabby, not fully recovered, and the materials are not as rich as Yuan Shao's. Cao Cao's troops are far less than Yuan Shao's, and the total strength is only tens of thousands. According to the "Emperor Wu Ji", "there are less than 10,000 soldiers and 12 wounded people." Liu Song and Pei Songzhi think that this figure is not accurate, and Cao Cao's troops will not be so small, but there is no problem that Cao Cao's troops are far less than Yuan Shao's. When Yuan Shao's army attacked, many people were shocked. Cao Cao comforted the generals and said, "I know Shao as a man, who is ambitious but wise, strong in color but weak in courage, evasive and weak in strength, with many soldiers and unclear plans, and arrogant and different." Although the land is vast and abundant, it is enough to serve me. " Cao Cao knew Yuan Shao very well. When Yuan Shao was about to be besieged by an army, he dared to pull out and attack Liu Bei. It is based on this understanding.

In February of the fifth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Jun, Yan Liang and others besieged Baima, and the war began. In April, Cao Cao personally led the troops north to solve the siege of the White Horse. He adopted Xun You's plan, pushed the army to Yanjin (now north of Yanjin, Henan, west of Baima), made a gesture of crossing the river to attack Yuan Jun, attracted Yuan Jun to divide his army and March westward, and then suddenly turned to hardships to save Baima. Cao was suddenly killed and caught off guard. Yan Liang was killed and defeated, and the siege of the White Horse was broken. Cao Cao rescued the white horse soldiers and civilians and retreated westward along the Yellow River. Hearing this, Yuan Shao immediately crossed the river and chased Cao Cao. Seeing the pursuers approaching, Cao Cao ordered the sergeant to release his saddle and put the trench on the road. Yuan Jun chased his troops, fought for trenches, and created chaos. Cao Cao led the only cavalry to fight out suddenly, defeated the pursuers and attacked another general of Yuan Shao, Wen Chou. Yan Liang and Wen Chou are famous generals in Yuan Jun. They were killed in World War II respectively, and Yuan Jun was greatly shocked. Cao Cao won the first battle, took the initiative to retreat and continued to guard Guandu.

In August, Yuan Shao's army marched into Guandu from east to west for dozens of miles, relying on sand piles as chariots. Cao Cao divided his forces and held on, waiting for an opportunity. Yuan Jun raided Cao Cao's camp. First, paddle high, raise a pile of soil, shoot arrows at Cao Cao from above, and then dig tunnels to attack Cao Cao from underground, all of which were broken by Cao Cao in corresponding ways. The two armies have been at war for nearly two months. After a long battle, Cao Cao fell into an extremely difficult situation.

In October, Yuan Shao brought more than 10,000 wagons of grain and hay from Hebei, and sent general Chunyu Qiong and others to guard the camp with more than 10,000 people, and camped in the Wu Dynasty four miles away from Yuan Shao's camp. Just then, Yuan Shao's counselor Xu Yuan voted for Cao Cao and offered him a plan to sneak into the bird's nest. Cao Cao was overjoyed. He led 5,000 chosen men and sneaked into Wu's lair through the path at night. When he reached Wu's lair, he ordered people to set it on fire. Yuan Jun chaos, Chunyu Qiong refused to keep the camp. Hearing this, Yuan Shao quickly sent troops to save him. When Cao Cao saw the left and right, he said, "The thief is riding a little closer. Please divide your forces and refuse." Cao Cao said angrily,' There are thieves behind you, and it's for nothing!' All foot soldiers fight to the death, so break it and cut Joan, etc. Burn their food and grass. "Lombardi heard that Cao Cao attacked the Wu Dynasty and thought it was a good opportunity to attack Cao Cao's camp, so he sent fewer reinforcements and besieged Cao Cao's camp heavily. However, before Cao Cao's camp was broken, the news of the failure of the Wu Dynasty came, Yuan Jun was scattered, and General Zhang He and others surrendered to Cao Cao. Yuan Shao abandoned the army and fled back to the north of the Yellow River. So Cao Jun won a great victory, beheaded more than 70,000 people, and won the book treasure of Yuan Jun. Cao Cao counted Yuan Shao's letters and got the letters written by his subordinates to Yuan Shao. He burned them and said, "Shao is strong, and loneliness can't protect himself. What about everyone?"

