At the beginning of the 20th century, foreign ballet companies performed in China, but the scale was limited. Since then, Russian overseas Chinese have set up amateur private ballet schools in China, which have a great influence in Shanghai, Tianjin, Harbin and other places-it has a positive effect on China's ballet enlightenment education. Undoubtedly, the real rise and development of ballet in China was also after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), which is closely related to the basic policy of the China government to actively absorb and support all outstanding cultures and arts of world significance.
At first, the Russian school had an influence on China's ballet. From/kloc-0 to February, 954, when the first Soviet expert, O A· yelena, was invited to Beijing to hold the first "teacher training class", to 1958, China's first classic ballet "Swan Lake", China ballet achieved a rapid "triple jump" in its initial stage. During this period, Dai, who was familiar with ballet art, also played an important role.
The students in the first "teacher training class" (most of whom have received some ballet training) miraculously completed the teaching syllabus of the Soviet Dance School at Grade 65438+Grade 0-6 in half a year, and all passed the rigorous examination. They became the teaching backbone of Beijing Dance School and Ballet Academy established in the same year. Since then, I have constantly improved in practice and grown into a real ballet educator-training a group of outstanding talents. The important measure to realize "triple jump" is to practice performance while training. During this period, famous Soviet ballet artists often performed in China, and their exquisite performances attracted many audiences. People in China are getting familiar with and love this art.
1957, under the guidance of Chaplin, China staged the ballet LA FILLE MAL GARDEE, which was the work of Jean Dobé Girval at the end of 18. It has a realistic style and is suitable for the actual level of ballet dancers in China at that time. Through the performance, the team has been improved.
1958 10 under the guidance of gusev, Beijing Dance School concentrated its efforts and successfully staged the world-famous classic ballet Swan Lake (played by Bai Shuxiang), which aroused strong repercussions at home and abroad. Through strict rehearsal, a talented ballet team has been created at high speed. Now, Swan Lake has settled in China-it has become the most attractive ballet. At the end of 1959, the experimental ballet of Beijing Dance School was established, which was the first professional ballet in China. The following year, Shanghai established a dance school with the same organizational system as Beijing, and also undertook the task of training professional ballet talents. From then on, the north and the south echoed and strived to open up a new situation in ballet. After Swan Lake, in 59 and 60 years, under the guidance of gusev, Lecorps Searle and Giselle were successfully performed successively. For the young China Ballet, it seems easy to undertake these two famous ballets with different styles.
During this period, China sent Jiang Zuhui (1934——) and Wang Xixian (1933——) to the director department of Moscow State Theatre Academy for further study, with excellent results. After returning to China, Jiang Zuhui released his graduation work-Spanish Daughter (adapted from the famous poetic drama Yangquan Village by Lobe Deviga, a famous European writer in the Renaissance, which premiered at Tianjin Song and Dance Theatre on 196 1; Wang Xixian directed and performed his graduation work "The Fountain of Bahehe I Sharei" in Beijing (adapted from the famous long poem of Russian poet Pushkin, premiered by the Experimental Ballet of Beijing Dance School.
1963, the Central Opera and Dance Theatre was established, and the ballet affiliated to the school ended its experimental stage and belonged to the National Theatre. Soon, Jiang Zuhui directed another famous ballet, Nolte Damme Delaris (based on the novel of the same name by the famous French writer Hugo), which premiered at the Central Opera and Dance Theatre. ..... In just 10 years, the directors and actors in China have basically been able to independently control the creation, rehearsal and stage performance of classical ballet.
From 1964, the creative practice of China's ballet began. In fact, most of the directors of the first generation of ballet turned from studying national dance to ballet major, and their national cultural background undoubtedly contributed to the exploration of ballet nationalization. Although the performance of China's large-scale ballet "Red women soldiers" is not strictly the "first record" (there have been different types, different scales and different effects of ballet nationalization before), it can be said that it is the first most successful large-scale ballet in China, with distinctive China style and China style in both content and form.
Red women soldiers premiered 1964, directed by Li Chengxiang, Wang Xixian and Jiang Zuhui; Composers: Wu Zuqiang and Du Mingxin. First performer: Central Opera and Dance Theatre, heroine: Bai Shuxiang plays Qionghua; Company commander Wu Shouxun; Actor: Liu Qingtang plays Hong Changqing; Li Chengxiang plays Nanbatian; Main supporting actress: Zhao Ruheng plays Qionghua's comrade-in-arms; Wan plays the fourth child. It's based on the movie of the same name. Tell the story of the second revolution in China: Qionghua, who was tortured, escaped from the tiger's mouth because of the oppression of the landlord Nan for eight days and met Hong Changqing, the representative of the Red Army. Under his guidance, Qionghua participated in "Female Soldiers", and after being honed and tested, she grew into an excellent revolutionary soldier. After Hong Changqing's death, she marched bravely with a red flag. This dance drama, with its shocking tragic plot, magnificent scenes, distinctive characters and regional customs of Hainan Island, has won many praises since its birth. For the first time, China, a female soldier wearing pointed shoes, was portrayed as a hero, which combined the essence of ballet with China's style and added a wonderful flower to the world ballet.
White-haired girl (1929-), Fu Aidi (1936-), Cheng (1932-), Lin (1939-), and
"White-haired Girl" 1965 premiered, composed by Yan; First performer: Shanghai Ballet; Heroines: Cai Guoying (a) and Mao Huifang (b) play Xi; Gu Xiamei (a) and Shi Zhongqin (b) play white-haired girls; Leading actor: Ling Guiming plays Da Chun; Main supporting actor: Dong Xilin plays Yang Bailao. Based on the opera of the same name, it tells the story of Xi, the daughter of a poor farmer, who was forced to sell to the bully landlord Huang Shiren to pay her debts. She felt ashamed and fled into the mountains. After years of camping, my hair turned white, and people who don't know it call it "the white-haired fairy"-(ghost). Finally, she was rescued by the Eighth Route Army and reunited with her young lover Da Chunchun, who was already a soldier of the Eighth Route Army. The opera "White-haired Girl" touched thousands of people in Qian Qian, Qian Qian, China, with the true story that "the old society forced people into ghosts and the new society turned ghosts into people".
This ballet did not take the shortcut of learning from the original, but was recreated according to the artistic characteristics of the ballet. It skillfully uses the materials of China classical and folk dance, and presents the plot as a ballet through the combination of realism and romanticism. For the main characters in the play, such as: Xi's innocence and sweetness and her tenacity and fortitude after becoming a "white-haired girl"; Da Chun's simplicity and honesty, his courage and hard work after joining the army, and Huang Shiren's sinister and diabolical ... are all vividly portrayed.
"Red women soldiers" and "White-haired Girl" have milestone significance in the history of ballet development in China. They are the deeper practice of "making foreign things serve China" and stand on their own feet in the world ballet art forest with unique China characteristics. The collective wisdom made up for the lack of experience, which made China's ballet exploration start from a higher starting point and start quickly. Different from the fate of other dance and ballet works, these two works were designated as "model operas" during the Cultural Revolution-two dance dramas that were rarely allowed to be staged at that time. Red women soldiers and White-haired Girl have stood the test of time and society and still have artistic vitality. These two works are recognized as "20th century classics". The performance of the Renaissance in the field of ballet is to restore the performance of western ballet classics, so that the audience who have only seen 1 "red" and 1 "white" for a long time will set off a wave of watching Swan Lake.
China ballet in the new period is developing vigorously.
First of all, we should absorb and learn from the world with a more open eye, not limited to the influence of a single Russian school. Since the early 1980s, famous ballet artists from Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Canada and other countries have taught their skills in the form of friendly exchanges. Anton Dowling, a ballet master, and B STEVENSON, a famous ballet choreographer, have rehearsed their works in the Central Ballet Company: TE-PASDE kixode, Prelude for Men and Women and Serenade by balanchine, a famous ballet master.
In addition, in recent ten years, China has also staged many western classic plays with different styles, such as 1980. Under the personal guidance of Lisette Sanval, the ballet master of the Paris Opera House, the Central Ballet performed the famous French romantic ballet Sylvia; 1984, Anton Dowling's version of Giselle was rehearsed by famous British ballet artists Belinda Wright and Jurisa Gilkau. In 1985, Don Quixote); It was conducted under the personal guidance of world-class ballet artist R Nureyev and ballet master Eugene poliakov. There are Romeo and Juliet (1989, directed by Roman Walker) and Sleeping Beauty (1994, directed by Morico Parker), all of which are very successful. Nuriev, in particular, with his unparalleled superb skills and profound understanding of the dramatic characters, combined with the reality of the Central Ballet, conducted strict training, which greatly promoted the improvement of the level of actors-leaving a precious page in the history of China ballet. In the above-mentioned international exchange activities, Dai played a very good role as a bridge. At the same time, Beijing Dance Academy adheres to the good tradition of combining study with practice, and has successively staged gabriela (1979) and Dancer (198 1). Shanghai Ballet staged the third act of Naples (also known as Fisherman and Bride); Tianjin Song and Dance Theatre re-enacts Spanish Daughter (1982); In addition, 198 1 Liaoning Ballet produced Hai Xia (1983). This not only enriches the cultural life of the masses, but also enables a new generation of ballet talents to grow rapidly through the performance of pure classical ballet masterpieces under the guidance of ballet authorities all over the world.
