Fremont factory is known as "one of the world famous automobile factories", with a total area of about 65,438+050 hectares and a production office area of 930,000 square meters. The factory has also set up staff training centers, canteens and mobile dining cars, gyms, health centers and outdoor leisure areas.
Schematic diagram of Tesla fremont factory.
Fremont, this place is amazing.
The first is a good climate.
Meteorologists divide the global climate into 13 climate types, one of which is a unique Mediterranean climate, which is only distributed in the narrow strip of 30-40 latitude north and south, and only distributed in the west coast of the mainland, including the Mediterranean coast, California, central Chile, southwest corner of South Africa, southwest Australia and other coastal areas. Fremont, located in the southeast of the San Francisco Bay Area, has a typical Mediterranean climate.
The Mediterranean climate is characterized by warm and humid winter and dry summer, which is called the most suitable climate type for human life.
The Mediterranean climate is scarce, covering only about 2% of the earth, and living with 3% of the "happiest" people in the world. So some people further say that the Mediterranean climate is a particularly luxurious climate, which is customized by the rich. Basically, it is a resort and a gathering place for the rich: the Rhone Valley in France, the Napa Valley in California and the Central Valley in Chile are all famous wine producing areas. The most expensive cities in the world are Monte Carlo on the Mediterranean coast, kamps Bay in Cape Town and Beverly Hills.
Secondly, it has a good industrial environment and is located in Silicon Valley.
The main part of Silicon Valley is located in Santa Clara County at the southern tip of San Francisco Peninsula. It is a valley about 25 miles long. Silicon Valley in a broad sense also includes some cities in san mateo County in the southwest of the Bay Area and some cities in alameda county (such as fremont) in the east of the Bay Area.
Americans say that the word Silicon Valley was invented by Don Hofler, a journalist who likes drinking, chasing stories and spreading gossip. It became popular from 197 1. Previously, this area was called "Happy Valley of the Soul", which was rich in apricots, plums, cherries and almonds.
Margaret Omara said in The Code: Silicon Valley and American Remodeling: "No one sits behind a desk in Washington and says,' This is the way we want to build a technology industry', but it just happens." The implication is that the birth and development of Silicon Valley is not due to the government's unintentional planting of flowers.
195 1 year, frederick terman (known as the "father of silicon valley") became the provost of Stanford, and he presided over the establishment of Stanford Industrial Park. The core purpose of the initial establishment is to make the scientific research achievements of Stanford system, that is, the research and development and production of military technology and weapon systems made in the laboratory, close to Stanford campus.
Later, some people called it "Industry-University-Research integration".
Terman also encourages students to use industrial parks to start businesses. It is said that Hewlett-Packard invested $538 to build a garage, which has been declared as the birthplace of Silicon Valley and has always been a "key cultural relics protection unit".
1953, shockley established a semiconductor laboratory here, and later invented integrated circuits and Moore's Law, which promoted the development of the semiconductor industry.
1970, the first batch of venture capital companies entered Silicon Valley.
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Some people think that the whole world wants to copy Silicon Valley, but no one can succeed. Even predicted that efforts to build another Silicon Valley were doomed to failure.
In fact, it is not difficult to understand: the key meta-technologies such as chips, internet and software are all here. How difficult is it to invent new meta-technologies and develop them into new industries?
The third is convenient transportation. In the southwest of the factory, there is Interstate 880, and in the southeast, there is Interstate 262. The two roads cross just to the south of the factory.
Fremont factory 1960- 1982 was owned by general motors and closed on 1982. From 1984, it was renamed NUMMI, a joint venture between General Motors and Toyota, which was closed in 2008. In July 2009, the factory was sold to Tesla, becoming Tesla's first automobile factory.
A factory that died twice, was born vigorously, and the dead dog jumped over the wall, and now it is experiencing new glory.
Tesla fremont factory
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In "Prosperity and Decline" co-authored by alan greenspan and Adrian Wooldridge, it said: "After independence, the United States faces two completely different development paths. One is an agricultural society composed of yeomen designed by Thomas Jefferson; The other is designed by alexander hamilton, which relies on industrial production to promote technological progress and banks to promote economic operation, and should become an urbanized country. At that time, the United States was also divided into two very different economies: the north mainly operated according to the capitalist system, and the south mainly relied on slaves to develop agriculture. " (But Jefferson accepted Hamilton's point of view when he became president. )
The book Prosperity and Decline points out that Americans are highly mobile and getting stronger and stronger. 1893- 1898, 35% of American families moved, 1920- 1924, 57% of American families moved. After 1900, millions of blacks fled the southern States and went to more prosperous northern industrialized towns, such as Detroit and Chicago. After the 1980s, the trend of population movement was completely reversed, and millions of people fled the rust zone and rushed to the sunshine zone.