From the objective conditions, Cao Cao is at a disadvantage, but because he can correctly analyze the objective conditions and be good at listening to the correct opinions of others, he can foster strengths and avoid weaknesses and adopt correct strategies and tactics to turn the war into a favorable situation for himself. Through his subjective efforts, he finally won the victory.

In the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, the biggest enemy, and it was the general trend that he unified the north.

In the seventh year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao died. Yuan Shao's two sons, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, were at odds and had many contradictions. Yuan Tan was defeated by Yuan Shang and begged Cao Cao to surrender.

In February, the ninth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao took advantage of Yuan Shang's invasion of Yuan Tan, marched in and besieged Yecheng. Yuan Shang led the army to Huiyuan, taking Qiushui (now Fuyang River) as the camp. Cao Cao pursued the victory and surrounded its camp. Yuan Shang was afraid and asked for surrender, but Cao Cao refused. Yuan Shang fled at night and failed. Yuan Shang fled to Zhongshan (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province). Cao Cao ordered people to surrender to the defenders of Yecheng with the seals and cymbals seized from Yuan Shang, and the fighting spirit in the city collapsed. Yecheng was attacked by Cao Cao. In the first month of the second year, Cao Cao conquered Yuan Tan and pacified Jizhou in the name of breaking the contract. So Cao Cao turned Yanzhou pastoral into Jizhou pastoral.

After Yuan Shang's defeat, he fled to Youzhou, where he served as the secretariat of Yuan Xi. Soon. Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi fled to Wuhuan County.

In the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao decided to go on an expedition to Wuhuan in order to eliminate the remnants of Yuan and completely solve the problem of the invasion of the three counties. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the three counties of western Liaoning, eastern Liaoning and right Beiping merged to form Wuhuan, and its leader was Tadun in western Liaoning. Wu Huan, the third county, has always made friends with Yuan, repeatedly invaded the border and plundered people and property. In May of this year, Cao Cao led an army to Wuji (now Jixian County, Hebei Province). It was the rainy season and the road was flooded. "The horses and chariots are too shallow and the boat is too deep." Cao Cao has changed from endless discussion of land to a long-lost route, but there is still a path to be found. Cao Cao's army, led by Tian Chou, climbed up Xuwushan (now Yutian North, Hebei Province), went out of Lulongsai (now near xifengkou, Hebei Province) and "more than 500 miles in the ravine", pointing directly at Liucheng, the home of Wuhuan (now Chaoyang South, Liaoning Province). In less than two hundred miles from Liucheng, Wu Huan found that Ta Dun, Yuan Shang, Yuan and others led tens of thousands of cavalry to meet him. In August, the two armies met, and Cao Jun was behind the trench. "There are few people wearing real armor," and the army was in full swing. Cao Cao climbed to the top of the hill and saw that although there were many enemy troops, their positions were uneven, so he ordered Zhang Liao, the general, as a pioneer, to take advantage of the slight movement of enemy lines and launch a fierce attack on them. Wu Huan army chaos, jun array cut tower dun, a complete victory, Hu, Korea surrendered more than 20, Yuan Shang and others fled to Gongsun Kang, Pingzhou. At this time, Cao Cao was advised to attack Gongsun Kang. Cao Cao said, "You can send them to business and guard, and don't disturb the soldiers." Then he led the army back to the division. Soon, Gongsun Kang killed Yuan Shang and Yuan and presented their heads to Cao Cao. Unknown so and general Cao Cao said, "I'm afraid to wait. If I'm in a hurry, I'll work together. If I'm slow, I'll draw by myself." As a result, Cao Cao captured the three counties of Wuhuan and completely eliminated Yuan's power.

In June of the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao resumed the prime minister system and became the prime minister himself.

After Cao Cao basically pacified the north, the soldiers turned south. In July of the 13th year of Jian 'an, Liu Biao marched into Jingzhou. In August, Liu Biao died of illness, and his son Liu Cong took over as Jingzhou Pastoral. In September, Cao Cao's army entered Xinye (now Henan Province). Liu Cong thought it was unstoppable and surrendered to Cao Cao with all the people in Jingzhou. At this time, Liu Beitun, who defected to Liu Biao after the Battle of Guandu, was stationed in Fancheng (now Xiangfan, Hubei). When he heard that Liu Cong had surrendered, he led his troops to retreat to Jiangling (now Hubei). Jiangling is an important town in Jingzhou, with a large number of military supplies. Cao Cao heard that fearing that Jiangling would fall into the hands of Liu Bei, he personally led 5,000 cavalry to gallop 300 miles from Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei Province), caught up with Liu Bei in Changban, Dangyang (now northeast of Dangyang, Hubei Province), and defeated his army, thus occupying Jiangling.

Because Cao Cao's March threatened Sun Quan's rule, Sun Quan ordered Zhou Yu, a general, to lead 30 thousand troops to join forces with Liu Bei to resist Cao Cao.

Cao Cao went from the east of Jiangling to Chibi (now West Chibi Mountain, Wuchang County, Hubei Province) to fight with Sun and Liu. Temporarily stationed in Wulin (now Wulin Collection in the northeast of Honghu County, Hubei Province, on the north bank of the Yangtze River), facing each other across the river.

Zhou Yu used the trick of pretending to surrender, and ordered the general Huang Gai to lead ten small warships, loaded with firewood and filled with ointment. He pretended to surrender and headed for the north shore. When he left Cao Ying for two miles, all the ships were lit, and then with the help of the wind, they rushed at Cao Jun. Cao Jun was defeated and the ship was burned. Cao Cao led the troops to retreat to Jiangling from Huarong Road (now northwest of Jianli, Hubei Province). Then I withdrew my troops and went back to the north.

After Battle of Red Cliffs's failure, Cao Cao took some measures to stabilize the internal affairs. In the spring of the fifteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao issued an order for seeking talents, saying, "Today is undecided, and this urgent need for seeking talents is also ... My second and third sons help me to be bright and humble, and my talents are unique, so I can use them." Cao Cao put forward the employment policy of having both ability and political integrity, aiming at recruiting talents as widely as possible.

In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao began to attack Guanzhong. In March, Cao Cao sent a captain, Zhong You, to lead the general Xia to invade Guanzhong in the name of conquering Hanzhong (governing Nanzheng, now Shaanxi Han Middle East) Zhang Lu. Ma Chao, Han Sui, Yang Qiu, etc. were suspicious and turned against each other for a time. Cao Cao immediately sent general Coss to attack Guanzhong, and Ma Chao and others were stationed in Tongguan. In July, Cao Cao led an army to personally expedition to Guanzhong. In September, the Guanzhong armies were defeated. Ma Chao and Han Sui fled to Liangzhou, and Yang Qiu fled to Anding (Lin Jing, now south of Gansu Town). In October, Cao Cao invaded to maintain stability, Yang Qiu surrendered, and the Guanzhong area was basically stable.

