From the appearance, there is no essential difference between "Peace" space station and "Salute" space station, because Russians have inherited the successful experience of the previous generation to the greatest extent in the design of the next generation of aircraft, which can not only greatly shorten the development cycle and save the development cost, but also make full use of the research results of the previous generation.
The core cabin length of "Peace" space station is 13. 13 meters, the maximum diameter is 4. 15 meters, the overall weight is 20.4 tons, and the sealed volume is 90 cubic meters.
The "Peace" space station also includes three cabins: docking transition cabin, working and living cabin and instrument and equipment cabin. The composition of the cabin is basically the same as that of the salute space station, but the internal equipment and layout have changed greatly.
Dock the transition cabin. The foremost spherical module is the docking transition module, which is a newly added module on Mir. The front end of the engine room is spherical with a diameter of 2.2 meters; The back section is a frustum with a maximum diameter of 2.9 meters and a frustum length of 2.84 meters, which is connected with the working and living cabin at the back.
Compared with the salute space station, the biggest improvement of the docking transition cabin is that the spherical part has five docking ports, while the salute has only two. The distribution of these five pairs of interfaces is as follows: one pair is at the shaft head, which is mainly used for docking with the manned spacecraft Soyuz and is the import and export of astronauts; The other four are on the four sides of the sphere, mainly docking with the scientific experiment module. At the same time, in order to cooperate with five docking ports, its docking mechanism has also adopted a new mechanism and added an auxiliary manipulator. Adding docking ports, changing docking structure and equipped with rotatable manipulator are also a major feature of the "Peace" space station.
Directly behind the docking transition cabin is the working and living cabin. The working and living module is very similar to the salute space station, and it is also divided into two modules: the first working module and the second working module. The diameter of the first working cabin is 2.9 meters, and the diameter of the second working cabin is 4. 15 meters. They are connected by a small cone with a total length of 7.7 meters.
Radiators and solar panels are also installed outside the first working cabin, and there are mainly control system equipment (such as main console), air regenerator, water recovery and treatment equipment and temperature control equipment in the cabin. There are two large solar cell arrays on both sides of the working cabin, with a total area of 80 square meters, and the total power is 7 times larger than that of the salute 1 times, reaching 9 kilowatts. Manipulation and docking control system is more scientific. Its "heading" docking control device can automatically control the spacecraft to dock peacefully without maneuvering. An "integrated computer system" consisting of seven electronic computers on the station can not only ensure automatic docking, but also test most functions of all systems on the station and measure their working state data. Moreover, while automatically displaying the measurement data, it can also automatically replace spare parts and measure the operation of the space station in advance.
The combined engine device, temperature regulation and oxygen supply system, telemetry TV system and communication system on the station are all more automatic, and the operation is reliable and convenient. A dedicated telephone line with doctors on the ground and their families was also opened. The entire space station is 2-3 times larger than the information processed by the salute.
The second working cabin is mainly an astronaut living cabin, which roughly includes a restaurant, a bedroom, a gym and a toilet. "Peace" space station can generally accommodate 5-6 people at the same time. The atmospheric environment in the station is the same as that on the earth, with the same composition and temperature. Generally maintained at 26℃, relative humidity 30%-70%, atmospheric pressure1.1~1.3 kpa. In terms of structure and function, the second cabin is very similar to the families of ordinary people on our planet. For example, restaurants have food cabinets, refrigerators and so on. And tables and chairs can also be used for astronaut entertainment. The bedroom is equipped with a telephone, a small table, etc. There is a treadmill and a bicycle trainer in the gym. However, because it is in space, these seemingly ordinary things have become somewhat different. Take a small example: for example, the chess pieces used by astronauts for playing chess must be treated specially. The bottom of each chess piece is magnetic and can be attracted to the iron chessboard, so that the chess piece will not fly around in weightlessness. Of course, this is only a very small and simple link in the design of the whole space station. Other things that are common on earth are difficult to do in space, and scientists and astronauts will make unimaginable efforts for this.
Behind the working and living module is the instrument module of "Peace" space station, which is also a cylinder with a length of 2.26 meters and a diameter of 4.5 meters.
There are mainly power devices in the cabin, including two swingable main engines, 32 small engines for controlling the flight attitude of the space station and 4 fuel tanks. There is a sixth docking port at the tail of the equipment cabin, which can be docked with other aircraft. There are eight computers in its main cabin, which analyze and process the measured data respectively, and control the operation of the space station by sending instructions to the control system.