Almost simultaneously with the word Silicon Valley, there are two American geographical terms: rust zone and sunshine zone.
Rust belt, also known as ice and snow belt, is to form a contrast with the sunshine belt, but in fact, the fate of these two "belts" is closely related: the sunshine makes the iron belt rust first.
The rust belt starts in central new york, passes through Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Michigan to the west, and also includes northern Illinois, eastern Iowa and southeastern Wisconsin. It used to be the industrial heart of the United States, and industries such as steel, automobiles, coal and textiles were called pillar industries.
1969, Kelvin Phillips said in "* * * and the emergence of the party majority": After the war, a large number of white middle classes began to flock to the sunshine zone, and even changed the electoral map of the United States. 1976, Jimmy Carter successfully ran for president, and Sunshine Zone became a buzzword with rich meanings. Ruan Cishan, a commentator on Phoenix TV, once said: The 12 state in the sunshine zone has always been the ticket warehouse of * * * and the party. In the past 48 years, one of the chairmen and vice-chairmen elected by the CPC must come from the sunshine zone.
The sunshine zone generally refers to the area south of 37 degrees north latitude in the United States, extending from North Carolina, South Carolina and Florida on the Atlantic coast to California on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean. It is sunny, mild and livable, attracting a large number of Americans. After the war, the trend of population movement in the United States is from northeast to west and south, and the population in the southern region is gradually increasing and the economy is booming.
1920, nine of the top ten cities in the United States are located in the northeast and middle, and only one city in the south is on the list.
From 65438 to 0980, the list of the top ten cities in the United States was greatly refreshed, with southern cities accounting for half: Los Angeles, Houston, Dallas, Phoenix and San Diego.
After World War II, the new industrial sectors in the United States, such as electronics, aerospace, semiconductors, airplanes, atomic energy, petrochemicals, etc. The south has gone up. In the mid-1980s, the aerospace industry in the sunshine zone accounted for 75% of the United States, the electronics industry accounted for 2/3, and petrochemical products accounted for 80%.
According to another data, 90% of American economic growth in the 1980s came from the south and west, among which California, Texas and Florida accounted for 60%.
Some studies have pointed out that the large-scale southward migration of American population is related to the Taft-Hatle Act passed in 1947.
Historically, American trade unions have been very strong. According to 1935 Labor Relations Law, only trade unions are qualified to negotiate with employers on behalf of all employees of enterprises, and enterprises may not employ non-trade union members as employees.
One of the important reforms of Taft-hartle Act is to allow states to pass the Right to Work Act, which stipulates that employers shall not discriminate against non-union workers. In states where the Right to Work Law is implemented, workers can keep their jobs without paying membership fees to trade unions. In other states, workers are forced to pay membership dues to trade unions. At present, 29 of the 50 states have passed the Right to Work Law, and the southern states have taken the lead in implementing the Right to Work Law. Business owners prefer to set up their own companies in states that have passed the Right to Work Law, and the domestic population has also moved from states that are forced to pay for trade unions to states that have the right to work.
The labor force migrated to the south, and the emerging industries in the south rose, which rusted the iron belt.
The automobile industry in the United States originated in Detroit, where there are the headquarters of three major automobile companies. The automobile factory was originally concentrated in southern Michigan.
After the war, American automobile factories began to spread everywhere. When the product sales exceed the production capacity of the old base, automobile enterprises often choose to build new factories in densely populated areas to save the freight for vehicle transportation (theoretically, the space for transporting one car can transport the parts needed to assemble three cars).
The location of American automobile factories is harsh, which requires that there are first-class and second-class railway lines near the main traffic lines, no more than 5 miles from the expressway and no more than 40 miles from the international airport.
After the 1960s, the number of automobile models in the United States increased continuously, from 2 195 1 6 to 348 1965, and then to 370 1967. At that time, the production line lacked flexibility. A production line can only produce one model, and generally only 3-4 models can be produced in one process. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the needs of various regions, so the number of automobile factories is gradually increasing. For example, in 1960, there were 12 Chevrolet factories, 5 in the central and western regions, 4 in the east, 2 in the south 1 and 2 in the west.