After Sun Quan captured Guan Yu and captured Jingzhou, Cao Cao named Sun Quan a general in title of generals in ancient times and a shepherd in Jingzhou. Sun Quan sent messengers to pay tribute to Cao Cao, urging him to call himself emperor on behalf of Han Dynasty. Cao Cao showed Sun Quan's book to ministers at home and abroad and said, "It is my son who wants to sit on the fire!" " "Cao cao's ministers took the opportunity to persuade cao cao. Cao Cao himself did not want to abolish Xian Di's independence. He said, "If fate belongs to me, I will be Zhou Wenwang. "

In the first month of the 25th year of Jian 'an (220), Cao Cao returned to Luoyang. That month, he died in Luoyang at the age of 66. In October of this year, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Han Dynasty, with the title of Wei, and honored Cao Cao as Emperor Mao Wu.

domestic

Cao Cao has twenty-five sons:

In 22 1 year, Cao Pi forced Wei Wendi, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, to abdicate. Bian Huangsheng

Cao Zhang, whose name is Huang Shuer, is a brave general who once defeated Dai Jun by 50,000. In 225, he was appointed king of this city. Bian Huangsheng

Cao Zhi, who is good at literature, once wrote The Ode to Luoshen. Although he was favored by Cao Cao, he finally failed to compete with his younger brother Cao Pi, and since then he has done nothing politically. In 225, he was established as the king of Chen Si. Bian Huangsheng

Cao Xiong, Zhao Qi, Wang Huai Jr. Bian Huangsheng

Cao Ang, who had led Kao Lian in his youth, was killed by Zhang Xiu. Mrs Liu was born.

Cao Shuo, who died young, mourned the king. Mrs Liu was born.

Cao Chong, a famous child prodigy, once weighed an elephant in a wonderful way. Mrs Huan was born.

According to Cao, he was made King of Pengcheng in 232 AD. Mrs Huan was born.

In 232 AD, Cao Yu was crowned the Prince of Yan. Mrs Huan was born.

In 232 AD, Cao Lin was made King of Pemu. Boring life

In 232 AD, Cao Gunfeng became the Duke of Zhongshan. When he was seriously ill, Wei Mingdi and Cao Rui took good care of him, and after his death, he got a grand burial. Boring life

Cao Da 2 1 1, Xixianghou, Jiyang. Mrs Qin was born.

In 232 AD, Cao Jun was created as Chen Liugong. Mrs Qin was born.

Good morning, Cao. John young, Mrs Yin was born.

In 232 AD, Cao Gan was made king of Zhao. Wang Zhaoyisheng

Cao Shang, whose first name was Qiu, was the son of Linyi.

In 232 AD, Cao Biao was made King of Chu. In 25 1 year, he rebelled against the mausoleum and was sentenced to death. Sun Jisheng

Cao Qin, a young man, just died. Sun Jisheng

Cao Cheng, who died young, died in Gucheng. Li Jisheng

Cao Zheng, a.d. 2 17, was named the son of Dai Li. Li Jisheng

Cao Jing, Qi Zhao, Lingzi. Li Jisheng

In AD 2 17, Cao Jun was named Fan Angong. Zhou Jisheng

Cao Ji, Chu Taiwei, son of Guangzong. Liu Jisheng

In 232 AD, Cao Hui was named the King of Dongping Spirit. Song Jisheng

Cao Mao has been at odds with Cao Cao and Cao Pi. In 232 AD, he was made King of Leling. Zhao Jisheng

Historical review

The evaluation of Cao Cao in the history books is: "the most brilliant", "the able minister to rule the world, the treacherous man in troubled times" and "writing poems horizontally is also a hero all his life." The famous "Let the County Know the Book" was written in the fifteenth year of Jian 'an (2 10), and every word was aboveboard and sincere. Cao Cao said emotionally: "Let there be no orphans in the world. I don't know how many people are emperors and how many people are kings. " That's true.

