About the author: Shen, the first vice-chairman of insurance institute of china Artifacts Professional Committee, the second and third executive vice-chairmen and secretary-general, and a senior engineer in the metallogenic simulation laboratory of Beijing Institute of Geology, nuclear industry.

Figure 1 synthetic crystal

Since the founding of New China, the jewelry industry in China has developed by leaps and bounds, and the artificial products industry has also developed rapidly. By the beginning of 2 1 century, China's artificial products industry has made great achievements, laying a solid foundation for further development in the future, and China's artificial products industry will have more brilliant development in 2 1 century.

First, the reasons for the rapid development of artificial products in China.

As we all know, artificial products are synthesized or grown in laboratories and factories, and their output can be adjusted according to the needs of the market. The only requirement for the synthesis and growth of artificial products is to reach the highest grade, the best quality and the most beautiful degree among the corresponding natural gems. Therefore, the price of artificial products is much cheaper than that of natural gems of the same quality, and they are very beautiful. It can be made into many different styles, suitable for people to wear and use, and has a broad mass base. On the other hand, the natural gem mineral resources produced in nature are limited, especially the high-grade gems and their high-quality products are few, which is difficult to meet the market demand. Artificial products can supplement the shortage of natural high-grade gems and alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand in the market to some extent. In this way, the mass production of artificial products is the need of the market and people to beautify their lives, and it is also an important reason for the rapid development of artificial products. Some people say that artificial products are half of China's jewelry market, worthy of the name! Another reason for the rapid development of artificial products in China is the important application of artificial products in high-tech and national defense research. For example, synthetic crystal (figure 1) is not ideal as the raw material of piezoelectric crystal due to various defects in rock crystal, but the synthetic crystal has excellent performance and can completely meet the requirements of piezoelectric crystal. Piezoelectric crystals are mainly used to stabilize radio frequency. Synthetic crystals are used to stabilize radio frequencies in every color TV, radio and mobile phone. Another example is the synthesis of rubies, which used to be used in bearings of mechanical watches or instruments (ruby is synthesized by flame melting method), but now it is used in parts of lasers (ruby is grown by Czochralski method), and lasers are very useful. In addition to well-known civil and industrial applications, high-energy lasers can be used to attack aircraft and satellites in the military, and the ultra-high energy and ultra-high temperature generated by laser focusing can also be used to simulate the nuclear explosion of an atomic bomb to obtain necessary data. The watch industry uses synthetic colorless sapphire, which is called "never-worn surface cover". The high-quality colorless sapphire grown in kyropoulos method is used in energy-saving lighting engineering, which is called led element. It not only has high brightness, but also consumes only 1/20 of that of light bulbs with the same brightness. Large-diameter optically colorless sapphire is a window material for missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles and submarines, which is very important and urgently needed. Now China can produce this kind of crystal with a window diameter of more than 200mm for intercontinental missiles. Another example is the artificial strontium titanate gem grown by flame melting method, which can be used as the window material of "rattlesnake missile". With the progress of science and technology and the development of military industry, it is believed that there will be more and more requirements for crystal materials, and people will further develop artificial products in the process of completing various tasks. It can be seen that with the continuous improvement of people's living standards and scientific and technological level, as well as the needs of the development of national defense industry, China's artificial products industry will be strengthened, developed and improved, and its future will be infinitely bright!

2. At the beginning of 20th century, the output of artificial products in China was among the best in the world.

The production of artificial products in China began with 1958 to revitalize China's national industry. To develop the watch industry in China, we must first solve the ruby bearing problem in the process of mechanical rotation of watches; To develop other instrument industries, we should also solve the bearing problem. So the production line of ruby synthesis by flame melting was introduced from the Soviet Union, which opened the development of China's artificial products industry. Subsequently, the development of China's national economy, science and technology, national defense and military industry all need the research and expansion of new materials, which objectively promotes the development of China's artificial products industry. Fortunately, by the beginning of the 20th century, the output of man-made products in China was among the best in the world:

1) China synthesized cubic zirconia/kloc-0 was tested in/982 and put into production in 1983. At first, the output of each furnace was only 5 kg. Now each furnace produces 400kg, and each single crystal is also very large, which can reach about 2kg. In 2005, there were 205 such growth furnaces, and the annual production capacity is expected to reach about 1.23 million t, but the market demand is not so much, and the operating rate is insufficient. The actual annual production capacity is about 6,000 t, ranking first in the world.

2) China's crystal synthesis began in the 1950s and was successful in the 1960s. Due to the rapid development of radio industry, a large number of piezoelectric crystals are needed, and the development of China's jewelry industry has promoted the rapid development of China's synthetic crystal industry. At present, the annual output of synthetic crystals in China is about 1760t, which is also the first in the world.

3) Ruby and sapphire synthesized by flame melting method in China were imported from the Soviet Union in 1958. Oxygen and hydrogen are obtained by electrolysis of water, which consumes a lot of electricity. Now, after technological innovation, oxygen or hydrogen discharged in the production process of chemical plants is used as raw materials, which not only solves the pollution problem, but also saves the cost. According to incomplete statistics in 2005, the annual output has reached 235 tons. If all the newly-built 300 tons of flame-fused rubies of Xin Lei Crystal Co., Ltd. in Pingnan County of Fujian Province are put into production, the total output is expected to reach 435 tons, ranking first in the world.

4) China synthetic diamond 1963 was put into production, with small particles and industrial grade, but it developed rapidly because of its great use. At present, the annual output of synthetic industrial diamonds in China has reached more than 654.38+0.2 billion carats, ranking first in the world.

5) china glass imitation gold star stone was successfully developed by Beijing Yongao Artificial Products Research Institute in 1990s, with the highest annual output reaching 600t. Due to high output, good quality and low price, similar Italian and Japanese products have been squeezed out of the China market, ranking first in the world in output.

6) The glass imitation cat's eye was successfully developed in Shanghai in the late 1980s and early 1990s, which quickly swept the national jewelry market. The current annual output is about 1200t, ranking first in the world.

7) Others: Synthetic artificial luminous jade, high refractive index glassy gemstone modified by rare earth (commonly known as rare earth glass) were all invented by scientific and technological personnel in China, and the output is of course the first in the world.

Based on the above data, we can proudly say that at the beginning of 2 1 century, the output of artificial products in China was among the best in the world.

Three. An overview of the production base of artificial products in China in the early 20th century.

With the continuous expansion and development of China's artificial products industry, the production base of artificial products is also changing, and the changing trend is increasing and expanding. By the beginning of 2 1 century, the production bases of artificial products in China were as follows:

1) The production bases for synthesizing cubic zirconia are mainly in Guangxi, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces; The production bases of powder raw materials for synthesizing cubic zirconia are Deqing City, Zhejiang Province, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province and Fujian Province.

2) The production bases for synthesizing rubies and sapphires by flame melting method are mainly in Quzhou City and xiaoshan City of Zhejiang Province, Pingnan County of Fujian Province, Yantai City of Shandong Province, Suzhou City of Shaanxi Province, Xi City and Hanzhong City of Anhui Province, Hefei City of Anhui Province, Zhenning County of Guizhou Province, Changshou City of Sichuan Province and No.8 Instrument Factory of Chongqing City, and Qianyang County of Hunan Province. The base of spinel growth by flame melting method is Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province.

3) The largest synthetic crystal factory is located in Jiaojiang City, Zhejiang Province, and there are synthetic crystal factories in many provinces in China.

4) Hydrothermal growth of emeralds and rubies was successfully studied by a team led by Professor Zeng, director of Guangxi Gemmology Research Institute in the early 1990s, so the production base was in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

5) There are about 5,000 factories that grow industrial-grade diamonds by high temperature and ultra-high pressure, but there are about 450 factories that produce single-particle industrial-grade diamonds, and the rest mainly produce polycrystalline diamonds or diamond products, which are distributed all over the country.

