For full-term newborns, the intake of protein is very important. According to the baby's weight, we can calculate the daily intake of protein. The average weight per kilogram is about 3g protein, preferably high-quality protein.
2. sugar
The average sugar intake of full-term infants 1 day is about 25g/100 calories.
3. Amino acids
Nine essential amino acids for newborns are lysine, arginine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and tryptophan.
4. Fat
If the newborn lacks essential fatty acids such as flaxseed acid and arachidonic acid, a series of problems will also occur, such as rash and growth retardation caused by flaxseed acid deficiency and prostaglandin synthesis when arachidonic acid is insufficient.
5, vitamins
(1) Vitamin K: If vitamin K is lacking, babies are prone to hemorrhagic diseases, and relatively speaking, newborns who are exclusively breastfed are more prone to hemorrhagic diseases. Generally speaking, premature infants have an imperfect internal system and are prone to vitamin K deficiency because of poor liver function. In this case, parents should supplement their children with vitamin K 3mg every day, divided into three times, each time 1mg.
(2) Vitamin D: Only by doing enough outdoor activities to expose children's skin to ultraviolet rays in a large area can we get enough vitamin D. However, due to the shelter of high-rise buildings in cities, air pollution, delicate skin of babies and easy sunburn, some parents are unwilling to take their babies for outdoor activities, which leads to their inability to synthesize enough vitamin D.
The most direct consequence of the baby's lack of vitamin D is rickets. In fact, sweating at night, crying, restless sleep, irritability, baldness and irritability are the initial symptoms of rickets. With the aggravation of the disease, there will be symptoms of serious skeletal deformities such as square skull, chicken breast, funnel chest, hand and foot bracelet, X or O-shaped legs.
(3) Vitamin E: Vitamin E, vitamin C and beta carotene have synergistic and complementary antioxidant effects. It can enhance the vitality of brain nerve cells and prevent brain cells from aging and necrosis. It is very important to maintain normal immune function, especially the function of T lymphocytes. Premature babies especially need daily nutrition supplements.
(4) Vitamin A: Vitamin A can promote the formation and development of ocular photosensitive pigments, and relieve symptoms such as dry eye, dry eye and night blindness.
6. Minerals, macroelements and microelements
Sodium: Salt is sodium chloride, which provides necessary sodium for human body. Mother should not eat anything too salty during breastfeeding, but it doesn't mean that sodium is completely unnecessary. It is not right for lactating mothers not to eat salt at all in the second month, and newborns also need salt.
Potassium: Potassium in dairy products can meet the needs of newborns.
Chlorine: Chlorine is absorbed together with sodium and potassium.
Calcium and phosphorus: 50% ~ 70% of calcium in breast milk is absorbed in the intestines of newborns. The absorption rate of milk calcium is only 20%. Therefore, babies who are artificially fed and mixed fed are more prone to calcium deficiency. Generally, the absorption of phosphorus is better and it is not easy to be deficient.
Magnesium: magnesium deficiency affects calcium balance.
Iron: the iron content in breast milk and milk is not high, and the iron in milk is not easy to absorb, so it is easier to lack iron when feeding. The iron storage of full-term infants can be used by infants of 4 ~ 6 months. However, if the mother is short of iron during pregnancy, the newborn may have insufficient iron reserves and should be replenished in time. Premature infants have less iron reserves, only enough for 8 weeks after birth. If it is not supplemented in time, iron deficiency anemia will occur, which will affect the baby's health.
The above minerals and trace elements can be obtained from special water for mother and baby, and also from food.