Sweat is the liquid secreted by sweat glands. Sweating due to thermal stimulation caused by the increase of external temperature or internal heat production is called perceptual sweating. At this time, the sweating area is widely distributed, and the skin in all parts of the body, especially the forehead, neck, trunk, waist, back of hand and forearm, is the most; Followed by the neck, trunk side and most limbs; Once again, the inner thigh and armpit; At least the palms and feet. Mental stress can also lead to sweating, and sweating centers are distributed in all parts of the central nervous system. Normal people unconsciously evaporate about 600 ~ 700 ml of water within 24 hours.
Composition of sweat
What's in a glass of sweat? 98 ~ 99% of the composition is mainly water, with a specific gravity of about 1.002 ~ 1.003 and a pH value of 4.2 ~ 7.5. NaCl is about 300mg/ 100ml. 1 ~ 2% is a small amount of urea, lactic acid and fatty acid.
98 ~ 99% of the composition is mainly water, with a specific gravity of about 1.002 ~ 1.003 and a pH value of 4.2 ~ 7.5. NaCl is about 300mg/ 100ml.
1 ~ 2% is a small amount of urea, lactic acid and fatty acid.
Sweat is the liquid secreted by sweat glands. Sweating due to thermal stimulation caused by the increase of external temperature or internal heat production is called perceptual sweating. At this time, the sweating area is widely distributed, and the skin in all parts of the body, especially the forehead, neck, trunk, waist, back of hand and forearm, is the most; Followed by the neck, trunk side and most limbs; Once again, the inner thigh and armpit; At least the palms and feet. Mental stress can also lead to sweating, and sweating centers are distributed in all parts of the central nervous system. Normal people unconsciously evaporate about 600 ~ 700 ml of water within 24 hours.
Sweating amount
Sweating is divided into active and passive. Passive sweating refers to sweating due to sultry weather and irritability, which is harmful to human body. On the contrary, the sweat that the human body actively exercises is called active sweating, which is conducive to maintaining the temperature in the human body and emitting heat, which is beneficial to people's physical and mental health.
The function of sweat is to regulate body temperature. Think about it carefully, the human body is really like a precise machine. If you don't sweat, that's not good. As soon as you exercise, your blood circulation will speed up and your body temperature will rise. Naturally, you will sweat and your body temperature will drop. When it is cold, sweat glands and pores contract, thus stopping sweating and preventing body temperature loss.
Sweat is the "air conditioner" of our body. Chinese medicine believes that sweating is a kind of detoxification in summer. There are two ways for people to detoxify: one is urination, and the other is sweating. Sweating is the most effective way to detoxify. Only in summer can you sweat naturally all year round, which will be good for human metabolism, meridian balance and immune system health. If you don't sweat for a long time, your skin won't breathe, which will eventually cause many disorders in your metabolic system, and the detoxification function of this skin will be transferred to your kidneys and liver.
Influence of sweat on human body
Sweat components can be divided into inorganic components and organic components, both of which are metabolites in the body. Inorganic components are mainly salts such as sodium chloride and calcium carbonate, some of which are acidic and some are alkaline. Excessive accumulation of these acid and alkali components will directly corrode the skin, destroy the tissues and cells of the skin, and lead to skin aging. The accumulation of organic components in sweat on the body surface is more conducive to the reproduction of microorganisms on the body surface under the impetus of high temperature weather.
Due to air pollution and the use of equipment in gymnasiums, a large number of bacteria and parasites on the skin surface will decompose the organic components in sweat, produce various toxic substances and release malodorous gases, thus producing a serious "sweat odor" and even causing skin diseases, which are also commonly known as sweat rash, folliculitis, eczema, boils and miliaria.