6) The production bases of high-quality crystals such as laser crystals grown by melt Czochralski method and window materials for national defense industry are mainly in Quzhou, Chengdu, Shanghai, Tianjin, Nanjing, Jiangsu and Guangzhou, Guangdong.

7) The production base of glass imitation gold star stone is in Beijing (Yong 'ao Artificial Products Research Institute). At present, many new production plants have been built in China, but the output and quality are still far behind Beijing Yongao Artificial Products Research Institute.

8) The glass imitation cat's eye gemstone was developed by Shanghai Institute of Silicate, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the technology was transferred around Shanghai. However, the production base of raw materials and semi-finished products is mainly in Jingjiang City, Jiangsu Province, and the production base of finished products is mainly in Putian County, Fujian Province.

9) Rare earth glass gem was invented in Shanghai, and its production base is also in Shanghai.

10) The production base of "Qinglong Luminous Jade" with luminous effect is in Beijing.

Four, 2 1 the product sales base of China artificial products at the beginning of the century

With the increasing variety and output of artificial products industry in China, the sales of artificial products and jewelry or fashion accessories made of artificial products have gradually formed a distribution center. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were three large-scale and well-known distribution centers of artificial products in China: Wuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Qingdao City, Shandong Province and Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province.

1. Wuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Wuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is located at the junction of eastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangdong Province. It takes about 4 hours to drive from Guangzhou to Wuzhou. Wuzhou is known as "the coastal gateway of Guangxi" and "Little Hong Kong", and has been open to the outside world for over 100 years. Area of jurisdiction 12588km2, population of 3.05 million, urban area 1097km2, population of 500,000. According to the data, since 1982, Hong Kong people set up a gem processing factory (grinding gems) here, and it has gradually developed and expanded. At present, there are more than 1 100000 people engaged in gem processing, and the number of gems processed each year is about13.68 million. The main products are cubic zirconia and ruby synthesized by flame melting, and the processing capacity of these two artificial products accounts for about 95% in China. Wuzhou's artificial products industry has solved the employment problem of 654.38+10,000 people in Wuzhou, which has helped many people in the surrounding rural areas get rid of poverty and become rich, and created good conditions for laid-off workers to re-employment. Therefore, the processing trade of artificial products has become one of the pillar industries in Wuzhou, and the municipal party Committee and government have given active support. At present, more than 200 companies from Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, India, Thailand, Italy and the United States have participated in the exhibition. Doing business in Wuzhou permanently. In order to solve the problem of no market, the municipal government tried every means to introduce foreign capital to build "Wuzhou Gem City". Wuzhou Gem City has a total investment of more than 70 million yuan, covering an area of 2 1998㎡, a building area of 39,998 ㎡, four floors, 500 shops and 250 business households, with an annual turnover of about 654.38 billion yuan. With the continuous development of the industry, the existing gem city can no longer meet the market demand. The second phase of the project "Wuzhou Gem Building" has been completed, with 33 floors and a construction area of102481m2, and will be put into use soon. The development of man-made products in Wuzhou has reached a considerable scale, and China Jewelry Industry Association awarded Wuzhou the honorary title of characteristic industrial base of man-made products.

2. Qingdao City, Shandong Province

Qingdao's artificial products have developed very rapidly in recent years, and now it has become the largest sales base of artificial products in the northern region. There are more than 1 000 imitation jewelry processing plants in Qingdao, of which more than half are inlaid enterprises, with huge market capacity. The annual purchase amount from artificial products is as high as 5 billion yuan, and more than 65,438+0,000 well-known enterprises have branches or offices in Qingdao. Its main feature is an export-oriented economy, especially with neighboring South Korea. Korean enterprises occupy half of Qingdao's artificial products market and play an important role in the prosperity and development of Qingdao's artificial products market. With the annual jewelry exhibition and academic lectures, Qingdao, as the largest sales base of man-made products in the north, will become more and more famous and its business will grow bigger and bigger, which in turn will promote the further development of man-made products.

Yiwu Commodity Market in Zhejiang Province is a famous wholesale market at home and abroad.

