I. Historical review
1. Speaking of the discovery of tea, people will naturally think of the legend that Shennong tasted a hundred herbs. However, the real historical record of tea as a drink and a kind of spiritual enjoyment should be counted from the Western Han Dynasty. Wang Bao's "Make all the tea" and Wuyang's record of buying tea fully prove the formation of tea drinking custom and the existence of tea market at that time. Changqu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty described many roads of Bashu in Huayang Guozhi. Bazhi ",even with tea as a tribute. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it became a common practice for some people of insight to "cultivate modesty with tea". For example, the satrap of the state of Jin formed the habit of drinking only tea, which is perhaps the best example.
2. The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous dynasty in history. Lu Yu's Tea Ceremony systematically summarizes the experience of making and drinking tea in the Tang Dynasty and before its development, and also puts forward the spirit of tea ceremony of thrift. Lu Yu and some of his contemporaries attached great importance to the spiritual enjoyment and moral norms of tea drinking, tea drinking utensils and the art of brew tea. It can be said that the tea ceremony and tea art in China were thus produced. At that time, the folk tea custom, even the luxurious and grand palace tea banquet, as well as the literati's tea poems, tea paintings and calligraphy, were all concentrated expressions of the formation and development of tea culture.
3. In Song Dynasty, tea production developed further and drinking tea became more popular. As a tribute, Jianzhou Longtuan Wind Cake is even more gaudy. Evonne, the emperor of Song Huizong, wrote Daguan Tea Classic, which is the only emperor in China history who wrote it himself. Many scholars who followed also wrote poems and made tea paintings. At the same time, the art of drinking tea has been further developed, the art of "ordering tea" has been further standardized, the wind of "fighting tea" has prevailed, the Buddhist tea industry has flourished, and the art of drinking tea has spread rapidly abroad and spread all over the world with the spread of Buddhism.
4. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, loose-leaf tea developed rapidly and gradually formed a pattern of various teas. The method of drinking tea has also developed from ordering tea to making tea, and the instruments for making tea have become more and more exquisite, and exquisite teapots and bowls of porcelain tea sets have emerged. It is more popular to treat guests with tea, and there are more teahouses in cities. It is very common to use teahouses for leisure and business talks, and the culture and education of teahouses have also developed.
Second, the connotation, form and social function of China tea culture.
1. In the long river of history, the Chinese nation has continuously transformed nature and created splendid culture at the same time, which has made great contributions to the progress and development of human beings in the world and has far-reaching significance. Tea culture is an important part of cultural education in China, and its connotation is extremely rich, including all aspects of tea production and consumption and its influence on people's spiritual life. 2. The manifestations and forms of tea culture education are both material and spiritual. Show in kind, such as historical relics, relics, tea books, tea paintings, various famous teas, teahouses, tea sets, te amo, tea performances, etc. It is manifested in the spiritual form, such as cha de, the spirit of tea ceremony, hospitality with tea, honesty with tea, and health preservation with tea.
3. Because the connotation of tea culture is extremely rich, both material and spiritual, the social functions and functions of China tea culture in the development process are bound to be various. The relationship between traditional tea culture and people's social life has been very close. Whether it is "Chyi Chin's calligraphy, painting, wine and poetry tea" in the life of historical literati or "rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar tea" in the life of ordinary people, tea is indispensable. With the development of modern tea culture, the social function of tea is more prominent, which can be summarized as 265,438+0: taking tea as a friend, taking tea as a gift, taking tea as a substitute for wine, advocating honesty, taking tea as a model, taking tea as a medium, taking tea as a sacrifice, taking tea as a meditation, taking tea as a poem, taking tea as a painting and taking tea as a model.
Meeting friends with tea: it has always been a fine tradition of the Chinese nation to treat guests with tea. It is new and peaceful for friends to get together and catch up over tea.
Tea party friends: all kinds of social activities, in the form of tea parties, are solemn and lively.
Tea as a gift: when friends and relatives meet and communicate, no matter how solemn high-level talks or important meetings, everyone drinks a cup of tea, showing a respectful etiquette. In modern society, it is noble to treat work as a gift.
Replacing wine with tea: Since ancient times, many people have replaced wine with tea. Modern interpersonal communication advocates replacing wine with tea, which is really noble.
Advocating honesty with tea: a cup of tea to show honesty is an important measure to oppose extravagance and waste and advocate honesty.
Showing virtue with tea: The spirit of tea ceremony in Sennuoliji is "harmony and respect", and China cha de advocated by Zhuang Wan Fang, a famous contemporary tea expert in China, is "sincere respect".
Take tea as an example: take the dedication of tea as an example and advocate being a "tea man" with integrity.
Tea-based cultivation: Since ancient times, many scholars have advocated tea-based cultivation to improve people's moral level.
Tea as a medium: In the history of China, tea has a close relationship with marriage, and the tradition of marrying with tea and marrying with tea has become a custom.
Sacrifice with tea: Many folk funeral activities in China still have the habit of using tea as a sacrifice.
Tea Zen: Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "tea is blindly Zen". Zen tea, general tea and giving tea in the temple tea ceremony are all important ceremonies to realize the Tao with tea.
Take tea as a poem: Many poets in the past dynasties have written tea poems with a wide range of contents and various forms.
Painting with tea: There are many paintings and calligraphy depicting tea parties, making tea and drinking tea in the past dynasties, which are of high artistic value.
Singing and dancing with tea: there are many songs and dances with tea picking as the content, which are very lively.
Performing art with tea: all kinds of tea art performances have appreciation value, and many tea drinking customs of tea, regions and nationalities have strong appeal after artistry.
Tea tourism: Tea tourism is a characteristic tourism project in modern tourism, which is very popular, including visiting famous mountains, temples and drinking famous tea.
Cooking with tea: Many ethnic minority areas have the custom of cooking with new tea. In places where tea culture activities are frequent, the recipes with tea as the dish are also rich and colorful.
Taking tea as food: adding tea to the diet is becoming more and more popular, and tea chewing gum, tea cakes, tea noodles and tea wine are accepted by people.
Tea Banquet: Morning tea and evening tea in various places are generally welcomed by combining tea and snacks.
Fitness with tea: As we all know, tea has many effects on human health, and drinking tea for fitness is the personal experience of many tea lovers.
Taking tea as medicine: it is a new contribution of tea to human health to separate and extract substances with medicinal functions to make drugs for preventing and treating diseases.
Based on the main social functions of tea mentioned above, it can be considered that tea has great influence on social life and social development, and its influence can be summarized as follows:
1. Make friends with tea, make friends with tea, invite guests to worship tea with tea as a gift, advocate "living in harmony with the main city of Guiyang", enhance friendship and adjust social interpersonal relations once every two months.
2. Replacing wine with tea, advocating honesty with tea, advocating the spirit of cha de and tea people, and nourishing sex with tea can improve people's ideological level and promote the construction of social spiritual civilization.
3. By taking tea as the main medium, offering sacrifices to tea and combining tea with Zen, tea can play the role of media and spiritual sustenance.
4. Poetry and painting with tea, singing and dancing with tea, performing arts with tea and traveling in tea country, advocating elegant artistic enjoyment and beautifying people's lives.
5. Cook with tea, eat with tea, hold a banquet with tea, advocate tea as a national drink, and enrich people's diet.
6. Drink tea to strengthen the body, make medicine with tea, give play to the health care function of tea and improve people's health level.
7.2 1 century to promote tea culture and promote social progress and the development of tea industry.
The overall purpose of promoting tea culture is to contribute to the civilization and progress of human society. Specific to the tea industry itself, promoting tea culture should promote the development of tea industry. Therefore, when we are about to enter the 2 1 century, the goal of promoting China tea culture is to promote the growth of tea consumption, benefit human physical and mental health and promote the construction of spiritual civilization. Around this goal, the work that should be carried out at present and at the beginning of the next century is mainly the following aspects:
1. Excavate and sort out the historical data of tea, and establish a treasure house of tea culture in China.
In the history of tea development for thousands of years, tea people in past dynasties wrote books and accumulated a large number of tea historical materials, including tea books, tea poems, tea calligraphy, tea paintings, tea songs, tea amo, tea historical documents, local chronicles and tea records. , very extensive. If we can sort them out, it will be an important treasure house of tea culture education in China, and it is also an important work that must be done to promote tea culture.
2. Discover and protect the historical relics of tea culture education in China, and develop tea culture tourism.
China has a vast tea-growing area and a long history. There are many historical sites related to tea in various places that need to be excavated and protected, such as cliff stone carvings, buildings, ancient tombs, utensils, monuments, pavilions, wells, gardens, trees and so on. Everything that has preservation value should be well protected and managed. Moreover, tea culture tourism can be developed where conditions permit, which can not only expand publicity, but also increase economic income.
3. Give full play to the propaganda function of various media and popularize the knowledge of tea culture.
The promotion of tea culture should not be confined to the small circle of tea culture, but should be widely publicized through various media, so that more tea lovers and consumers can constantly update their knowledge of tea culture, thus promoting tea consumption.
4. Carry forward the spirit of cha de, a tea man, and promote the construction of spiritual civilization.
Whether China's Tea Man Spirit and cha de Spirit should be summarized as one word or several words has not been unified. Lu Yu's "diligence and thrift" and Zhuang Wan Fang's "sincerity, beauty and respect" all have the author's suggestions. Although the formulation has its own emphasis, the basic spirit is the same. We should carry forward the spirit of these tea men and cha de, purify people's thoughts, improve moral standards and promote the development of spiritual civilization.
5. Restore and develop famous historical teas and enrich the market of tea products.
The work of restoring and developing famous historical teas has been widely carried out in various places. This work must be based on the laws of market economy, and we can't pursue high precision unilaterally, and we can't just use single-bud tea. Instead, it is necessary to face mass consumption, build famous brands, and pursue high quality and efficiency.
6. Train and standardize the tea ceremony to guide the healthy development of tea houses.
China is a multi-ethnic country, with different customs and habits of all ethnic groups, and different tea-drinking skills in different places. Various teahouses and teahouses have sprung up all over the country. Although there are differences in grades, they should all be aimed at meeting the legitimate needs of various consumer groups. Therefore, it is the focus of our work to guide consumers how to make a pot (cup) of tea scientifically, how to enjoy drinking and give full play to the drinking value of tea. As for the tea ceremony performance, as an art form, it can be standardized and preserved, but we should not advocate that everyone drinks tea so slowly. It is still the best way for ordinary people in China to follow the craftsman's easy-going way of drinking tea for a long time.
7. Expand international tea culture exchange activities, enhance friendship and promote the development of tea trade.
China tea culture is not only the traditional culture of China people, but also has a positive impact on the world tea culture. Further expansion of international tea culture education exchange activities is conducive to enhancing friendship and promoting the development of the cause of peace, and it is also conducive to more international friends knowing about various tea products in China and promoting the development of international tea trade. 8. Strengthen scientific research on tea and health, and promote tea consumption.
As we all know, drinking tea is good for health. However, how big the health care function of tea is, how to drink it correctly and scientifically to achieve the expected effect, different consumers, different physical conditions, how to choose tea and so on, all need to strengthen scientific research. Only by spreading these scientific knowledge obtained through research to ordinary consumers through various channels can we really promote tea consumption.
China tea culture is extensive and profound. Giving full play to its functions and functions will certainly promote the development of tea industry, promote the progress of human civilization and make positive contributions to social development.