In addition, sweating will reduce the resistance of the skin. Sweat and sebum are secreted normally, and form a sebum film after mixing on the skin. Excessive sweating, the proportion of sweat and sebum is unbalanced, and sebum will be washed away by sweat and become thinner. Generally speaking, normal weak acidic skin will become alkaline, so the resistance of bacteria will be weakened and the bactericidal power will also decrease. Some people will have skin diseases, and some people's skin will become rough.
Sweat and replenish water.
Exercise can get rid of some sweat and lose some weight, but it should be noted that the water and electrolyte of the body are quietly lost at this time.
The main electrolytes in sweat are sodium ions and chloride ions, and a small amount of potassium and calcium. Under long-term exercise, the lost sweat contains the most sodium, and the loss of sodium ions and chloride ions can not adjust the physiological changes such as body fluids and temperature in time. At this time, supplementing water may not be enough to cope with the loss of electrolyte. Blindly drinking too much boiled water will dilute the electrolyte in the blood, leading to hyponatremia. Sports drinks can not only replenish water, but also contain sodium, potassium, chlorine plasma and glucose, and can also replenish lost electrolytes.
Remember to rest every 15 minutes to half an hour after exercise to replenish water. Once you are seriously short of water, feel muscle weakness, nausea and vomiting, you can add half a teaspoon of salt to your drinking water to supplement the lost salt. Don't drink too much water. The correct speed of drinking water should be sipping slowly, so that the body can achieve good absorption effect.
The temperature of drinking water should be close to room temperature. Drinking cold boiled water after strenuous exercise can easily stimulate the respiratory and digestive systems and affect the expansion of the body; Overheated water can easily burn the mouth and esophagus, which will slow down the absorption of the stomach.
Commercial sports drink contains glucose, electrolyte and water, so it can also be used as a substitute for drinking water, but it is not suitable for excessive drinking; When you don't exercise, you'd better drink less. Fruits with high water content, such as watermelons and pears, are also good supplementary sources of water.
In fact, for a small part of sweating loss, the electrolyte stored in the body will be automatically released into the blood to keep the electrolyte in the blood constant, so it is only necessary to replenish water after a short period of exercise or sweating. In addition to sports drinks containing electrolytes, ordinary fruits and juices are also foods with high sugar content, which is also very helpful for the body to recover and maintain electrolyte levels after exercise, and can also make you not insist on sports drinks after sweating.
Sweat prevents dehydration
Although sweating is a physiological regulation, excessive sweating and insufficient fluid replacement will lead to dehydration and affect health. Mild people are thirsty, have less urine, are weak, have muscle spasms, and severe people suffer from heatstroke, high temperature and even life-threatening. Long-term indoor activities in summer, due to poor air circulation, even under air conditioning conditions, the human body will lose a lot of body fluids through evaporation, breathing, urination and other inconspicuous sweating methods, resulting in dehydration phenomena such as fatigue and thirst.
How to determine the loss of body fluids? How to replenish lost body fluids? Generally, the method of weighing is used, that is, weighing before and after exercise, and the difference in weight is the amount of sweat during exercise. Rehydration is based on the weight lost that day. For every 65,438 0 kg weight loss, at least 65,438 0,500 ml (65,438 0.5 L) of liquid should be added to correct dehydration. According to experience, basketball may lose 0.9 ~ 1 .6 liters of sweat per hour, football may lose 0.6 ~ 2.42 liters of sweat per hour, and bicycle may lose 0.62 ~ 1 .25 liters of sweat per hour. Dehydration can only be effectively corrected by supplementing body fluids which are 1.5 times of the loss.
The American Sports Medicine Association suggests that 500ml of liquid should be added 2 hours before exercise, and 750 ~ 1000 ml should be added 2 hours before exercise in hot summer. Generally, you can drink 200 ~ 400 ml of electrolyte-containing liquid before exercising or going out in summer, and replenish 150 ~ 250 ml of electrolyte sports drink every time during exercise until exercise or sweating stops, and the rest of the liquid can be replenished within 6 ~ 12 hours.