1) Overall situation: Planning and development began in 2002. After development, Yiwu Commodity Market was renamed as International Trade City. As of September, 2005, the first and second phases of the international trade city market construction and development have been completed, with a total area of 654.38+400,000 square meters, making it the largest modern commodity wholesale market in the world. There are 50,000 business premises in the market and more than 654.38+600,000 employees. More than 7,000 foreign businessmen purchase here every day, and the products are exported to more than 200 countries and regions around the world, with an annual export of more than 350,000 TEUs, accounting for 60% of all traded products. Due to this situation, World Brand Lab and World Broker Weekly released the list of the most famous brands in China in 2005 at the World Brand Conference, and Yiwu China Commodity City ranked 158, with a brand value of 3.902 billion yuan.

2) The imitation jewelry handicraft market with artificial products as the main stone is mainly in the first phase of Yiwu International Trade City. The first phase of the market covers an area of 350 mu, with a building area of 330,000 square meters and an investment of 660 million yuan. It consists of five connected rectangular basic units. The venue is divided into five commercial areas and 20 commodity exhibition and trading halls. Crafts, ornaments, toys, flowers, etc. 15 category, more than 20,000 kinds of goods are arranged in an orderly manner. Jewelry imitation crafts are mainly on the second and third floors, with about 4000 business households. Merchants' shops are filled with a dazzling array of raw materials, semi-finished products or finished products of imitation jewelry crafts (Figure 2), of which semi-finished products or finished products with glass as raw materials account for the vast majority, and a few are plastic products or low-grade semi-precious stones.

Figure 2 A dazzling array of ornaments in Yiwu small commodity market

3) The high rent in Yiwu commodity market reflects the large transaction volume: It is reported that a two-story jewelry mall and a 45m2 shop in the first phase of the International Trade City will pay 2 million yuan for the right to use only five years, in addition to paying 200,000 yuan in rent, taxes and 50,000 yuan in management fees every year. Therefore, in order to gain a foothold in Yiwu commodity market, the annual fee should be at least 650,000 RMB. So, can businesses make that much money? The answer is yes, yes! ! ! Because 7000 foreign businessmen buy here every day, and tens of thousands of domestic businessmen buy here, as long as the products are suitable, there is no problem in commodity trading. According to Mr. Chen, the manager of a shop on the second floor, the total area of the shop is about 45㎡, and most of the samples displayed in it are glass imitation diamond products, with only a few samples such as artificial cubic zirconia and artificial ruby. Many people come to the store to buy. Mr. Chen said that the average after-sales profit of each glass imitation diamond product is only a few cents, but it is less than a penny anyway, but when the transaction is good, it can do more than 100 thousand a day and about 100 million a year. So although the rent and other expenses of the shop are very expensive, many people want to buy a berth but can't. This shows that the transaction volume of 4000 pieces of jewelry on the second and third floors of Yiwu Small Commodity Market is very large.

4) From the perspective of jewelry production companies, the usage and sales of glass imitation diamond products are relatively large: there is a well-known jewelry production company in Yiwu, which has more than 20 categories and more than 300,000 styles of products in five series, including alloy, claw chain, copper and silver. The sales network covers the whole country, and the products are exported to more than 70 countries and regions overseas. According to reports, the company has 5,600 employees and produces and uses 5 million glass imitation diamonds every day. It takes 600 people to stick these glass imitation diamonds on ornaments every day. Think about it, this company uses 5 million pieces of glass to imitate diamonds every day, and there are tens of thousands of jewelry companies or processing factories across the country. How many glass imitation diamonds do you need every day? How many ornaments can you produce every day? This number must be an amazing astronomical number! According to the data, as of June 5438+00, 2005, there were more than 65438+ 10,000 wholesale markets registered in the industrial and commercial departments nationwide. From the use and production of glassy diamond products by the above companies, we can infer that glassy diamond products are widely used in China and a large number of accessories are produced.

At the beginning of 5.2 1 century, the varieties of artificial products in China increased, and the colors were also increased and improved.

