Mohism advocates penance and its organizational system is extremely strict. There are many schools of thought that advocate penance in history, but they are basically natural philosophies, and there is almost no philosophy that advocates penance like Mohism. "Huainanzi" notes: "One hundred and eighty people who serve Mozi can make them go through fire and water and die without returning to their heels." "The bird has been sliding for Mozi for three years, with calluses on its hands and feet, dark face and body, and dare not ask for it. Mohism has always had the habit of dying with its own body, and the most typical one is the death of Meng Sheng and his disciples 183. According to "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", Meng, a giant of Mohism, was promoted to be the ruler of Yangcheng, and listed jade as a letter. However, Yang Chengjun fled because he did not participate in the coup, and the king of Chu wanted to take back Yang Chengjun's fief. However, Meng Sheng disobeyed orders because he didn't get the other half of Huang Yu, and committed suicide in order to safeguard Mohist morality. Disciple 183 died. Please note that they are not martyrs of teachers or cities, but martyrs of justice. Student Xu Wei said: "As the master said, the weak die first to get rid of the Tao. "... this is based on death, not simple martyrdom. This shows the rigor of Mohist practice from another side. It can be said that Mohist disciples are basically dead, which is by no means something that everyone can do and carry out. Mohist theory may be widely spread, but few people can really become Mohist apprentices.
2. Political stance
Mohism represents the position of the common people. Many of his thoughts are basically opposed to Confucianism. Mohism advocates "non-music", that is, to get rid of the shackles of hierarchical rites and music and abolish the tedious and extravagant manufacture and performance of chimes. In Mohism's view, the ancient music advocated by Confucianism is time-consuming and expensive, and the country has no production and is useless. Mohism advocates "festival burial", that is, not wasting social wealth on the dead. Confucian burial costs money, but the mourning period takes three years. After three years, people are weak and need help to start, which affects the productivity of the country and is extremely wasteful. Mohism advocates "universal love", that is, complete fraternity, which is opposite to the closeness of Confucianism, and extends the ways of treating relatives such as kindness from the father, filial piety from the son, brotherly friendship and brotherly care. , to other strangers. What I want to mention here is that Liang Qichao believes that Confucian moral thought has two meanings. The more negative one is "forgiveness", that is, don't do to others what you don't want others to do; What is positive is "benevolence". Confucius said, "A benevolent man wants to stand, but if he wants to stand, he can succeed. Mohism probably means "universal love", and the highest state of benevolence is "Hui Ze is the world", that is, Confucius said that "the benevolent loves what he loves, but he doesn't love what he doesn't", and Mencius also said that "I am old and old, young and young, and young people are lucky in the world. But Confucianism does emphasize kissing. Liang Qichao's explanation is that people have similar consciousness. The so-called benevolent is that the scope of similar consciousness is wider than ordinary people and can love the world. However, if you want the so-called universal love of Daren Jimo's family, you must first love the people you love, even your relatives. What kind of fraternity is there? And I think Confucianism is better than Mohism because Confucius realized that not everyone has such a high ideological consciousness, so he first emphasized pro-Qin, which is the key to social harmony. In this respect, Mohism is more idealistic. In essence, interests and classes have different positions and different starting points. Confucianism represents the aristocratic position, which is considered from the perspective of rulers. It advocates hierarchical order. Mohism, on behalf of the common people, advocates "indiscriminate fraternity". Such an idea is not only difficult for rulers to feel happy, but also difficult for ordinary people to accept. Although their wishes are sincere and beautiful, not everyone is Mo Zhai, but Mo Zhai is indeed a saint. If you want to choose between Confucianism and Mohism, I'm afraid the rulers will choose Confucianism, which maintains the hierarchy.
Three systems
In particular, it is worth mentioning-
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Huang Lao was respected, and he ruled by doing nothing and recuperated. Until the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dou Taihou was furious about Emperor Wu's plan to use Confucian scholars. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it goes without saying that a hundred Confucian schools were ousted. For the next two thousand years, it has been openly accepting Confucianism. As for legalists. The Qin dynasty adopted the legalist theory. All dynasties from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty followed the system of the Qin Dynasty. Although they are "Confucianism" on the surface, they just packaged the government with Confucianism, which made the legalist thought hidden in the "dynasty". The emperor and the people are basically the way of users. Confucianism outside the law has been practiced for two thousand years.
What did you find?
-Taoism, Legalism and Confucianism were really implemented in the ancient county system in China, but Mohism was not.
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