Basketball was created in 189 1 by Dr. J. naismith, a physical education teacher at the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, the Christian Youth Year developed rapidly all over the United States, and many young people took part in activities, but by the winter of 1890, the number of people taking part in youth activities had obviously decreased. To this end, the leaders of the YMCA are very worried. After analysis, they think it is the lack of novel sports suitable for indoor exercise in winter. At the same time, it is believed that in order to make the new competitive events achieve the expected results and be accepted by people, the following points must be achieved: (1) The new competitive sports must be "civilized" and rude behavior is strictly prohibited to eliminate people's fear of rude behavior in sports at that time. (two) can make up for other projects due to seasonal, climatic and other natural conditions, can be carried out at night and indoors, not affected by these factors. (3) Being able to involve people of different ages and sexes is particularly attractive to young people. According to the above point of view, Dr. james naismith, a physical education teacher at the Boston YMCA Training School in Springmore, Massachusetts, got inspiration from the game in which children threw peaches into bamboo baskets, and learned from the characteristics and difficulties of other ball games, so he designed and invented basketball on February 25th, 189 1. At first, it was called "basketball game". When playing games, Dr. naismith hung two bamboo baskets on the railings on both sides of the gym, which were 65,438+00 feet from the ground, and used football as the game ball. Throw the ball into the opponent's basket and get 1 point. The number of balls hit will determine the outcome of the game. This is the origin of basketball.
The rules of basketball:
Rule number one:
1. Competition method
There are five people in a team, one of whom is the captain, and there are at most seven substitutes, depending on the organizer.
And increase the number. The game is divided into two halves, each half is 20 minutes, and the interval is 10.
Clock. At the end of the game, if the two teams have the same points, overtime will be played for 5 minutes. If it is 5 minutes late, compare the scores.
If it's still the same, we'll play another five-minute overtime until the tie is broken.
2. Fraction type
After the ball is thrown into the basket and approved by the referee, it is counted as a score. 3 points can be scored for the inner input of the branch line; three
You can get 3 points for shooting outside the dividing line and 1 point for free throws.
3. Way of proceeding
At the beginning of the game, each team pushes a jumper to the central jumper area, the referee throws the ball, and the jumpers from both sides start the game. Throw a foul ball.
4. Player replacement
The substitution of each player should be completed within 20 seconds, and the number of substitutions is unlimited. The time to exchange players is when someone fouls, fights for the ball, calls a timeout, etc. The referee can temporarily suspend the timing of the game.
5. Free throw
Each player has four chances to be allowed to foul, and the fifth time he leaves the field. And cannot be played again in the same game. Free throw is shooting when no one can stop or defend it. It is a punishment for the offending party and an opportunity for the opposing party. Stand behind the free throw line and shoot within 5 seconds after receiving the referee's ball. After shooting, you can't cross the free throw line before the ball touches the basket.
lawbreaking
It can be roughly divided into (1) common violations, such as walking with the ball, dribbling twice, kicking the ball or hitting the ball with your fist. (2) jump ball violation, (3) jump ball violation: the jumper can enter the central jump ball area before the jumper touches the ball.
2) Basic Rule 2:
30-second rule
-The attacker must shoot within 30 seconds (24 seconds in NBA and 35 seconds in NCAA) when he is in possession of the ball on the court.
10 second rule
-The team must control the ball from the backcourt and get the ball into the frontcourt (the opposing half) within 10 seconds.
Five-second rule
-After holding the ball, the player must throw the foul ball within 5 seconds. FIBA rules stipulate that free throws must also be made within 5 seconds (NBA rules are 10 seconds).
3-second rule
-Fouls caused by physical contact with opponents, such as disputes with referees.
personal foul
-foul caused by physical contact with the other party.
technical foul
-A player or coach is fouled for poor performance, such as an argument with the referee.
Cancel the game knowledge foul
-The player made a foul action that did not reflect the sportsmanship, such as hitting someone. When this happens, the player should be sent off immediately.
Five fouls by athletes
-No matter whether it is a personal foul or a technical foul, the player must leave the field for five fouls (six in the NBA) and is not allowed to play again.
Contrary to the usual practice
-Violation of rules that are neither personal nor technical. The main violations are: illegal dribbling; Take the ball away; 3 seconds violation; Get the ball out of bounds.
Team member out of bounds
-When the player touches the boundary or out-of-line area with the ball or the ball itself, the ball is out of bounds. The ball doesn't go out of bounds in the air until it hits the line or out of line.
Interference ball interferes with shooting score (present participle form of goal)
-When the shot ball falls to the basket, neither player can touch the ball. Defenders can't touch the ball when it is under the basket.
High-profile athletes
-The player closely watched by the defender must pass, dribble or shoot within 5 seconds, otherwise his team will lose possession of the ball (which is not stipulated in NBA rules).
The ball returned to the backcourt.
-If the team has moved the ball from the backcourt to the frontcourt, the players of the team can no longer move the ball across the center line and transport it back to the backcourt.
Basketball star:
Yao Ming, Kobe Garnett, Payton, McGrady, Carter Kidd, Battier, O 'Neill, Wade Martin Arena, Jordan stockton, Nash, LeBron James, Iverson Nowitzki, kirilenko.
Hill, Weber, mourning,
China's are: Wei Liu, Bater, Du Feng, Zhu, Yi Jianlian and Tang Yudong.
Hu Xuefeng, Hu Weidong, Wang, Zhang Cheng,