Today, in the market of artificial products in China, people can see that not only there are more and more varieties of artificial products, but also the color of each artificial product is gradually increasing and improving, and it is becoming serialized. In the sales markets of Wuzhou and Yiwu, for the convenience and accuracy of doing business, all kinds of artificial product color cards are bound and numbered, so that buyers can see at a glance that there will be no mistakes when trading. From here, we can also feel the continuous development of China's artificial products industry. The author owns 20 kinds of color cubic zirconia from Hong Kong Yongfu Enterprise Company, 1 1 spinel synthesized by flame melting method, 9 kinds of corundum gems synthesized by flame melting method, and 18 kinds of color cubic zirconia color cards synthesized by Guilin Guitai Company in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. 12 corundum gemstones and 13 spinel color cards synthesized by Juhua Gemstone Factory in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 96 rare earth glass gemstone color cards from Hong Kong Yongfu Enterprise Company, 28 ordinary glass color cards from CITIC Jewelry Company in Qingdao Chengyang Small Commodity Market, and 147 glass "rhinestones" color cards from Wuzhou Gemstone City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Jingjiang City, Jiangsu Province. Therefore, the market of man-made products in China is booming.

At the beginning of 6.2 1 century, the production technology of artificial products in China has made great progress.

The production technology of man-made products in China is 1958. The ruby was grown by flame melting introduced from the former Soviet Union, which has been greatly developed and improved. Facts have proved that:

1) Synthesis of Ruby by Flame Melting: The former Soviet Union used electrolyzed water to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and the power consumption for producing 1kg ruby was about1100 kW h, which was very expensive. In China, using the residual gases of hydrogen and oxygen discharged in the production process of chemical plants to produce rubies not only protects the environment and saves energy, but also reduces the cost, killing two birds with one stone; Fujian Xinlei Zhubao Co., Ltd. also created the gas pressure stabilizing method (strengthening safety) and the rolling operation method in the specific operation, which increased the operation per person from 10 to 80, greatly improving the work efficiency.

2) Synthesis of Cubic Zirconia by Cold Crucible Molten Shell Method: Since 1983 produced cubic zirconia in China, the equipment has been greatly improved. At first, each high frequency furnace in China could only produce 5 kilograms of synthetic cubic zirconia. After the improvement of the equipment, each high frequency furnace can now produce 400 kilograms of synthetic cubic zirconia per furnace, which greatly improves the output and reduces the cost. The size of the synthesized cubic zirconia single crystal is also increased. The previous products were relatively small, each weighing only tens of grams, and now the products can reach more than 1980g; The variety of product colors has also increased a lot (Figure 3).

Fig. 3 Size comparison of synthetic cubic zirconia

3) Synthesis of industrial-grade diamond by high temperature and high pressure method: When China started to produce industrial-grade synthetic diamond in 1963, only/kloc-0 ~15 carats of small-particle synthetic diamond could be obtained each time, but now 60 carats of synthetic diamond can be obtained each time, and the particle size is obviously increased (Figure 4).

Fig. 4 Synthetic industrial grade diamond graphite sheet

4) In the aspect of growing high-quality crystals by melt pulling method: Zhejiang Juhua Gem Factory dares to work hard and is good at creating. The factory that originally produced ruby by flame melting successfully produced synthetic spinel in 1998; 1997, we focused on laser crystal materials, purchased production equipment by melt pulling method, and recruited a group of young people from recent college graduates to tackle key problems. Now these young people have become the backbone of the gem factory. After hard work, we finally produced rare earth-doped YAG crystal for laser in 200 1 year, with excellent performance (Figure 5); 1999 takes aim at the internationally advanced LED crystal for lighting, which is a colorless sapphire crystal grown by fused kyropoulos method. The LED lamp based on this crystal has high brightness and low energy consumption, which is only 1/20 of that of a bulb with the same brightness. In 200 1 year, they aimed at the optical-grade window crystal materials urgently needed by the national defense industry, such as missiles and drones. For this reason, they made their own production equipment by melt pulling method, and its performance exceeded that of similar products abroad. Now they have been able to produce qualified optical-grade window crystal materials with a mass of about 20 kg and a diameter of 250 mm, which has made great contributions to the development of China's cutting-edge science and technology and national defense industry (Figure 6).

