Rice is the staple food in people's daily life, and it is essential for family dinners or restaurants. The main nutritional components of rice are protein, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron, glucose, fructose, maltose and vitamin B2. It provides 27% energy and 20% protein in people's diet, and it is also a good source of vitamin B 1, riboflavin and nicotinic acid needed by human body.
Chinese medicine believes that rice is sweet, and it has the functions of invigorating the middle energizer, invigorating the spleen and stomach, nourishing essence and brain, harmonizing the five internal organs, dredging blood vessels, hearing and improving eyesight, relieving vexation and thirst, and stopping diarrhea. Traditional Chinese medicine also has the theory that northern japonica is cool, southern japonica is warm, red japonica is hot, white japonica is cool, new japonica is hot, and old japonica is cool. Among them, black japonica rice is crystal clear, soft and nutritious, containing 16 kinds of amino acids, trace elements such as iron, molybdenum and zinc, vitamin B 1 and vitamin B 12. The content of protein is higher than that of ordinary rice.
How to eat: adding water or cooking rice is the easiest way, and its porridge is the most nourishing, suitable for all ages. Some also mash rice into rice cakes, rice noodles and rolls. Guangdong rice noodles are made by grinding rice into pulp, steaming it flat in a steamer, then rolling it with vegetable oil, cutting it into pieces with a knife and dipping it in soy sauce and sesame oil.
Black rice is most suitable for nourishing in autumn and winter. Compendium of Materia Medica records that black rice has the effects of nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, strengthening spleen and warming liver, improving eyesight and promoting blood circulation. In autumn and winter, whether porridge or soup is cooked, it is a good tonic.
Glutinous rice, also called glutinous rice, is nutritious and contains protein, fat, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B and starch. It is a mild tonic.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is sweet in taste and warm in nature, and enters the spleen, stomach and lung meridians. Its main function is to tonify the middle energizer, nourish the stomach, and nourish the healthy qi. It is most suitable for autumn and winter. "Herbal Classic Shu" says that glutinous rice "supplements the spleen and stomach and benefits the lung. If the spleen and stomach are supplemented, it is moderately warm and the stool is solid. Temperature can nourish qi, and gas is self-heating. "
Because it's sticky and slippery, it's often used to make snacks such as jiaozi or porridge, which is very popular. Li Shizhen said: "Glutinous rice, which is sticky, can be used for brewing, cooking, steaming cakes, making soup and frying food."
For example, glutinous rice and jujube porridge can nourish the stomach and tonify deficiency, which is suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold and warm pressure.
However, it should be noted that glutinous rice is sticky and has a certain convergence effect, which is difficult to digest. Eating more can help damp produce phlegm and damage the spleen and stomach, so glutinous rice should not be eaten more.
Since the Qing Dynasty, corn has been called "pearl rice" and is also recognized as a "golden crop" in the world. Famous nutritionists in Germany pointed out that corn contains seven kinds of calcium, glutathione, vitamins, magnesium, selenium, vitamin E and fatty acids among more than 50 kinds of nutritional and health-care substances that have been proved to be the most effective today. Chinese medicine believes that corn is sweet in taste and flat in nature, and has the functions of invigorating spleen, promoting diuresis, stimulating appetite, improving intelligence, calming the heart and promoting blood circulation, and is mainly used to treat diarrhea, dyspepsia and edema.
Cooked fresh corncob is delicious and chewy. Waxy corn and sweet corn are the best choices.
Roasted corn is a kind of cooked corn cob, which is put on a wooden stick and baked on a fire to make it brown, and some of it is sprinkled with seasoning powder, which tastes good. Corn flour, jiaozi, steamed stuffed buns and pies are also suitable for eating.
Europeans summed up the scientific way to eat:
One is a tortilla. Mixing garlic powder, black pepper and celery with corn flour and tomato soup can reduce cholesterol.
The second kind is corn porridge, which is also very common in China.
The third is to use corn kernels to make corn soup and salad, which is delicious and nutritious. It should be noted that you must eat all the embryo tips when eating corn, because many nutrients of corn are concentrated here.
Boiling corn with beans is an Indian way of eating. Mix fresh corn kernels and soybeans according to the ratio of 3: 1, add a few spoonfuls of butter, pour in water, add a proper amount of salt and pepper, and simmer until the water is dry.
Xiaomi, also known as Xiaomi, is rich in nutrition, so it has the reputation of "Daishen Decoction". Rich in protein, fat, calcium, iron, vitamin B 1 and other nutrients, protein and fat are higher than rice and flour. The content of vitamin B 1 ranks first among all cereals, and it has the function of preventing indigestion and aphtha.
Chinese medicine believes that millet is sweet and salty, slightly cold, and has the functions of clearing heat from spleen, benefiting kidney qi, tonifying deficiency, diuresis and detumescence. The crispy rice made of millet (preferably thick but not paste) is sweet and flat, and has the functions of invigorating qi and spleen, promoting digestion and stopping diarrhea. The millet bran oil made from millet bran has the effects of expelling wind, killing insects, relieving itching and astringing.
There are three ways to eat millet:
One is porridge.
The second is cooking.
