First, the basic functions of assistive devices
According to the types and parts of articles and appliances for the disabled, their functions are different, which are mainly divided into compensatory function, assisted living, rehabilitation training and so on.
1, compensation function class
It mainly includes artificial limbs, various wheelchairs and hearing AIDS. For example, disabled people with leg amputation can walk, ride a bicycle and work with heavy load after installing artificial limbs, which can completely compensate the function of the leg; Hearing AIDS can effectively amplify sounds, and disabled people with residual hearing can learn languages, communicate with normal people and live like normal people. Wheelchairs are the means of transportation for the physically disabled. With the help of wheelchairs, they can go out of their homes and participate in social life.
2, assisted living class
Articles and appliances mainly include all kinds of walking AIDS, self-help appliances and special learning appliances for the disabled, such as crutches and walking frames, which can help the physically disabled to support and walk; Life self-help tools include spill-proof bowls, pickups, special knives and spoons for the disabled. To help disabled people take care of themselves to the maximum; Learning tools include tablet computers and pens for the blind, computers and typewriters for the blind, visual voice systems for the deaf and special computer operating systems for paraplegic patients.
3. Rehabilitation training equipment
It can help disabled people to exercise and recover some functions, such as standing frame, to help paraplegic patients stand; A variety of muscle strength training equipment to help people with hemiplegia and cerebral palsy train their physical fitness; A variety of intellectual toys to help people with mental retardation train basic life skills.
4. List of supplies
① Prosthetics, wheelchairs, hearing AIDS, etc.
(2) crutches, walkers, special knives and spoons for the disabled, tablet computers and pens for the blind, computers and typewriters for the blind, etc.
③ Rehabilitation: wheelchair, electric wheelchair, bedsore air cushion, bedsore small air cushion, closed urinal for men and women, crutches, wrist, crutches,
④ Health care: nursing bed, health oxygen generator, massage footbath, massage stick and blood glucose meter.
⑤ Fitness category: practicing sword, practicing fan, dancing handkerchief, Taiji soft ball, Mulan circle, endless fitness ball, gateball, two-section stick and hand-held fitness circle.
⑥ Treatment: hearing aid, hernia support, five-element needle, cervical vertebra therapeutic instrument, oxygen bag, spectrum analyzer, far infrared physiotherapy instrument and manual sputum suction machine.
⑦ Recreation and entertainment: hardcover fitness CD, hardcover dance CD, hardcover Tai Ji Chuan CD, hardcover Taijijian CD.
(8) Convenient life: high-definition magnifying glass, movable handle magnifying glass, reading and reading newspaper magnifying glass, and insulation plate for the elderly.
Pet-name ruby life self-help tools include spill-proof bowls, pickups, special knives and spoons for the disabled, etc. To help disabled people take care of themselves to the maximum;
The instruments to participate in the study include tablet computers and pens for the blind, computers and typewriters for the blind, visual voice systems for the deaf, and computer operating systems for high paraplegic patients.
Two. Classification of articles and appliances for the disabled
There are two ways to classify articles for the disabled.
One is the classification method promulgated and popularized by the International Organization for Standardization in 1996 and adopted by China in the form of national standards, which classifies the articles and appliances for the disabled into 10 categories:
(1) Aids for treatment and training.
② Orthopedics and artificial limbs.
(3) Self-care and protective auxiliary equipment.
④ Personal walker.
⑤ Home help tools.
⑥ Furniture and accessories used in family and other places.
⑦ Communication, information and signal auxiliary equipment.
⑧ Auxiliary tools for product and article management.
Pet-name ruby auxiliary appliances for improving the environment.
Attending leisure and entertainment AIDS.
This method is classified according to the use function of articles and appliances, which involves all aspects of life and work of disabled people.
Another classification method is to classify the articles and appliances for the disabled into five categories according to the applicable categories and the use functions of the products:
① Articles for the physically disabled (can be subdivided into: walking, walking aids, artificial limbs and orthotics, self-help appliances, sanitary articles, etc. ).
② Articles for the hearing disabled.
③ Articles for the visually impaired.
(4) Supplies for the mentally handicapped.
⑤ Rehabilitation training and educational supplies. This classification is clear, intuitive and easy to understand, and it is a commonly used classification method in China at present.
Third, the significance of assistive devices for the disabled.
1. Self-care dependence: assistive devices involve all aspects of life, such as daily life, washing, eating, moving, going to the toilet, housework and communication. They are important tools to give full play to the potential of people with functional disabilities and to help them take care of themselves.
2. Tools for comprehensive rehabilitation: assistive devices involve various fields of medical rehabilitation, educational rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation and social rehabilitation, and are indispensable tools for rehabilitation.
3. Bridge to return to society: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in May, 20001emphasizes that personal factors and environmental factors are closely related to the occurrence and development of disability and the recovery and reconstruction of function, among which environmental factors play an important role in the rehabilitation and participation of disabled people in social life. If society provides wheelchair for paraplegic patients, they can go out of their homes; When they go out of their homes and face a barrier-free environment with ramps and stairs, they can realize their desire to participate in social life normally. Therefore, assistive devices are the channels and bridges to build a barrier-free environment.