Fig. 5 Rare-earth-doped YAG crystal for laser produced by Juhua Company.

Fig. 6 Optical grade colorless sapphire window material

5) Hydrothermal gem growth: China's hydrothermal gem growth base is in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which can grow synthetic emeralds, synthetic rubies and synthetic sapphires of different colors (Figure 7). In order to meet the needs of high-tech development, they successfully grew zinc oxide by hydrothermal method and then KTP crystal, which not only contributed to high-tech development, but also greatly increased economic benefits.

Fig. 7 Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ruby and Emerald

Seven, 265438+at the beginning of the 20th century, China synthetic gem products sprang up.

With the in-depth development of reform and opening up, the whole jewelry industry in China has developed vigorously, which has promoted the development of artificial products industry. The development of jewelry market needs a large number of all kinds of precious stones. The high quality and low price in artificial products are just suitable for the market demand. Although the output of artificial products is higher than that of high-quality natural gems, it still cannot meet the demand of jewelry market. Synthetic imitation gemstones have greatly enriched the variety of China's jewelry market, and the large amount of use is really a sudden emergence. From 265,438 to the beginning of the 20th century, China's synthetic imitation gemstones mainly included glassy imitation starlight gemstones, glassy imitation cat's eye gemstones, rare earth glass gemstones, glassy imitation red coral gemstones, glassy imitation turquoise gemstones and glassy imitation diamonds (Figure 8).

Fig. 8 Glass imitates cat's eye, red coral and turquoise.

Eight, artificial luminous gem-"Qinglong luminous jade"

Speaking of the "night pearl", everyone knows that it is a treasure that can shine in the dark. It is a very rare, precious and mysterious thing, and everyone wants it. The synthesis of noctilucent powder in China began in the 1960s, and it was synthesized by mixing zinc sulfate with copper. During the "Cultural Revolution", it was widely used to make badges and statues of Chairman Mao. This generation of luminous powder is characterized by low luminous brightness and short luminous time. 1989, Germans made a new type of luminous powder with aluminate as matrix and rare earth elements as activator, which is characterized by strong luminous brightness and long luminous time (10 hour or more). However, it was invented by "Beijing Hualong Yang Ya Co., Ltd." and obtained the invention patent number ZL 9665438. This luminous gem is hard in texture and colorful in body color, and can be processed into various ornaments. It can emit light for 26kg at night or in dark places, and can emit different luminous lights according to different components, such as green, yellow-green, blue-green, purple and so on. The body colors on the surface are also green, white, cyan, red and purple. At present, the maximum diameter and weight of luminous jade can reach 170 mm, and "Qinglong luminous jade" releases energy in the form of visible light, which is called cold light source. It has an auxiliary therapeutic effect in medicine and is a rare functional material (Figure 9).

Nine, 265438+the progress of artificial products in other aspects at the beginning of the 20th century.

1) Establishment of local standards for artificial products: In Gem City, Wuzhou, Guangxi, thousands of artificial tablets are traded every day, so it is necessary to evaluate the quality of artificial products. In order to have a * * * standard, Wuzhou City set up a drafting group of artificial products standards, and with the assistance of the government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, formulated the first local standard of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China. There are five standards for artificial products, namely synthetic cubic zirconia, synthetic ruby, synthetic sapphire, synthetic spinel and glass standards. In each standard, the standards of "clarity", "cut classification", "allowable deviation of cut size" and "facet finish" are put forward.

2) Brand strategy of man-made products: the core of the brand is culture, the national spirit accumulated for thousands of years, the common values of all employees of the enterprise, the entrepreneur's personal moral accomplishment and social responsibility consciousness, the need of the enterprise's own development and the voice of entrepreneurs in this industry. The more famous brands a country has, the greater its economic strength and the higher the overall quality of the nation. China is vigorously promoting the strategy of famous jewelry brands. The brand "Li Jinde", which uses artificial products as the main raw materials to make jewelry, has become a well-known trademark in China.