Abnormal signs of sweating
All kinds of "sweat" can be used as one of the diagnostic basis for spying on diseases.
Cold sweat whenever a person is sick, frightened, particularly nervous, or has physical and psychological dysfunction, he will constantly discharge a lot of sweat and feel cold. After sweating, I often feel "lingering fear".
Sticky sweat
Sweat is sticky and fever, which is a kind of sick sweat after taking antipyretic drugs. If damp heat stays inside, when it bothers the skin, sticky sweat will appear.
Yellow sweat turns yellow and looks like yellow paper, which is mostly caused by cold water bathing after sweating, the evil of cold and dampness entering, or the stagnation of cold and dampness in the texture, resulting in abnormal sweat excretion and increased urea content in sweat.
Sweat and sweating are also called red sweat and muscle bleeding. Sweat is reddish, like meat washing water. Chinese medicine believes that every time qi, blood, yin and yang are on the high side or on the low side, liver fire is vigorous, and yang failure cannot consolidate the exterior, sweat turns red. Modern medicine believes that it is related to endocrine disorders.
Whenever you are emotional, nervous, tired from work and talk too much, your nose will sweat. Sweat seeped from both sides of the bridge of the nose and dripped slowly, and the sweat was crystal clear. It is more common in people with weak lung qi deficiency.
Sweating on the forehead is limited to the forehead, and even sweating is like steaming hot air, so it is commonly known as "steamer head". Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the head is a "meeting of all yang" and a "house of wisdom". All exogenous six evils, stagnation of spleen and stomach and injury of viscera can cause sweating on the head and forehead.
Half of my head is sweaty. The whole head is divided into two parts by the nose. Half the head sweats, and the other half doesn't sweat. This is because the husband and wife share the same room after a serious illness, and both yin and yang are deficient, which leads to cold blocking the meridians.
Half body sweating means half body sweating, while the other half body does not sweat or sweats a lot. Most of them are caused by qi and blood deficiency blocking meridians, which are common in young hypertensive encephalopathy, renal hypertension, stroke, hemiplegia, paraplegia and so on.
Overworked sweating refers to excessive sweating in the middle part of the heart socket and breast, but no or less sweating in other parts, mostly due to excessive anxiety, thinking, shock and fear, so that the heart does not control blood, the spleen does not control blood, and the chest is sweaty. Common in overworked intellectuals.
Chinese medicine believes that "spleen governs limbs". Damp-heat of spleen and stomach, insufficient internal steaming, blood deficiency, yang deficiency and Yang Can deficiency all lead to hyperhidrosis of hands and feet. Seriously, whether it's cold or hot, my hands and feet are sweaty.
Perspiration in perineum is limited to perineum and external genitalia. Anyone who bets on damp-heat and kidney-yang deficiency can cause sweating to be gloomy and smelly. If young women suffer from gynecological diseases such as pruritus vulvae and vaginitis, abnormal perineal sweat may also occur.
Sweat under the armpit smells like fox, and it is more intense when sweating in summer. This is due to the abnormal secretion of apocrine glands distributed in armpits, legs and armpits. More common in young people, women are more than men, especially adolescent girls.
The burnt smell is sweaty and persistent, emitting burnt smell or burning coal smell. In severe cases, the burnt smell is very strong, which can stimulate people around to sneeze and shed tears. This disease is limited to young men, masturbating too often, or wet dream's nocturnal emission, and not paying attention to cleaning perineum. In addition, "war sweating" of patients with high fever, "sweating" after surgery or female childbirth, "sweating" at the end of life, spontaneous sweating and night sweats are all different pathological changes or abnormal sweating.
Treating the above-mentioned "sweating" can neither be burdened with thoughts nor taken lightly. To go to the local hospital in time, please ask the doctor to treat according to the symptoms, so that the disease can recover as soon as possible and restore normal sweating function.
Sweating is a health warning.
