From 1979, when the State Sports Commission started Wushu research, to 1989, Wushu Sanda officially became a national competition, China Wushu experienced a long ten-year experiment.
In the past ten years, countless martial artists, athletes and enthusiasts from the government and the people have devoted themselves to it, which is rare in the world in terms of scale and quantity. They experienced the pain of Wu reform together and grew up together with Wu and Wu.
In the past ten years, people have a clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of traditional Wushu Sanshou, which has achieved phoenix nirvana in fierce collision and grown into a fighting force in China.
In the past ten years, China has formed a routine, holding national and local fighting competitions all the year round, and even holding international fighting competitions across the country.
This is an unprecedented event in the history of China Wushu! Before, there were martial artists groping alone in the dark, and before that, there were explorations within the system of the Central Martial Arts School of the Republic of China and intermittent limited fighting competitions. Only it has changed so systematically and thoroughly, only it has such a large scale, only it has produced its own fighting form and systematic competition system, and it is the most colorful dawn of China Wushu dawn fighting.
Looking back on this extraordinary history, I saw those people, those experiments and the growth of Wushu.
People are most concerned about whether the traditional Wushu Sanshou can fight in actual combat. During the Republic of China, several martial arts competitions were not traditional martial arts as we imagined, but still experimental modern competitions. All kinds of martial arts unarmed fighting techniques, and finally the unarmed techniques reformed by the National Martial Arts Museum, occupied a greater advantage in the arena. Later, due to frequent wars, the martial arts school existed in name only, and there was no chance to continue the martial arts competition, and the fighting techniques of the martial arts school were not widely promoted.
Traditional Wushu Sanshou has been circulated for a long time and has a wide range, and legends about its fighting skills are endless. Therefore, when 1979 launched the martial arts confrontation again, a large number of Sanshou competitions of the same kind were held, such as Bagua Palm, Xingyi Boxing, Tai Ji Chuan Boxing and Guagua Boxing.
1982 during the Wushu exhibition, there were public exhibition competitions of Xingyiquan against Xingyiquan, Bagua against Bagua, Bajiquan against Bajiquan and other similar boxing types and schools.
Repeated experiments of athletes' confrontation exercises show that if the form and style of Wushu routines are maintained, it is impossible to form antagonistic fighting movements. This is also the reason why many traditional martial arts masters stand up against modern fighters today. No matter what the result of the confrontation is, in the process of confrontation, people can't see him practicing boxing at all except the original shelf. What people don't know is that this form of confrontation experiment has been carried out in a large number earlier, and it has been proved that it can't be confronted.
Traditional Wushu Sanshou is basically a fake training of "feeding" and "breaking" between brothers and sisters. What seems to be confrontation is actually to understand and standardize routine movements.
Countless kind people have high hopes for traditional Wushu Sanshou, unwilling to believe or accept the fact that Wushu really can't be fought.
During this period, no matter what kind of boxing and genre, the most common comprehensive fighting competition experiments were carried out.
This form of confrontation fighting competition adopts unified rules, and athletes of any kind of boxing can participate, and fighting methods of any kind of boxing can be used. In the competition, athletes of the same level can win as long as they can beat their opponents.
1979, the State Sports Commission officially issued a document, officially confirming that Sanshou was piloted in Zhejiang Sports Commission, Beijing Institute of Physical Education and Wuhan Institute of Physical Education. Zhang Wenguang (Professor of Beijing Institute of Physical Education), Wen Jingming (Professor of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education), Jiang Haoquan (Professor of Anda University) and other Chinese and foreign martial arts experts directly organized and reported the results to the relevant leaders of the Sports Commission. Sanshou experimental teams made public reports on Sanshou techniques in Nanning, Guangxi 1979, Taiyuan, Shanxi 1980 and Shenyang, Liaoning 198 1, which set off the tipping point of Wushu actual combat confrontation in the 1980s.
Throughout the 1980s, under the impetus of the system, many physical education colleges and private schools in China entered the fanatical era of Wushu Sanshou confrontation experiments.
Professor Zhang Wenguang, the organizer of the Sanda Experimental Team of Beijing Institute of Physical Education, practiced Sanda in Nanjing Central Martial Arts Museum in the Republic of China. Therefore, Beijing Institute of Physical Education soon started the research work as required, and selected a student from the 77-grade students of the institute to organize the Sanda team. