Published by Beijing People's Sports Publishing House in July 1980.

Wang Zongyue was a native of Shanxi during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty. 1792 teaches in Luoyang, Henan, 1795 teaches in Kaifeng, Henan. His martial arts works include On the Biography of Taiji, an incomplete draft explaining the contents of Changquan and Shisanshi, the revised Song of Boxers and the Music of the Gun in the Infernal Mansion, with four kinds of * * *.

On Taiji Biography is based on ether. Explain that the "thirteen potentials" are based on gossip and five behaviors; The spectrum of Yinfu gun is based on Yinfu. Yin refers to darkness, and symbol refers to combination. Therefore, the symbol of Yin is "static is moving like", just as the principle of Yin's marksmanship is "static like a virgin, moving like a rabbit".

When Wang Zongyue was a teenager, he read classics, Neijing, Tao Te Ching and Sun Tzu's Art of War. He is also proficient in stabbing (fencing and stabbing) and is the best marksman.

On Taiji Biography is actually a paper summarizing the experience of pushing hands. It is based on the simple theory of Yin and Yang in China's ancient philosophy, "One Yin and one Yang is the Tao". As the basic theory of Tai Ji Chuan, Tai Ji Chuan could not practice hard boxing and soft boxing. On the contrary, people realize that rigidity and flexibility are combined. This should be said to be Tai Ji Chuan's main contribution.

Next, I will try to explain Tai Ji Chuan sentence by sentence.

(A) "Tai Chi, born without promise, the mother of Yin and Yang"

The so-called Tai Chi, the ancients "said that before the world was divided, the vitality had been mixed into one, that is, the beginning and the beginning" (easy copula). This is China's ancient theory of evolution, which described Tai Chi as yin and yang, regardless of chaos. It has also been explained that "Tai Chi" is the center of the roof beam of a house, which means the highest and most central thing.

(Taiji diagram) It is round and contains two semi-arc fish-like patterns of Yin and Yang. Tai Ji Chuan adopted this name, symbolizing that Tai Ji Chuan is a round fist with both rigidity and softness.

"Endlessness is life", Zhou Dunyi (10 17- 1073) wrote "Illustration of Tai Chi", which said: "Endlessness is Tai Chi, and Tai Chi moves to generate yang, while moving poles is static; Static leads to yin, and static pole moves again. Dynamic and static are mutually rooted. Divided into yin and yang, two instruments stand.

..... Yin and Yang are one Tai Chi, and Tai Chi is infinite ". Wang Zongyue said: "Taiji people are born with no promise", which is an example based on Taiji.

"Mother of Yin and Yang" means that both Yin and Yang are contained in "Tai Chi", so "Tai Chi" is the "mother of Yin and Yang".

(2) "moving is divided, and static is combined."

The ancients thought Tai Chi was a mixed circle, with both yin and yang. When moving, the mixed circle will change, and the yin will divide the yang. Therefore, Tai Chi gives birth to two devices, that is, "moving will divide". Static time is still a mixed circle. Although the change of yin and yang is relatively static, the principle of yin and yang is completely available, so it is called "the combination of static".

The above five sentences are about the theory of Taiji Chuan. Here, according to this theory, we will explain the essentials and methods of Tai Ji Chuan's pushing hands.

Tai Ji Chuan was created by Chen in Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan Province in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties around the 1960s. In two sentences, he wrote Tai Ji Chuan's original theory "The General Song of Boxing Classics": "I don't know how to stretch it, it depends on winding it", and Wang Zongyue developed it accordingly.

(3). "If there is no fault, you can apply at will."

Pushers should bend and stretch according to changes in objective conditions, and take offensive and defensive actions according to each other's actions. They should not move blindly subjectively, but bend and stretch with each other's movements. People should bend and stretch, people should stretch and bend, and they should be closely related to each other's actions, not too late or lose. Each other in an inch, I retreat an inch; One minute goes in, one minute goes out. If you retreat less, it will become a "top", and if you retreat more, it will become a "loss".

"Go straight, go straight" is the same experience of various sects. The pusher of Taiji Chuan also has the characteristics of "fit" in image, and can practice skin contact and inner body feeling, so as to understand each other's movements, strength points and speed, and make judgments to restrain each other. This is a kind of reconnaissance ability that is more "listening" than judging the opponent's movements only by visual perception.

(4), "People say that I am soft, and I stick to people's backs."

When pushing hands, you should relax, have both offensive and defensive skills, and gradually develop a kind of "soft power." Stiffness is like hard wood, solid but not changing much.

Flexibility is like a steel wire rope, with many changes. As the saying goes, soft rope can bind hardwood. But in theory, softness can overcome rigidity, and rigidity can also overcome softness.

Simple softness is not enough. Tai Ji Chuan advocated "combining rigidity with softness" and "combining rigidity with softness". Stick to walk with softness, which means staying inside for a long time. People just come here, and I just go to fight. This is the skill of both sides fighting each other, not "leading to failure" and "borrowing people to hit people", but "leading the other side away" to make them mainly.

Therefore, to learn from Tai Ji Chuan, we should relax from the beginning, both physically and mentally. When the other party first arrives, I always respond softly, making the other party useless and useless. This is called "walking". The purpose is that I walk smoothly, creating a favorable situation for me, unfavorable to the other side, and unfavorable to the right deviation.

When my opponent's strength is transformed into stamina by me, I exert my strength on his skills with stickiness, which makes him fall into a more unfavorable situation and thus unable to fight back. Stickiness, like glue and raw lacquer, is an important principle of pushing hands.

The word "sticky" was put forward by He Qi Jiguang more than 300 years ago. Martial arts books were first seen in the Sword Sutra written by Yu in Ming Dynasty, and sometimes used in his sparring stick method (non-routine sparring). In the early Qing Dynasty, the spread of Tai Chi was completely pushed by sticky hands, so the use of "sticky" became more and more extensive.

Sticking can make people's reaction faster and their sense of touch more sensitive, so that they can stick together and defeat the enemy.

(5), "Be urgent and slow."

The speed of action depends on the speed of action. You can't make your own decisions. First of all, the arms are relaxed and the sense of touch is sensitive, so as to be quick and slow, and to be in tune everywhere. Only with a keen sense of touch can we achieve "he moved slightly and moved first" and control people without being controlled. ?

(6), "Although the changes are endless, the truth is the same."

Although the movements are ever-changing, they stick to each other, and they are urgent and slow, and they are consistent.

(7), "From familiarity to understanding, from understanding to gods"

This is the three stages of Taijiquan's spreading and pushing: familiarity, enlightenment, order and spirit.

First, be familiar with the style of play, boxing method and boxing potential, such as watching chess. China Wushu Boxing consists of different "potentials", and each "potential" has its main methods of attack and defense and changes, which are intricately applied together. This is called fist, fist and glove. A routine that doesn't talk about attack and skill is called gymnastics, dancing, instruction or eight-stage brocade. Some kinds of boxing only emphasize the beauty of posture, which is not practical. It is called flower boxing and embroidery, and it is artistic martial arts (martial arts is practical). To practice Tai Ji Chuan Pushing Hands, we must first practice body posture, technical footwork, eye posture and every posture (attack and defense methods) correctly and skillfully; Especially the boxing frame, first of all, the posture should be correct, the gloves should be skilled and the breathing should be good. Then give it a try in Pushing Hands and Sanda to see if various viewpoints are useful. I used it. Use the hard one, right? This is the order in which the predecessors taught Tai Ji Chuan, that is, we should first understand the views and changes of each situation, and we should not blindly practice and draw circles.

Second, you can gradually realize the principles of persistence, flexibility and rigidity, appropriateness in deficiency, difference in severity, straightness in music, and backwardness in survival. Now some people learn to push hands, but they don't learn opinions. This is the way to skip classes. Pursuing only strength, not paying attention to opinions, is often unpredictable and does not look at the margin. Because, "force is attached to it, and force is consistent", if the viewpoint is not based on reality, the near is far, and force loses its due role with the "viewpoint". Only with profound knowledge can we use the method skillfully and laboriously. Ideas and knowledge should be combined with natural breathing. It is impossible to combine breathing with movements that are not boxing. For example, it is impossible to combine breathing with two inhalations or two movements together. The higher the quality of knowledge, the greater the power to threaten each other when pushing hands, and the better the use of opinions. Knowledge is mainly realized from the practice of pushing hands. It is impossible to practice boxing without pushing hands. Imagination is knowledgeable, but not in reality.

Third, order and understanding "order and harmony" refers to gradual rise, that is, ladders and ladders must be climbed step by step. "God" means that they are wonderful and clever, follow one's inclinations, form a conditioned reflex, and practice makes perfect. The general meaning of the sentence "from familiarity to understanding strength, from understanding strength to reaching God" is that after mastering the skills of kicking, hitting, throwing and holding, you gradually realize the skills of "strength" and master the master key of "strength" without much understanding, but the skills are used naturally and skillfully, and finally reach the realm of "skillful hands everywhere".

(8), "However, if you don't exert yourself for a long time, you can't get through it all at once."

Exertion means practicing kung fu, not using strength. Without hard study and practice, you can't fully understand it at once.

Insist on practicing boxing and pushing hands and learning palm theory, and there will be several "breakthrough points", and kung fu will never end.

In youth, prime of life and old age, boxing theory has one or more "breakthrough points".

Only by studying, communicating with experienced teachers and friends, and repeatedly learning the theory of palm, can kung fu be practiced on one's own body, which is helpful for treating diseases, protecting health and keeping fit.

So far, Tai Ji Chuan's traditional routines are mainly Chen, Yang, Wu, Wu and Sun. There are three styles: old style, new style and Zhaobao style. Pay attention to every situation. Traditional routines have this characteristic of paying attention to regularity and luck.

Knowing how to practice, it is easy to practice gloves correctly, and it is not unfamiliar to practice, but also combined with breathing. "Combination of Qi and Strength" has higher curative effect and saves boxing time.

(9), "empty collar top strength, gas sink into the abdomen"

Virtual collar jacking strength means that the top of the head should be gently lifted and propped up, which is convenient for the central nervous system to quietly lift its spirit and command.

There are different opinions about Shen. Here may refer to abdominal deep breathing, when inhaling, the abdomen adducts, the diaphragm rises, the stomach bulges and the lungs naturally expand. When breathing, the lower abdomen protrudes, the diaphragm descends, the stomach recovers, and the chest is naturally flat.

Physical and mental training, both internal and external, focuses on internal strength, which is also a major feature of Tai Ji Chuan, known as "Family Boxing".

You can't suppress your abdomen by sinking your breath, and you can't just "sink your breath", but you should "surge your breath". When practicing boxing, you can only use reverse qi, not forward qi.

Cis means that the lower abdomen protrudes when inhaling and retracts when exhaling. Combined in gloves, it can only "sink into the abdomen" all the time, so it must be reversed.

If you breathe along the abdomen, it is useless for practicing boxing, because the attack requires ground reaction and you must sink your breath before you can move forward. Can that be forced forward, and the lower abdomen will be removed and adducted when exhaling?

Reverse deep breathing refers to inhaling when introducing and adducting the lower abdomen; When energetic, the abdomen protrudes and the gas sinks in the abdomen.

The "Xingyi Boxing", "Bagua Boxing", "Nanquan" and "Neijia Boxing" of Neijia Boxing all use abdominal reverse breathing.

Wang Zongyue highly summarized Tai Ji Chuan's theory (at that time, there was only one kind of Chen Tai Ji Chuan, but there was no genre), and he only said "Shen Dantian" about breathing and luck.

Emptiness in upper strength and heaviness in lower abdomen basically summed up Tai Ji Chuan's requirements for pushing hands in boxing practice, and his luck was natural.

(10) "impartial, flickering"

Impartiality means that your body posture should not be skewed and you should not lose your center of gravity. Impartiality means being self-righteous in form and manner, and impartiality means not losing to the world. Don't rely on anything to maintain balance, but be upright, comfortable and independent.

Twinkling and flickering means that qi and energy should seem appropriate or inappropriate, and they should be neglected and heavy, while deficiency is uncertain and changeable, making it difficult for the other party to adapt to one thing and lose another.

(1 1), "Left is heavy, left is empty, and right is heavy."

Inheriting the above, we should not only be "impartial, flickering", but also be able to make the other side attack hard from the left, while my left side is empty, and the empty lead does not meet the top resistance, which makes the momentum fail; If the opponent attacks hard from the right side, then my right side is empty, I will lead and retreat without a fight, so the momentum will fail. This is not a double disease.

Practicing everywhere can make empty, empty and chess better, so that the other side is tied up.

Both "emptiness" and "emptiness" are elusive.

(12), "the head is high, the head is deep, the advance is long, and the retreat is fast."

The word "rice" is interpreted as "more". I use the method of failure of adhesive arc introduction, and the other side attacks upward, and I pull at high altitude, which makes it feel unattainable, the heel floats and the volley loses weight; If the other side attacks, I will lead it down, and I will feel that I am on the edge of the abyss, teetering and sinking deeper and deeper; If the other person moves forward and I introduce him gradually, he won't touch me, and he will feel that the longer he moves forward, the more out of reach. After I insisted on attacking, the more I flinched, the more I felt I couldn't get away.

These four situations are closely related. Don't lose your head, just follow the people. There is motivation when there is an opportunity, and there is no motivation when there is no opportunity.

As long as you practice the above pushing skills seriously, everyone can make progress to varying degrees. However, this pushing technique can be said to be endless, so it can be said to be a fitness and self-defense technique that is never too old to learn.

Pushing skills are quite similar, and it is not easy to play such skills. If there is a big gap (such as strength, endurance, speed, agility, skills, etc. ), this advanced skill will be displayed.

(13) "You can't add a dime, flies can't fall, people are not as good as me, I know people alone."

This is the sense of form, capacity and inner body, which is extremely sensitive. Touch it a little, you can feel it, and you will leave immediately. If he is proficient in a kung fu, he can do it: as long as he hates chicken feathers, a fly or a bug can feel any part of the human body and take immediate action; When pushing hands, I can make him worse than me, and I can get to know him.

(14) "Heroes are invincible, and everyone is covered by it."

This sentence shows that Wang Zongyue is self-centered. He was born over 200 years ago. China martial artists at that time believed that melee skills could still play a decisive role in the battlefield.

(15) "There are many side doors. Although the situation is different, it is nothing more than bullying, slow down and listen quickly."

There are many schools of this kind of boxing. Although their postures and movements are different, they are nothing more than strength and speed.

(16), "Strength, slowness and quickness are innate natural abilities, and have nothing to do with academic ability."

The so-called beating the weak with the strong, defeating the weak with the strong, and being quick and slow are all innate instincts, not acquired. It seems that these two paragraphs have sectarian views and metaphysical arguments. It is really sectarianism to say that other kinds of boxing are "side doors" and "main doors".

There are strong and weak strengths, and it is a rule to be quick and slow, but strength and speed are not innate, and you need to learn and exercise to increase strength and speed. So it is wrong to say "nothing but academic ability".

Tai Ji Chuan, as far as the meaning of its name is concerned, has softness and rigidity, lightness and heaviness, and quickness and slowness. "Four or two kilos", but also to practice "mixed body kilos", so simply emphasize on the one hand, there is one-sidedness, that is, knowing one and not knowing the other.

(17) the sentence "check four or two to dial a thousand pounds" is obviously not a victory; What can we do to see the old form conquer the masses? "

There is a saying in Cha (the song of the hitter) that "four, two, one move is a thousand pounds", which is obviously not to win people with great strength; Seeing that people who are old (70-80 years old) or old (80-90 years old) can still cope with the siege of others and win, but older people are weak and slow to move, and they can still beat others, which shows that "fast" may not necessarily win.

Song of the Fighter was thought to be the work of Wang Zongyue. Some people judge that Song of the Boxer is the work of Wang Zongyue's predecessors from the word "cha" in boxing theory, which is quite right. Later, I checked Chen Jiagou's original four sentences of Song of the Fighter, and concluded that six sentences of Song of the Fighter were revised by Wang Zongyue.

These four sentences emphasize the technical function of small strength to strong strength.

(18) "Stand as a scale, live as a wheel, sink as a stream, and multiply as a stream."

Always keep balance and maintain the correct posture, like a scale; Skills are as round as wheels, not only will they not be affected by the coming power, but they can also be thrown out; No matter how fierce the situation is, we must persist and not resist. If the attachment is loose, it will not be stressed, which is called "partial sinking" If you can do it, you can follow suit and make the other side strong but not strong. It is useless to be strong. When you push your hand, you should avoid the two sides colliding with each other. If both sides resist, you can't follow and act slowly, and the result is still the same.

(19) "Every few years, if you are slow to work, you will not be able to move, and you will be self-made, and you will not realize your double illness."

It is often seen that people who have practiced Tai Ji Chuan's pushing hands for many years can't understand the principles of "understanding power" and "persisting" well, and they often can't control people, but are controlled by others. This is all caused by trying to resist and committing double diseases without knowing it.

Wang Zongyue said this sentence 200 years ago. At that time, Taiji Chuan practiced boxing not as an old, weak and sick person, but as a strong man. They don't understand double diseases and don't hit people, but most of them are done by people. Nowadays, most people who practice pushing hands are people with weak strength and weak foundation, and they don't know anything about "double" diseases and methods. It's no wonder that some people who practice wrestling or hard boxing say that Tai Ji Chuan usually practices with a rotten shelf.

(20), "If you want to avoid this disease, you should know Yin and Yang; Stick it, stick it, yang does not leave yin, yin does not leave yang; The combination of yin and yang is the only way to understand power. "

To avoid the problem of "resisting hard and not going", we must understand the changes of yin and yang. Yin refers to softness, weakness, lightness, convergence, preparation and inspiration. Yang refers to fortitude, firmness, heaviness, openness, vitality and breath.

Adhesion can be changed at any time, so adhesion is also going; Walking can be converted into adhesion at any time, so walking is also sticky.

There are opening and closing, opening and closing, opening and closing; There is virtual reality, virtual reality, virtual reality; This is true and false, combining rigidity with softness, opening and closing moderately, and being flexible, which makes the other party lose sight of one thing, be at a loss, be at a loss and be passive. Masculinity is inseparable from femininity, and femininity is inseparable from masculinity.

There is yin and yang, there is emptiness and reality, there is softness and rigidity, yin and yang are combined, and the virtual and real pages change each other, and softness and rigidity are considered to be savvy.

(2 1) "After learning, the more you practice, the more refined you are, and slowly you learn from your heart."

Understand the strength, stick to each other, practice more skillfully and accurately, think more while practicing, meditate frequently and realize the Tao, and use learning and thinking, so that you can gradually do what you want, be lighter and more threatening, and judge the size, length, trend and speed of the strength, and fight back from where you rely.

(22), "this is self-denial, many mistakes. The so-called difference is thousands of miles. Scholars should distinguish in detail. This is a theory. "

Pushing hands is originally a skill of giving up who I am and following the crowd, which conforms to objective laws and does not make decisions on my own; If you take the initiative to use fixed methods and violate objective laws, you will inevitably lose, push and bump, not introduce, but lose, which is more wrong than going too far. Small differences, but the results are thousands of miles away.

The same is true for practicing boxing and pushing hands, and learners should distinguish this truth in detail.