We can capture, analyze and judge the relationship between sweat and disease from the aspects of color, smell, location and whether there are accompanying symptoms:
Yellow sweat is yellow at first glance, which is mostly caused by the high concentration of a substance called bilirubin in the blood, mainly seen in hepatobiliary diseases, such as acute and chronic hepatitis, cholecystitis and cirrhosis. In addition, excessive consumption of carrots, oranges, oranges and other fruits and vegetables can also cause temporary yellow sweat. White sweat from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, white belongs to the lung, and white sweat appears when the lung color is exposed, which is mostly caused by yang deficiency of the heart and lung, and is often related to weak heart and lung function. Sometimes, severe pain (such as stomachache) can also cause white sweat. Red sweat is red, which is mostly related to endocrine dysfunction, or it may be bleeding in a certain part of the body. However, taking chemicals such as potassium iodide can also cause red sweat. Green sweat turns blue-green, suggesting bile leakage, such as acute suppurative cholangitis.
Second, urine smells bad. Sweat smells like urine. Sweating will leave crystals on the skin, which is very common in uremia patients. Smelly sweat has a special fishy smell, which is more common in liver cirrhosis. Scented sweat gives off fragrance, which is usually a sign of diabetic patients.
Third, sweating on the left and right sides of the body or sweating on the upper and lower bodies are more common in patients with rheumatism and hemiplegia, and sometimes it is also a signal that a stroke is coming. Sweating on the forehead is limited to the forehead. It is normal if you sweat less and have no other symptoms. If it happens to a patient, it may be a sign of aggravation. Sweating on both sides of the nose wing is mostly a manifestation of lung deficiency. Sweating between breasts is limited to two breasts, which may be caused by mental fatigue and physical fatigue and sad spleen. Genital sweating is limited to the periphery of the genitals and is usually related to kidney disease. Sweating on hands and feet is mostly caused by blood deficiency and yang deficiency. Due to mental stress, sweating on hands and feet is normal.
Fourth, people with symptoms such as excessive sweating, fear of heat, increased food intake, rapid heartbeat and trembling limbs may suffer from hyperthyroidism. Cold sweat, pallor and syncope may be hypoglycemia. Hyperhidrosis is paroxysmal with elevated blood pressure, which may be caused by pheochromocytoma.
Male sweating depresses women.
Biologists at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States have found that the sweat discharged by men has an unexpected good effect on women's emotions: it can help women reduce stress, make them relax, and even affect their menstrual cycle.
The researchers collected sweat samples from men's armpits for four weeks, during which they were not allowed to use deodorant. Then they mixed these sweat extracts and sprayed them on the upper lips of 18 women aged 25 to 45. These women used a fixed standard to evaluate their emotions within 6 hours, and found that sweat extract made them feel high and helped to reduce tension.
There is no indication that male perspiration will cause female sexual desire. In fact, these women who participated in the experiment never thought that it was men's sweat splashing under their noses. The researchers said: "The experiments are conducted in a completely sterile environment, and it is not surprising that they will not have sex. If it is in a sexy environment, exposure to this smell may promote sexual awareness. "
Sweat promotion men's magazine
Recently, Psychology and Marketing magazine published a research result by a British scholar. A pheromone in male sweat will make men want to see something that can help them improve their masculinity. Michael Kirk-Smith of the University of Ulster in England and Klaus Herbst of the University of Vienna in Austria designed this research content. They presented three magazines to 120 college student volunteers, one is a women's magazine called Attraction, the other is neutral National Geographic, and the other is Men's Health. Volunteers were equally divided into two groups, with equal numbers of men and women. They all wore masks. The masks of the first group of volunteers were sprayed with a solution containing androstenol pheromone, which was found in sweat secreted by men under their armpits.
The results showed that compared with the control group, male volunteers who sprayed pheromones on masks obviously showed greater interest in men's magazines, and they also showed a stronger desire to buy magazines. In this study, female volunteers seem to be completely unaffected by pheromones.