Due to the development of transportation, the freight rate of the whole vehicle has been declining. 1955, transporting a Chevrolet from Detroit to the west or south, the freight is 38 dollars. 1966, only $65438 is needed. Therefore, American automobile factories began to concentrate in the central and western regions (equivalent to the central region), similar to the distance between east, west, north and south.
During the period of 1950-2008, the population of Detroit decreased by1000000, accounting for 58% of its total population. Today,13 of Detroit citizens are in poverty. The local per capita income is equivalent to half of the American average. In 2008, the suicide rate in Detroit was the highest in the United States, which was 10 times higher than that in new york. In 2009, the unemployment rate in Detroit was as high as 25%, 2.5 times higher than the national average.
French photographer Yves? Marchand? With Roman? Mayfair recorded the image of the decline of Detroit, the capital of automobile industry.
The decline of Detroit is not a case. Edward Gl, a professor at Harvard University, counted in Why Cities Decline that in 1950, the population of six of the largest 16 cities in the United States dropped by more than half. They are Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, New Orleans, Pittsburgh and St. Louis.
There is also a hidden rule about the location of American automobile factories: local government policies and investments. In June 2008, GM decided to close four North American factories, including Janesville, Wisconsin. In order to save this project, the government of Janesville raised nearly $200 million, hoping to compete for the production project of general small cars, but the town of O 'Ryan, Michigan, threw out $654.38+0 billion, which completely shattered Janesville's fantasy.
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Fremont factory was established in 1962 and closed in 1982, mainly producing Chevrolet, Buick and GMC series products.
From 65438 to 0953, GM was the largest manufacturer in the world and a symbol of American economic strength. Its output accounts for 3% of America's gross national product.
The development of General Motors reached its peak in the 1960s. Even one in every two cars sold in the United States comes from General Motors.
1964 was the year when Malibu Mai Rui Bao was born, and it was also the heyday of Chevrolet in the first half of the 20th century.
Malibu's name comes from Malibu Beach, a tourist resort in California, USA. Malibu Beach is one of the most famous beaches in Los Angeles, located in the north of Santa Monica Beach. It is famous because it not only has the typical blue sea and blue sky in Southern California, but also has various shapes and strange stones, and the beach scenery is beautiful and unique. Malibu is one of the richest urban areas in Los Angeles (founded in 199 1). Many Hollywood stars and artists live here, which invisibly increases the popularity of the beach here.
1964, Mai Rui Bao came out as the top model of Chevrolet Chevelle series mid-size cars at that time, which was a combination of dynamic modeling, fine interior and rich configuration. In the first year of listing, it sold 200,000 vehicles and won the model of the year.
1 Daimalibu /Chevelle 0964
During the period of 1965-1966, Mai Ruibao improved its performance such as power, introduced a more powerful 5.4-liter 350-horsepower small cylinder engine and a 6.5-liter 375-horsepower large cylinder engine, adopted a high-load suspension system, and upgraded other performances.
In view of the trend of hatchback modeling, 1968, Chevrolet designers began to carry out a drastic "facelift" on Mai Rui Bao, adopting a hatchback design as fashionable as Camaro, and the rear of the side car has a muscular feeling very close to Camaro.
1973, the third-generation mai Rui Bao still continued the traditional layout of engine front and rear wheel drive, but at this time it has three versions: coupe, four-door sedan and station wagon. During this period, Mai Ruibao began to emerge in the NASCAR automobile competition, and achieved good results, winning 25 championships in total.
1978 In response to the oil crisis that broke out in the 1970s and in order to improve fuel economy, the fourth-generation Mai Rui Bao reduced its body size, but still maintained a fashionable shape. As the oldest generation of car models, Mai Ruibao embarked on the road of designing four-door cars during this period, and ended the era of rear-wheel drive in 1983.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the development of General Motors was in full swing, but in the early 1970s, the United States suffered a natural gas crisis and bid farewell to the era of cheap fuel.
The second generation Malibu /Chevelle 1968
Three generations of Malibu /Chevelle 1973
1978 Four generations of Malibu (Malibu has a date from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s).
Buick Century is the first car designed by Buick Branch with a speed of 100 miles per hour. At that time, Buick Branch needed to give this iconic car a name. One of the executives has just returned from a trip to the British Isles. He told other executives that when the speed is close to 65,438+000 miles per hour, the British call it "creating the century". Everyone likes this name.
Buick century? Cruiser ( 1969)
1973 Buick century? Grandma. sports
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