Western human rights are individual-centered, that is, people-oriented. In China, the relative concept and practice are different from people-oriented, that is, people are included in the collective, so it is called civil rights (which evolved into national rights in the early 20th century), not human rights.

2. Different ethnic and cultural influences

China was deeply influenced by traditional Confucianism, and the key lies in Confucius' "modesty, courtesy, faithfulness, sensitivity and wisdom". Western culture lies in the word "struggle" and puts itself first in dealing with personnel.

3. Affected by the economic system

China's traditional economy is a typical self-sufficient natural economy. People are quieter and more conservative. Because they can live on a piece of land all their lives, their culture is introverted. Moreover, the ancient civilization of China, which originated in the great river basin, belongs to agricultural civilization. The "agricultural civilization character" makes the orientals pay attention to ethics, seek common ground while reserving differences, seek stability, and take "harmony is the most precious and forbearance is the highest" as their life criterion.

Western ancient Greek civilization, which originated from the Aegean coast, belongs to marine civilization. Moreover, European farming was far less important than China farming in ancient society, so Europeans like to explore abroad and their culture is more extroverted. Moreover, after the industrial revolution, western countries entered the era of industrial economy very early. The "industrial civilization character" makes westerners have a strong spirit of struggle and legal awareness of safeguarding their own interests, and takes independence, freedom and equality as the principles.

4. Affected by geographical environment.

The closed geographical environment of the mainland limits China people's thinking to the mainland. They are good at summing up the experience and lessons of their predecessors, and like to learn from history, but their spatial awareness is weak. This introverted thinking leads China people to pursue stability and tranquility, lacking curiosity about new things and interest in the unknown.

Most western countries are in an open marine geographical environment with developed industry, commerce and navigation. Since ancient Greece, there has been a tradition of paying attention to studying natural objects and exploring natural mysteries. At the same time, the mountain wind, tsunami and the turbulence of the marine environment also constitute the personality of western nations that pay attention to space expansion and military conquest.

5. Different religious and cultural influences

Western religions are absolute and exclusive, and Western churches are highly organized religious cultures. Religions in China are relative and compatible.

Extended data

Western culture started relatively late compared with eastern culture, but there are also differences between them, such as southern Europe and northern Europe, western Europe and eastern Europe, and even Britain and Germany. However, it is undoubtedly the cultural differences between the East and the West that reflect the essential differences.

China is not without democracy, but its "three-dimensional democracy" is different from that of the West. What's more, within the imperial court, imperial power is actually bound, such as the ancestral system and the history of emperors. The emperor usually has to have the memorial of his courtiers to give instructions to express the royal "imperial decree", which is equivalent to a horizontal decentralization and containment in modern political science.

These formal differences are precisely due to the differences in cultural and historical backgrounds. Its democratic essence and spirit should not be denied because of its different forms.

China * * * Making Party News Network —— Enlightenment from the Comparative Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultures