Pay attention to health problems
Especially important for the elderly!
What should I pay attention to?
Let's take a look ~
0 1 actively understand aging and aging
The elderly should constantly strengthen their awareness of self-care, learn self-care knowledge, master self-management skills, find and standardize the treatment of diseases at an early stage, and give priority to maintaining their functions in the middle and late stages.
Reasonable diet and balanced nutrition
The diet of the elderly should be regular and quantitative. Daily food varieties should include cereals, miscellaneous beans and potatoes (coarse and fine), animal foods, vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products, nuts, and control the intake of edible oil and salt. It is recommended that the elderly eat three meals at two o'clock. The energy distribution of three meals a day is about 30% for breakfast, 40% for lunch and 30% for dinner. Add snacks or fruit once in the morning and once in the afternoon.
Exercise moderately, step by step
It is best for the elderly to choose light and moderate exercise according to their own situation and hobbies, such as brisk walking, jogging, swimming, dancing and Tai Ji Chuan. 10 1 1 5: 00 am and 3: 00 pm are the best exercise time, and each exercise time is 30 60 minutes.
Quit smoking as soon as possible and limit drinking.
The sooner you quit smoking, the better. If you drink alcohol, you should limit it, avoid drinking alcohol above 45 degrees and avoid excessive drinking.
Keep a good sleep.
The best lunch break every day is about 1 hour. If you have difficulty falling asleep for a long time, snoring or severe apnea, you should seek medical advice in time. If you use sleeping pills, please follow the doctor's advice.
Self-monitoring blood pressure regularly.
You should rest for 5 minutes before the test to avoid emotional excitement, fatigue, smoking and holding your urine. Measure twice each time with an interval of 1 min, and take the average of the two times. Hypertension patients should measure their blood pressure at least three times a day (morning, middle and evening 1 time). Be alert to the early peak of blood pressure to prevent myocardial infarction and stroke; At the same time, we should avoid hypotension, especially hypotension caused by improper medication.
Monitor blood sugar regularly.
The elderly should monitor their blood sugar every 1.2 months, not only fasting blood sugar, but also 2 hours after meals. When the blood sugar of diabetic patients is stable, the blood sugar 1 2 times a week should be monitored at least. The target of blood glucose control in elderly diabetic patients should be relaxed appropriately, that is, fasting blood glucose is 7.8 mmol/L, postprandial blood glucose is 2 hours1.1mmol/L, or glycosylated hemoglobin level is controlled at 7.0% and 7.5%.
Prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
The elderly should maintain a healthy lifestyle and control the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. For example, control the excessive intake of oil and salt, exercise moderately, keep a good sleep, have regular physical examination, find early symptoms of coronary heart disease and stroke, and treat them in time.
Once it is found that the elderly suddenly have symptoms such as weakness or numbness on one side of the face or limbs, hemianopia, language difficulty, dizziness with nausea, vomiting and diplopia. Be sure to dial "120" and send it to a conditional hospital for emergency treatment.
10 pay attention to the decline of audio-visual function
Avoid picking your ears casually; Drink less strong tea and coffee; Strictly grasp the indications of ototoxic drugs (such as gentamicin and streptomycin); Strive for a relatively quiet living environment. When hearing loss is serious, the elderly should go to medical institutions for examination in time and wear hearing AIDS when necessary. Check your eyesight regularly, and seek medical advice in time if your eyesight drops.
Pay attention to oral health care.
Insist on gargling after meals, brushing your teeth in the morning and evening, and using dental floss or toothpicks reasonably; Every six months, 1 oral examination was conducted to repair the cavities in time; Fill your teeth in time and restore your chewing function as soon as possible.
12 fall prevention
More than 90% of fractures in the elderly are caused by falls. We should keep moderate exercise at ordinary times, wear appropriate glasses to improve our eyesight, avoid going out alone and crowded environment, regularly place items indoors, increase lighting, and keep the ground dry and flat.
13 prevention of osteoarthrosis and osteoporosis
Pay attention to keep your knees warm, avoid excessive exercise, go downstairs as little as possible, control your weight and reduce the joint pressure of lower limbs. Increase the time spent in the sun. Advocate a balanced diet rich in calcium, low in salt and moderate in protein, and improve bone strength through moderate exercise such as walking or running.
14 prevention of stress urinary incontinence
Pay attention to changing behaviors and living habits that increase abdominal pressure, such as standing for a long time, squatting, carrying heavy loads, chronic cough for a long time, constipation, etc.
15 Keep a good attitude and learn to guide yourself.
Once the elderly are found to have insomnia, headache, dizziness, tinnitus and other symptoms. , and feel depressed, depressed, restless, unable to lift the spirit, nervous and afraid of a little thing, lack of interest in daily activities, often inferiority, self-blame, guilt, passive and over-dependent, feel that life is meaningless, or feel irritable, tired, chest tightness, sleep disorders, weight loss, dizziness and headache.
16 prevents the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease.
The onset of Alzheimer's disease is mostly after the age of 65, and the main manifestations are continuous progressive memory, language, visual space disorders and personality changes. The elderly should seek medical advice as soon as possible in case of obvious memory loss, amnesia in recent events and other early symptoms, so as to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease.
17 rational drug use
Medication should strictly follow the doctor's advice, master the indications and contraindications, and avoid repeated medication and repeated medication. Do not abuse antibiotics, sedatives, hypnotics, anesthetics, anti-inflammatory painkillers, antiarrhythmic drugs, cardiotonic drugs, etc. Don't use "secret recipe", "folk prescription", "prescription", "new medicine" and "foreign medicine" easily. If there are adverse reactions during medication, you can stop taking the drug temporarily and seek medical advice in time.
18 Regular physical examination
The elderly should have at least/kloc-0 physical examination every year, actively participate in the general survey organized by the government and large hospitals, and attach great importance to the early warning signals of cancer, such as abnormal lumps, intestinal bleeding, weight loss, etc. Once an abnormality is found, you should go to a cancer specialist hospital. If cancer is found, you should go to a regular hospital for standardized treatment. Early detection and early intervention of chronic diseases, and effective intervention measures to reduce the risk of illness. Keep complete medical records.
19 carry a health emergency card with you when you go out.
The card indicates the basic information such as name, home address, work unit, contact information of family members, what disease you have, what may happen, and the main points of simple first aid on the spot. If necessary, indicate the requirements for contacting vehicles and escorting hospitals.
20 others
Advocate the elderly to actively participate in society, participate in physical fitness, cultural entertainment and other activities beneficial to physical and mental health according to their own conditions, and advocate a scientific, civilized and healthy lifestyle. Pay attention to reproductive health and avoid unsafe sex. Advocate the whole society to care for the elderly, and realize the sense of security, medical care, health care, learning and happiness for the elderly.