Fig. 9 Qinglong luminous jade carving crafts

The above picture shows light, and the corresponding picture shows darkroom.

3) Increase in processing equipment for artificial products: Wuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region processes 654.38+03.68 billion pieces of artificial products every year. Therefore, they have given more consideration to the processing equipment of man-made products, designed and manufactured many machines, and several of them have obtained national patents. In Wuzhou's artificial products processing industry, different kinds of artificial products should be polished at different grinding speeds, with different polishing discs and polishing powders with different particle sizes, that is, the same kind of gemstones with different sizes are also processed with polishing powders with different particle sizes; For the requirements of different surface smoothness of gemstones, it is necessary to choose different rotating speeds, different polishing discs and different particle sizes of polishing powder, which shows that a lot of work has been done to improve the processing quality and the work has been done very carefully. At present, there are about 30 kinds of artificial products processing equipment produced by Wuzhou, which are sold almost all over the country and exported to Cambodia, Russia and other countries.

4) The export volume of imitation jewelry, mainly artificial products, is increasing year by year. According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs, the export of imitation jewelry was $311million in 2003, $394 million in 2004 and $61/kloc-0 in 2005 (accounting for about1/kloc-0 of the total export).

X. on the development of artificial products industry

The artificial products industry is so prosperous that it certainly has development potential, but it should be carefully observed and analyzed. Opportunities don't wait there, sometimes they are fleeting, so be good at discovering opportunities. The author puts forward the following questions to discuss with you:

1) powerful enterprises or companies should strive to create famous brands.

2) The varieties produced by artificial products should be further developed. In recent years, some artificial new products have been successfully developed abroad, such as the growth of gem-grade diamonds by vapor phase epitaxy, the growth of large-particle gem-grade diamonds by high temperature and ultra-high pressure, the growth of moissanite by high temperature and ultra-high pressure, the growth of emeralds and rubies by flux method, and the growth of dichromatic or trichromatic crystals by hydrothermal method. We hope that powerful enterprises can develop new varieties of artificial products.

3) Where do you need to do business? For example, the small commodity market in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, reflects the hope that manufacturers of artificial products raw materials will open stores in Yiwu, which is convenient for jewelry accessories manufacturers to purchase goods. Yiwu commodity market is world-famous. There are so many domestic and foreign merchants going there to purchase every day, and the business must be good after setting up a stall.

4) Standardize the market, and don't name artificial products casually. Some places are not named according to national standards. For example, Hong Kong people call synthetic cubic zirconia "orthorhombic zircon", while Wuzhou people call synthetic cubic zirconia "synthetic zircon" or simply "zircon". Neither of them is right, because zirconia and zircon are two different minerals, and their chemical composition, crystal structure and physical and chemical properties are different. The chemical composition of cubic zirconia is ZrO2, and its crystal structure is equiaxed. Zircon has a chemical composition of ZrSiO4 and a tetragonal crystal structure. They are completely different and cannot be confused. Another example is the ruby synthesized by flame melting, which is called "red corundum" in Wuzhou. This is also wrong because every mineral has two names. Those who fail to reach the gem level are called mine names, and those who reach the gem level are called gem names. Corundum is a mineral name, and the ruby synthesized by flame melting method has reached the gem level, so it should be called synthetic ruby, not "red corundum". In addition, it is forbidden to use confusing and ambiguous nouns in the "naming principle" of national standards, and "red corundum" belongs to this prohibition. The market with confusing names is not good for the trade of artificial products. To standardize the market, it is necessary to unify the names of artificial products into the national standard.

5) R&D of products urgently needed by the country but in short supply. For example, the country urgently needs energy-saving product crystal LED sapphire crystal (produced by melt pulling method), at least 654.38+00000 pieces per month. At present, the demand exceeds the supply, and all powerful units can produce.