May 1980 Wang Qifeng (female, Shanghai) participated in the 3rd World Ballet Competition held in Osaka, and won the14th place, winning the first ballet medal for China.
From June 65438 to June 0982, Wang Qifeng (female, Shanghai) and Zhang Weiqiang (Beijing) won the third prize in Jackson International Ballet Competition.
1984165438+10 The first Paris International Ballet Dance Competition, (Shanghai) and Wang (Beijing) won the Paris Opera Development Association Award.
Since then, China contestants have frequently participated in various international ballet competitions, showing their great strength. More prominent are:
1985—— 13 Lausanne International Ballet Dance Competition, Mars (female, Beijing) won the first place and Xu Gang (Beijing) won the second place;
1985 —— In the 5th Moscow International Ballet Competition, Thaung Myint (female) won the best performance skill award, and Zhang Weiqiang and Zhao Minhua won the actor award respectively.
The children's duet and solo dance won the third place (both from Beijing).
1992 —— Tan Yuanyuan (Shanghai) won the first prize of the 5th Paris International Ballet Competition; In the same year, Tan Yuanyuan won the gold medal in the women's junior group in the 1 Japanese ballet international competition (Yu Xiaonan, a female player from Liaoning, China, won the silver prize in the same group).
2002-Lumeng (Liaoning Ballet) won the highest prize in the 20th Varna International Ballet Competition-the special prize of the jury.
The difference between body ballet and professional ballet
Body ballet is an extension of ballet. Fitness ballet is usually called body ballet. Professional ballet training is boring, while body ballet aims at fitness and is less difficult. It is not required how straight the legs are kicked, how high the feet are lifted, and how standardized they are. It just teaches you how to integrate the unique elegance of ballet into your life style. Moreover, from the kinematic point of view, the three elements of ballet "opening, jumping and straight" have the function of contracting muscle fibers, effectively consuming excess fat in static and dynamic exercise, and making people become slimmer after training. Therefore, although there is physical exertion, it is also exercise, but its movements emphasize muscle endurance and physical flexibility, and the intensity of exercise is not great, which is acceptable to most people. Children ballet professional training
Children's Art and Dance Academy (CAAD)- Beijing
Miaojingyun (MJF) Ballet Training School
◆ Shanghai Wang Qifeng Ballet School
◆ Golden Ballet Dance International Training Institution-Shanghai
◆ Yaxin Dance-Shanghai
◆ Shanghai Star Ballet-Shanghai
Technical secondary school ballet professional college
Zhang Dandan Ballet Art Training School-Guangzhou Ballet Vocational College.
◆ Ballet major of Shenzhen Art School
◆ Secondary Dance School affiliated to Beijing Dance Academy
◆ Dance School Affiliated to Shanghai Theatre Academy (Shanghai Dance School)
◆ Dance School Affiliated to Shenyang Conservatory of Music
Undergraduate ballet professional colleges
◆ Beijing Dance Academy
◆ Shanghai Theatre Academy
◆ Shenyang Conservatory of Music
Master's Ballet College
◆ Beijing Dance Academy
◆ Shanghai Theatre Academy
Doctor of Ballet College
◆ China Academy of Art◆ Central Ballet
◆ Shanghai Ballet Company
◆ Guangzhou Ballet Company
◆ Liaoning Ballet Company
Tianjin Ballet (affiliated to Tianjin Grand Theatre)
Hong kong ballet
◆ Chongqing Ballet
◆ Suzhou Ballet (affiliated to Suzhou Science and Technology Cultural Center)
◆ Taipei Governor Ballet (Taiwan Province Province, China)
◆ Kaohsiung Ballet (Taiwan Province Province, China) ◆Stage 1 Enlightenment.
Focus on cultivating children's interests. The focus of learning is on the straightness of the back and the training of leg muscle strength. The focus is on the correct way to tighten the children's ankles, legs and knees, and strive to keep the back straight and shoulders relaxed.
◆ Stage 2 Primary stage
Mainly handle, strict requirements should be put forward for "opening", "extending" and "straight" from the beginning. If the foundation of the enlightenment stage is relatively solid, then these three requirements are not difficult for children at this stage, but the significance of these three requirements should be understood from repeated practice.
◆ Intermediate stage of stage 3
At this time, we need the soft opening of our classmates. If the soft opening is not enough, students will have certain limitations when doing actions with large difficulty coefficient. It is not necessary for amateur students to pay attention to cultivating interest, but it is necessary for professional students.
◆ Stage 4 Advanced Stage
I began to get in touch with ballet dance fragments in ballet, such as variations. Students in advanced classes mainly cultivate expressive force and increase the tension of body language. At this time, students begin to understand the beauty in ballet, and every move has a sense of beauty, and they interpret the beautiful things in life through dance.