The third is to grind it into millet flour and steam it.
These three ways of eating have their own tastes, but porridge is the best. Millet porridge is not only delicious, but also nutritious. Known as "Daishen Decoction", it is especially suitable for people with poor appetite, bad stomach and anemia.
For diarrhea patients, millet 50 ~ 100g, yam 15 ~ 20g, and jujube 5 ~ 10. * * * Cook porridge to eat. You can also cook porridge with beans and eat it every day. Boil millet, purple rice, corn, red beans, mung beans, peanut beans and red dates together until sticky.
According to ancient records, from 5000 years ago, China people cultivated sorghum varieties in the Yellow River valley and planted them in a large area, which is a very old food.
Sorghum rice has been called "the essence of five grains" and "the length of a hundred grains" since ancient times, and it is also called "hardcore crops". It contains more fat and iron than rice; Containing tannin, it has the function of convergence and fixation.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that sorghum is sweet and warm, and has the effects of harmonizing stomach, strengthening spleen, promoting digestion and resolving food stagnation, and warming the middle warmer to astringent stomach.
For children with indigestion, there is an effective way, that is, put some cooking oil in the pot, then fry the sorghum noodles, and you can also add some sugar and sesame seeds appropriately and mix them into a paste with water.
Soybean is a special product in China, which is known as "plant meat" and "green cow". Why does soybean have such a title?
This is because soybeans contain a lot of protein, and the protein content in 500g soybeans is equivalent to the protein content of 1000g lean pork or 1500g eggs or 6,000g rice.
Soybeans can also provide vitamins and saponins that delay the aging of the body. Recently, experts found that soybean contains "phytosterol", which is similar to cholesterol and can be used to make hormones and cell membrane components. However, "phytosterol" is not deposited on the blood vessel wall, but is absorbed in the intestine before cholesterol, which hinders the absorption of cholesterol. Because of its high content of iron, calcium and phosphorus, soybean is very suitable for children who are growing and developing, the elderly who are prone to osteoporosis, patients with iron deficiency anemia and menopausal women. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that soybean is sweet in taste and flat in nature, and enters the spleen and large intestine meridian, which has the effects of benefiting qi and nourishing blood, invigorating spleen and widening middle energizer, reducing qi and benefiting large intestine, moistening dryness and benefiting water.
It should be noted that soybean will produce too much gas in the process of digestion and absorption, which will cause abdominal distension, so people with poor digestive function and chronic digestive diseases should eat as little as possible; People with severe liver disease, kidney disease, gout, peptic ulcer and low iodine should fast; Soybean and its products should not be eaten during acne.
The widely circulated dietotherapy convenience is soybean stew trotters soup, which can well meet the nutritional needs of pregnant women and help promote lactation. Anemia patients can also eat with pig liver.
Black bean, also known as black bean, is a kind of soybean, which is sweet and enters the heart, liver and kidney. Compendium of Materia Medica says: "Black beans have the function of tonifying kidney, so they can control water, relieve flatulence, reduce qi, control wind and heat, promote blood circulation and detoxify." Modern medical research also found that black beans contain saponins, genistein and other substances, which have the functions of relieving exterior syndrome, clearing away heat, nourishing and stopping sweating.
Recommended diet: black bean carp soup
Main raw materials: carp 1 piece, 30-50g black beans.
Production method: firstly, the carp is scaled and eviscerated, the black beans are put into the belly of the fish, sewn, and boiled in water until the rotten fish beans are boiled into thick juice.
Utility description: diuresis and detumescence. It is suitable for lung, spleen and kidney triple energizer disorder, which leads to yang deficiency and water stagnation, swelling of head, face, limbs and abdomen, unfavorable urination, aversion to cold and preference for warm.
Sweet potato is a kind of common and economical nutritional health food, especially rich in carotene, which is the best in food and vegetables. Sweet potato contains mucin, which is a mixture of polysaccharide and protein, and consists of collagen and mucopolysaccharide. This mucin helps to keep the elasticity of cardiovascular wall and prevent atherosclerosis, and also has a good lubricating effect on respiratory and digestive system, joint cavity and serous cavity.
Another feature of sweet potato is that it belongs to "physiological alkaline" food, which is rich in elements such as potassium and sodium, while rice, flour, meat and eggs belong to "physiological acidic" food. Therefore, eating sweet potatoes with these foods helps to maintain the acid-base balance of the human body. Sweet potato is rich in plant cellulose, which can increase the volume of feces and has good water absorption, and can prevent constipation and intestinal diseases.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that sweet potato is flat and sweet, and its function can "replenish the middle energizer, warm the stomach and enrich the blood, and nourish the five internal organs." Those with white skin and white meat benefit lung qi and produce fluid "(Addendum to Compendium of Materia Medica). In some longevity areas and villages in Japan and China, it is found that local people take sweet potato as their staple food and eat it all the year round. Therefore, sweet potato is also called "healthy and longevity" food.
Because the starch granules of sweet potato are large, it stimulates the secretion of gastric acid after entering the gastrointestinal tract of human body, producing a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, causing abdominal distension, burping and acid water spitting. So be sure to steam the sweet potato thoroughly and cook it, or soak the cut sweet potato in light salt water for ten minutes before cooking it, or cook it with rice, noodles and beans.
