2 English reference exercise therapy
According to the characteristics and diseases of patients, exercise therapy is a method to strengthen the body by using equipment, unarmed operation or physical exercise of patients' own strength, so as to prevent and treat diseases. It is an important measure of rehabilitation medicine. Exercise therapy is different from general sports activities. According to patients' functional status and disease characteristics, appropriate functional activities and exercise methods should be selected to train patients, so as to promote physical and mental functional health and prevent diseases. ? Exercise therapy realizes functional rehabilitation through functional exercise. Exercise requires the participation and cooperation of bones, joints and muscles. Therefore, the ways and methods of exercise should conform to the principles of functional anatomy and mechanics, so that the internal and external strength of the human body can be reasonably utilized and good exercise results can be achieved.
Indications 4. 1 Surgical diseases, such as fracture, muscle ligament strain or tear, lumbar disc herniation or its removal, cervical spondylosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, artificial joint surgery, knee meniscus or free body removal, amputation, limb replantation, major thoracoabdominal surgery, valgus foot, varus foot, flat foot, concussion, brain contusion, burn, frostbite and vein injury.
4.2 Medical diseases: coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, compensatory period of heart failure and hypertension; Chronic bronchitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, emphysema, tuberculosis, atelectasis; Gastric and duodenal ulcer, visceral prolapse, gastrointestinal dysfunction, chronic gastritis, chronic cholecystitis, chronic hepatitis; Obesity and diabetes; Rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and so on.
4.3 neurological diseases sequelae of cerebrovascular diseases, peripheral nerve injury, lumbar radiculitis, multiple peripheral neuritis, neurosis, facial paralysis, progressive muscular atrophy, syringomyelia, etc.
4.4 Gynecological diseases such as uterine prolapse, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and postpartum.
5 common methods 5. 1 medical gymnastics is the most commonly used method in exercise therapy, and it can be trained according to the required exercise mode, speed, amplitude, coordination and muscle strength, so as to achieve gradual progress. Medical gymnastics can be full-body, partial or a combination of full-body and partial. In medical gymnastics, you can use instruments or bare hands. It can be divided into active exercise, that is, using the patient's own initiative, and passive exercise is using external force to increase the range of motion and muscle strength of joints. External forces include the strength of healthy limbs, others or instruments. Medical gymnastics can be used to prevent diseases and promote health, and can be used to treat injuries and diseases. According to the characteristics, functional status and therapeutic purpose of diseases and disabilities, choose appropriate medical gymnastics for training. You can choose different ways, such as muscle strength training, joint activity training, endurance training, relaxation training, breathing training, balance training and so on. The amount of exercise, intensity and range of activities should be adjusted in time according to the patient's tolerance to exercise. You can also train in stages according to the illness and situation.
5.2 Aerobic training Aerobic training is endurance training aimed at increasing the human body's ability to inhale, transport and utilize oxygen. It is also a fitness method to improve the body's aerobic metabolism ability. This training method is simple and easy to implement, and the training method does not require high skills. Its sports methods include walking, aerobics, swimming, cycling, running in situ, climbing stairs, skipping rope and so on. The physiological load of human body is determined by the intensity of exercise, the times of training and the duration of each training. And the human body can train through self-monitoring, so it is safe and effective. Generally, moderate-intensity endurance training has a good effect on cardiopulmonary function, which can increase load and oxygen carrying capacity, promote the process of aerobic catabolism and anabolism, and increase muscle contraction. There are many aerobic training methods, but Cooper training method is more representative and can be used by people of all training levels.
5.3 The forms of national physical therapy include martial arts, qigong, massage, walking, running, health gymnastics, Wuqinxi, Tai Ji Chuan, Baduanjin, fishing, pole climbing and other methods, while those who use equipment for fitness include tug-of-war, skipping rope, kicking shuttlecock, swinging, rowing dragon boats and knives, guns, swords and sticks used in martial arts.
According to the function of cardiovascular and motor organs and the overall health of patients, the physical therapy prescriber puts forward the appropriate medical exercise mode and amount, and points out the matters needing attention in medical exercise activities, which is the physical therapy prescription.
6. 1 Preparation before prescription In order to make the physical therapy prescription more reasonable, the physical therapy prescription discussion or physical therapy rounds should be conducted before the physical therapy prescription goes on the market, which should be discussed by the clinical therapist and the physical therapist through consultation. Because the clinical therapist knows the condition, and the physical therapist has the knowledge of physical therapy for the condition, which is conducive to prescribing more appropriate physical therapy. It is necessary to comprehensively inquire about the medical history or health status, whether there are any contraindications to participate in sports, and conduct a comprehensive physical examination, functional examination and evaluation. Patients with heart disease treated with docking receptor should do exercise test, those with joint dysfunction or neuromuscular diseases should do joint mobility and muscle strength examination and evaluation, and those with conditions should do electromyography and nerve conduction velocity examination. Write a complete medical record, including chief complaint, current medical history, family history, personal life, occupation, psychological and social communication history, physical examination, functional examination and evaluation, and comprehensive functional examination and evaluation.
6.2 Contents of exercise prescription (1) Types of exercise: endurance exercise, relaxation exercise, medical gymnastics, equipment exercise, etc. Which one or both should be given priority. According to the requirements of the disease, avoid patients from feeling monotonous and boring.
(2) Exercise intensity, time and frequency: The most important thing in exercise therapy is the amount of exercise, including intensity, duration and frequency. The above three factors can be mutually adjusted. If the intensity is too large, the time and frequency will be reduced appropriately.
The methods of controlling exercise intensity vary according to different diseases. Generally, moderate intensity is used to treat organ diseases, but the most suitable exercise intensity is determined by exercise test, which is usually expressed by heart rate, oxygen uptake and maximum oxygen uptake during exercise. For another kind of diseases, such as bone and joint dysfunction, it is generally appropriate to have a slight pain after each exercise. For the paralyzed parts caused by nervous system, it is not advisable to have obvious muscle fatigue after exercise.
The duration of exercise is generally 15 ~ 30min, and endurance exercise is 15 ~ 60min. The length of exercise time should also consider the intensity of exercise. If the intensity of exercise is high, the duration of exercise can be reduced appropriately.
Frequency is the interval of exercise, usually 1 time every day or once every other day, but for people with nervous system or bone and joint dysfunction, in addition to exercising 1 time every day, they should also increase their self-exercise time. In addition, the interval should not exceed 4 days. Because the exercise interval is too long, the exercise effect will disappear, which will affect the treatment effect.