Van Gogh, the most terrible thing is that you don't know it!

When you understand it, you will find that

Altitude sickness is not as terrible as imagined.

But we must know how to prevent and deal with emergencies.

About the anti-height thing.

It is enough to read this article!

What is altitude sickness?

Altitude sickness is a natural physiological reaction after people reach a certain altitude to adapt to the changes of air pressure difference, low oxygen content and dry air caused by altitude. Simply put, the adaptation process of the body to the hypoxic environment is called altitude sickness.

When the altitude reaches about 2700 meters, altitude sickness will occur. According to statistics, as many as 75% of people will experience altitude sickness if they quickly reach an area above 3500 meters above sea level (such as Lhasa).

What are the symptoms of altitude sickness?

Symptoms of altitude sickness generally include: headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest tightness, insomnia, vomiting, purple lips, loss of appetite, general fatigue, muscle aches and so on.

High altitude pulmonary edema or brain edema is a very serious mountain disease, and their accompanying symptoms are often fatal (the incidence rate is relatively low, but it should not be underestimated). Its symptoms include persistent dry cough, bloody pink foam sputum, long-term severe headache, confusion, forgetfulness, hallucinations and coma.

Many people generally believe that entering Tibet by train will have a process from low altitude to high altitude, which can adapt to the plateau environment more quickly. But in fact, since Golmud Station, all trains entering Tibet have diffused oxygen supply. In addition, the train is in a relatively closed environment, the air is poor, and the train takes a long time, and the people in the carriage are crowded, so they often can't get a good rest. Therefore, choosing a train to enter Tibet will not speed up the adaptation time to the plateau environment.

Flying from low altitude to high altitude to Tibet is more likely to produce obvious symptoms of hyperreflexia, but compared with taking the train, you can leave more time for rest and adaptation in Lhasa. Some people will not feel obvious hyperreflexia when they just get off the plane, because the oxygen carried by blood and cells has not been consumed in large quantities, and they often wait until the evening to feel obvious hyperreflexia. But don't be too nervous, these are normal phenomena, ensure adequate rest, and you will adapt quickly.

Anyone who enters the plateau area may have altitude sickness, which has nothing to do with age, sex and physical strength. Many people have misunderstood altitude sickness for a long time. Some people think that people who are strong or exercise regularly consume more oxygen, so altitude sickness is more serious. Some people think that they should strengthen their exercise before entering Tibet, while others, on the contrary, think that they should stop exercising. In fact, these statements have no scientific basis. Whether it is high or not depends on the innate oxygen carrying capacity of cells, and it is not necessarily related to physical fitness.

Many people are used to using oxygen to relieve discomfort. Oxygen inhalation can temporarily relieve chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms, but after stopping oxygen inhalation, the symptoms will reappear, delaying the time for the body to adapt to the plateau. If the above symptoms are not serious, it is recommended not to take oxygen, which can make the body adapt to the plateau environment more quickly. Mild altitude sickness will heal itself, so don't take oxygen easily to avoid dependence. If hyperreflexia is serious, you can also rent a medical oxygen bottle, start oxygen inhalation before going to bed, and open the flow valve to the lowest level to relieve hyperreflexia.

Matters needing attention in dealing with altitude sickness

Ensuring a good attitude is very important for resisting altitude sickness. Some symptoms of altitude sickness may be caused by psychological effects. If you are afraid of altitude sickness, the probability of obvious symptoms of altitude sickness is very high. The adaptation process of children's altitude sickness is often shorter than that of some adults, precisely because children don't know what altitude sickness is and have no psychological burden.

Generally, the symptoms of altitude sickness will disappear in 1-2 days for people with strong adaptability, and it will take 3-5 days for those with weak adaptability.

It is suggested that when you first arrive at the plateau, don't walk fast, let alone run or do big physical labor; Pay attention to keep warm and don't take a bath frequently, so as not to catch a cold and cause a cold, which is often the main cause of acute high altitude pulmonary edema; Couples traveling together should stop having sex.

Drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated; Don't overeat, so as not to increase the burden on the digestive organs; Don't drink or smoke. Eat more foods rich in vitamins such as vegetables and fruits. Buttered tea can also help you relieve altitude sickness.

People who are not suitable for traveling to the plateau.

Patients with severe anemia, hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are not suitable for traveling in plateau areas.

For patients with a bad cold, it is recommended to cure the cold before going to Tibet. Cold patients tend to turn to other altitude sickness, especially pulmonary edema, because the body function is destroyed, the disease resistance is weakened and the resistance load is increased. If not treated in time, their lives will be in danger.

Generally speaking, catching a cold in Tibet is not a big problem. Because you have certain adaptability and resistance at the plateau, your body has been basically adjusted and you can be treated in time. Moreover, doctors in Tibet are very experienced in treating colds. Take some cold medicine. Once you have cold symptoms, take some common cold medicine yourself. Symptoms will disappear after 1-2 days. If conditions permit, you should have a cardiopulmonary examination before entering Tibet.

Medicine for treating altitude sickness

People often use rhodiola preparation as a medicine to prevent and relieve altitude sickness. In fact, if you only take rhodiola in a short time, the effect of preventing altitude sickness is very limited. Aka Ba Fen powder, combined with Baifuning, Fenbid or Sanlitong, can effectively relieve headache symptoms caused by altitude sickness; Inosine oral liquid is an effective drug to relieve altitude sickness. Taking American ginseng buccal tablets and glucose oral liquid is helpful to relieve altitude fatigue. You can also buy a medicine called Gaoyuankang in Lhasa, which is a good anti-acute altitude sickness medicine, but this medicine has certain side effects, so it is recommended to use it according to the instructions.

The above is for reference only. Please follow the doctor's advice when taking medicine.

Emergency treatment of pulmonary edema and brain edema

The main symptoms of pulmonary edema: severe headache, chest tightness, extreme dyspnea, inability to lie down, paroxysmal cough, and bloody pink foam sputum.

The main symptom of brain edema: dyskinesia, which affects the coordination of limbs because the brain can't work normally. To test whether there is dyskinesia, put one heel close to the other toe and "measure" it. Under normal circumstances, the movements should be smooth. In severe cases, it is difficult for patients to tie their shoelaces or even hold a water cup. Mental state changes: such as amnesia, hallucinations and even semi-coma and coma. You can test it by repeating a paragraph and doing some simple operations.

You must go to the hospital as soon as possible to treat the above symptoms. Now the medical conditions in Tibet have been greatly improved, and there are hospitals or health centers in urban areas. If the illness persists, leave the plateau as soon as possible. There are flights in and out of Lhasa every day, so you can leave by plane. Generally, altitude sickness will disappear without a trace as soon as it leaves the plateau, and there will be no sequelae. If you are in the wild without medical conditions, it is the best choice to evacuate to a lower altitude area at the first time. Don't stay where you are and wait for help.

First aid for pulmonary edema: let the patient rest in a sitting or semi-lying position, with his legs drooping, and immediately take oxygen, preferably oxygen containing 50%-70% alcohol, at a flow rate of 4-8 liters/minute; Take furosemide (furosemide) 40mg/day immediately. Be careful not to use too much at first, and you can increase it to 80 mg twice a day according to the situation. Nifedipine 10 mg, dexamethasone 4 mg (oral only once). Keep warm and don't drink a lot of water.

First aid for brain edema: If you are in the wild, the best thing you can do is to reduce the metabolism of the body, especially the metabolism of the brain. There is a lot of ice and snow in the plateau area. If you wrap the ice and snow with a headscarf or hat and make a simple ice cap to reduce the temperature of the brain, such as hibernation, it will slow down the metabolism and edema of brain cells. Handle the patient with care, and pay attention to raising your head and feet at the same time when changing the dressing to avoid procrastination. Mannitol is generally used as a dehydration drug for brain edema, and mannitol can be injected intravenously in patients with acute and severe diseases, and glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) can also be injected subcutaneously without mannitol.

Although high altitude pulmonary edema and high altitude cerebral edema are extremely rare, they are fatal acute mountain sickness. Learn simple judgment and first aid methods, and you can save lives in an emergency!

Prevention of altitude sickness

1. Keep a good attitude.

If you are too nervous, unnecessarily worried and overthinking, you will panic if you feel a little uncomfortable, give yourself negative psychological hints, aggravate your physical discomfort and prolong your relief time. In fact, many symptoms of altitude sickness are related to psychological effects. Don't get too excited and impulsive. Friends who are new to the plateau should avoid seeing the plateau and snow-capped mountains, and they will be filled with emotion, excited, shouting and jumping. This will only lead to endocrine disorders, increase the burden on the heart and lungs and aggravate altitude sickness.

2. Drink plenty of water.

In altitude activities, drinking enough water can keep the body balanced, make the blood circulation smooth, enhance the oxygen supply capacity, reduce the burden on the heart and lungs, and quickly discharge toxins, so as to adapt to the altitude environment in a short time, get rid of the pain of altitude sickness, and restore good state and physical fitness. Generally speaking, you should drink at least 2-35 liters of water every day at high altitude. Whether the hydration is reasonable can be judged by whether the urine volume is sufficient, whether the urine is clear or at least pale yellow. In addition to boiled water, glucose, American ginseng slices, Radix Isatidis granules, and fruit treasures can also be added. To replenish energy, enhance disease resistance and prevent colds.

3. Pay attention to cold and warmth.

The characteristics of plateau weather are as follows: the temperature is low, and the temperature drops by 5-6℃ every time the altitude rises 1000m; The temperature difference between morning and evening, day and night is large, and the weather changes rapidly. The sun was shining just now, and there may be strong winds, thunderstorms and hail soon. Therefore, we must pay attention to cold and warmth in the plateau, and beware of catching a cold. Be sure to bring enough cold-proof clothes, and change clothes frequently, add and subtract clothes in time, so as to keep warm and not cool. In addition, pay attention to taking as few baths as possible and washing your hair less. At high altitude, people's body functions are unbalanced, their resistance is reduced, and they are prone to get sick. Never take a bath in the first few days on the plateau. If you have hyperreflexia, never take a bath during hyperreflexia. Pulmonary edema and brain edema can kill people.

4. Eat reasonably.

Under the hypoxia environment in plateau, human metabolism is affected, and the function of digestive system is weakened compared with that in plain area, but the energy and vitamins consumed by human body in plateau area are greatly increased compared with that in plain area. Therefore, in the diet arrangement, we should eat more digestible food, eat less greasy food, and should not overeat. We should increase the proportion of carbohydrates (accounting for more than 60%) and high plant protein, and increase the intake of various vitamins, so as to provide calories quickly and improve the adaptability of the body.

5. Arrange the itinerary reasonably.

It is best to go to the plateau by train for the first time, and it is not easy to adapt from low altitude to high altitude. If you are flying, it is suggested that the journey should be from "before hiding" to "after hiding". Lhasa and Shannan regions are called "pre-Tibet", Xigaze region is called "post-Tibet" and the whole northern Tibetan plateau is called "Ali". The tunnel between Qianzang and Houzang is Nimu Canyon in the middle reaches of Yajiang River. Linzhi belongs to Qianzang, with an altitude of only over 2000 meters. Linzhi is known as the south of Tibet, and the scenery is also very good. You can stay in Linzhi for two or three days, and then go to Lhasa (3650 meters above sea level) to avoid sudden discomfort and high reaction caused by going directly to high altitude areas.

6. Go to bed late and get up early.

The night on the plateau is often more sad than during the day, and the oxygen content in the air is lower at night. After the human body enters the sleep state, it can't alleviate hypoxia by actively adjusting breathing as in the daytime, and breathing will gradually drop to a frequency close to the plain, leading to hypoxia and affecting the quality of sleep. A better way is to postpone sleeping about 1 hour according to your usual sleeping habits. Under the premise of keeping warm and cold, the room or tent must be well ventilated. The room can be properly windowed, the tent should be fully opened, and if necessary, it should be locked and left seam. The air on the plateau is thin. If you are in a closed environment again, circulating a fixed volume of air is more likely to cause headaches and other discomfort.

7. Necessary drug adjuvant therapy.

Friends who are new to the plateau can start taking Gaoyuanan or Rhodiola 1-3 days before entering high altitude areas. Guard against colds, because even a slight respiratory infection will increase the risk of high altitude pulmonary edema. Once you find the first symptoms of a cold, you should take anti-cold medicine immediately. If you take it after the symptoms get up, it is generally ineffective. When you have a headache caused by altitude sickness, you can choose painkillers such as Jiahe Baifuning. When the reaction is serious, it is recommended to go to a nearby hospital. There is also a suggestion that friends who are slightly more responsive should try not to take oxygen and try to adapt themselves to an environment without danger and tolerance. Once you are hooked, you really depend on it. I'm afraid it will be difficult for you to leave it on the plateau in the future.

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