People with stomachache, nausea and loose stool should not eat it.
For patients with intestinal dryness and constipation, you can cook a few sweet potatoes and dip them in honey.
Peanut, commonly known as "groundnut". There is a legend in ancient China that peanuts have the function of nourishing and prolonging life, and are known as "longevity fruit". As the folk proverb says, eating peanuts often can keep you healthy, but eating peanuts doesn't want to be meat.
Peanut, as nutritious as soybean, is a high-protein oil crop. Its protein content can be as high as 30%, and its nutritional value is comparable to that of animal foods such as eggs, milk and lean meat, and it is easy to be absorbed and utilized by human body. Peanut kernel contains 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for human body, and the ratio is appropriate. It is also rich in fat, lecithin, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin E, vitamin K, and elements such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. Eating peanuts often can really nourish and prolong life.
Peanut also has high medicinal value. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Xuemin wrote in Compendium of Materia Medica that peanut kernels are "sweet and fragrant, can strengthen the spleen and stomach, and are suitable for people who have a bitter diet". Eating it can stimulate appetite, strengthen the spleen, moisten the lung, eliminate phlegm, clear the throat and replenish qi, etc., and is suitable for people with malnutrition, spleen and stomach disorders, cough and asthma, and insufficient milk.
Modern medical research and clinical application show that peanut oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which can decompose cholesterol in human liver into bile acids, enhance its excretion function, thus reducing cholesterol, and has obvious effects on preventing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly people.
There is also a folk saying that "raw peanuts strengthen the stomach, boiled peanuts moisten the lungs, and fried peanuts protect the liver". Boiled peanuts have the highest nutrition. Herbal Medicine in Southern Yunnan says that peanuts are "boiled with salt water to cure tuberculosis, fried with dry fire to promote blood circulation, and treated with abdominal cold and abdominal pain". However, frying peanuts or eating them after frying will destroy the glycerides and sterols contained in peanut red skin. Peanut soaked in vinegar is called "immortal match", because although peanut contains unsaturated fatty acids needed by human body, it has high fat content, high calorie and greasy feeling. After being neutralized by various organic acids in vinegar, it is greasy and fragrant.
In addition, peanut red coat can inhibit the dissolution of fibrin, promote platelet regeneration and strengthen the contraction function of capillaries. Therefore, it can be used as a diet therapy for hemorrhagic diseases such as thrombocytopenia, pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, urinary tract bleeding, gingival bleeding, etc.
Although peanuts are rich in nutrition, if they are not properly preserved, they are easy to be damp and moldy, resulting in highly carcinogenic aflatoxin. Therefore, moldy peanuts can no longer be eaten.
Sesame, commonly known as "fat hemp", "flax" and "oil hemp". Originated in Africa, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions in Han Dynasty and brought sesame to China, so it was called flax. Because it contains more fat, it is also called fat hemp.
Sesame is widely used as food and medicine. There are many records about it in ancient books. According to Shennong's Herbal Classic, sesame is mainly used for "nourishing the five internal organs, benefiting qi, promoting granulation, filling marrow and strengthening the brain". Ming Yi Lu said that it has the functions of strengthening bones and muscles, keeping eyes and ears open, resisting hunger and thirst, and prolonging life. Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty said that sesame "can make the body shiny, and the white hair is still black". These functions of sesame have been confirmed by modern medical theory and practice.
According to the determination, sesame contains many nutrients. Every100g sesame contains 21.9g of protein, 61.7g of fat, 564mg of calcium and 368mg of phosphorus. In particular, the content of iron is extremely high, up to 50 mg per100g. Therefore, the ancients said that sesame can "fill essence", "benefit marrow" and "enrich blood", and its basis lies in this. In addition, sesame also contains fat-soluble vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and so on. Most of the fat contained in sesame is unsaturated fatty acid, which is especially important for the elderly.
Sesame is rich in lecithin and linoleic acid, which can not only treat atherosclerosis, strengthen brain and enhance memory, but also prevent premature whitening and shedding of hair, beautify and moisturize skin, and maintain and restore youthful vitality. Chinese medicine believes that sesame is a tonic, which has the effects of enriching blood, promoting fluid production, moistening intestines, promoting lactation and caring hair. Suitable for weak body, premature gray hair, anemia, body fluid deficiency, constipation, dizziness and tinnitus. It is found that sesame also contains antioxidant element selenium, which can enhance the function of cells to resist harmful substances, thus playing a role in prolonging life.
Sesame can be divided into black and white. "White wins when taking oil, and black is good when taking food". Black sesame moistens dryness, while white sesame regulates lung. Eating black sesame seeds can relieve constipation and moisturize the skin.
Common eating methods of sesame include leisure eating, adding pasta, cold seasoning, baked food, fried food seasoning, dumpling stuffing seasoning, dipping in sugar-coated haws and so on. Sesame is best eaten after crushing, which is not only attractive in aroma, but also helpful for human body to absorb, because sesame skin is not easy to digest.