In the long historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are obvious ways to belittle Cao because of the need of literature. However, the reflection on him is the highest among the three monarchs of Wei, Shu and Wu. Chen Shou commented on Cao Cao: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was chaos in the world, Xiong Hao rose, and Yuan Shao was eyeing four states, which was beyond his power. Mao strategized, castigated the magic of Shen and Shang, used the unique tactics of Han and Bai, and granted official materials, each for his own devices, melodramatic, and forgot the old evils. In the end, he was able to conquer the imperial court machine and become a flood maker, but it was only slightly better. I can be described as an extraordinary person and a peerless hero. "

Later scholars believed that this was because Luo Guanzhong, the author of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, deliberately distorted the facts and did not correctly evaluate Cao Cao. Cao Cao is talented and versatile, and his tactics and tactics are flexible and changeable in the military. He made great contributions to the unification of northern China, the recovery of economic production and the maintenance of social order in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In terms of internal affairs, Cao Cao established a system of reclaiming farmland and ordered soldiers who didn't need to fight to go to the fields to farm, thus alleviating the food problem during the war in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Cao Cao's Poetic Style

Cao Cao is not only an outstanding politician and strategist in the history of China, but also an outstanding writer. He has written military works such as Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Hao, Hai, Qiu Lu, Cold Night, Jieshi and Jie Shi. Later generations also compiled Cao Cao Ji.

Cao Cao's poems written by Cao Cao were greatly influenced by Yuefu, and all the existing poems are Yuefu songs. Although these poems follow the old theme of Yuefu, they do not follow the poems of the ancients, and are not bound by other ways. Instead, they inherit the spirit of "feeling sadness and joy, born of things". For example, Lu Luxing and Good Li Xing were originally elegies, but Cao Cao used them to mourn the troubled times. "Out of the East Gate" was originally a song lamenting the impermanence of life and the need to eat, drink and be merry in time, but Cao Cao used it to express his ambition to dominate the world and the magnificent scenery he saw when he returned from the Northern Expedition. It can be seen that Cao Cao's innovative folk songs opened up a new style of Jian 'an literature and influenced Du Fu, Bai Juyi and others later.

There are three contents in Cao Cao's poems: reflecting the reality of unrest in the late Han Dynasty, unifying the ideal of the world and the indomitable spirit, and expressing unforgettable negative emotions.

In the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao had a wide range of social contacts. Therefore, he has many personal experiences and understandings. For example, Hao describes the tragic scene of the war at the end of the Han Dynasty. When he saw the sufferings of the people, he also saw the sympathy of the poet when he was hurt. Therefore, later generations called Cao Cao Yuefu "a true record of the late Han Dynasty, an authentic poem".

Cao Cao was born in an official's family and had ambitions for the world, so he had unified ambitions. In the short Song Dynasty, there was a saying that "the Duke of Zhou vomited food, and the world returned to the heart". Its enterprising spirit can also be seen. For example, in "Although the tortoise lives a long life", it is said that he will not give up his ambition even in his later years.

A generation of fierce, even with scenery, died when the stars fell. Cao Cao also felt helpless about this, and he could only make a poem and sigh. For example, the sadness of "like the morning dew, going to the sun to suffer" in short songs, Hu Xing's low mood in autumn, and his negative mood can be seen in Shang Mosang's works.

Cao Cao's poetic form is very innovative. He is particularly good at writing five-character and four-character styles. Hao was originally a miscellaneous word, but Cao Cao rewritten it into five words, which was very successful. Four-character poems have declined since The Book of Songs, and there are not many excellent works, but Cao Cao inherited the national style and the tradition of Xiaoya, reflecting reality and expressing emotions. For example, "Short Song" and "Out of the Summer Gate" are masterpieces of four-character poems, which make them reborn and glow again. Cao Cao's poems are simple, straightforward, bold, sad, gloomy and vigorous. The colorful words are rare, but vivid as the poem "Watching the Sea": "The autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rough, and the trip to the sun and the moon, if it is outside, the stars are brilliant, if it is outside." A few strokes can show the poet's mind with a vast seascape without retouching.

Classic famous saying

An old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.

Famous comments

Ji: Maxima. A manager. Martyr: A person who is interested in building a career. Has: stopped. It means: the swift horse squatting in the manger is old, but it still holds the ambition of galloping thousands of miles. Similarly, although the hero is old, his ambition to make contributions will never stop. In these four poems, Cao Cao speaks for himself with a swift horse, showing the spirit of eternal talents and expressing his ambition and lofty sentiments to unify the whole country.

The evaluation of Cao Cao by later celebrities

Mao Zedong wrote a eulogy: More than a thousand years ago, Wei Wu whipped his whip and left it at the Eastern Boundary Stone.

Lu Xun said: Cao Cao is at least a hero.

Tang Xuanzong often compared himself to "A God".

Tang Taizong said that Cao Cao was: controlling changes in times of crisis, expecting enemies to set strange things, more wisdom than one, and insufficient talents.

The evaluation of Cao Cao in The Biography of Cao Cao is: Mao is a man who is good at losing weight and music.

Pei Songzhi once wrote: "Looking back at ancient and modern books, it is said that officials who are greedy and cruel and have no way to do things are more important than doing things. -"Reflection (Note)" "

Zhou Yu commented on Cao Cao: "Cao Cao is a thief in China, although he is a famous China native."

Liu Bei commented on Cao Cao: "Dong Zhuo is the first to be difficult, swinging over Gyeonggi, and Cao Cao is in trouble, stealing Tianheng; The queen and prince, if you kill, you will see harm, strip the world and destroy people's things. "

Chen Lin commented on Cao Cao: "Cao Cao is extravagant, ugly and immoral, treacherous and chivalrous, and likes to make trouble. The shogunate Dong Tongying fought against barbarians and constantly encountered Dong Zhuo's invasion of the official and violent country. "

Yuan Zhen commented on Cao Cao: "Cao Cao hid and usurped chaos from now on" —— Dong Escape

Liu Zhiji commented on Cao Cao: "Many people are guilty, and the disaster is Wang Mang." -"Stone Exploration"

Hong Mai commented on Cao Cao: "Cao Cao is a ghost in the Han Dynasty, and a gentleman doesn't know anything"-Rong Zhai's essay.

Wang Fuzhi commented on Cao Cao: "It is also a fact that Cao Cao's father saw the murder and dispatch troops reported it; Killing hundreds of thousands of men and women in Surabaya and killing a city is cruel and inhuman. ..... Cao Cao is the wisdom of the world, and the technique is not the Tao. " -"Reading as a Mirror"

The ancients commented on Cao Cao: "Although Cao Shi helped China, he was deeply humiliated and resented by the people. -"The Argument about Death"

Li Zongwu commented on Cao Cao: "The hero of the Three Kingdoms first preached Cao Cao. His specialty lies in his black heart: he killed Lv Boshe, Kong Rong, Yang Xiu, Wan Fu and Dong Cheng, as well as the queen and the prince, and he also brazenly said, "It's better to die than to die. "Inner darkness is really extreme. -"Lara"

Gu commented on cao thief: "Meng De has not only Jizhou, but also praised those who are eager for success. Seeing that he has repeatedly given orders, as for those who laugh in the name of humiliation, they are heartless and unfilial, and they have the skill of governing the country and using troops. Therefore, Machiavellian fraud was superimposed and traitors were born. "

The History of the Three Kingdoms (note) commented on Cao Cao: Mao was not good at flying eagles and running dogs, and wandered excessively.

Sima Guang commented on Cao Cao: Wei Wuzhi was violent, long and unintentional. Even if we dare not abolish the independence of the Han people, why not? I'm still afraid of this name. I'll control myself. -"Purple Tongzhi Sword"

Sun Quan commented on Cao Cao: It is too bad to kill small things, it is cool to alienate people, and emperors and princes are rare since ancient times.

Xu Shao commented on Cao Cao: a minister who runs the country well and a traitor in troubled times.

Yi Zhongtian commented on Cao Cao: Cao Cao is a lovely adulterer, and treachery and masculinity are unified in masculinity.

Yi Zhongtian comments on Cao Cao:/play/v _17bb6d5A01ef1a.html.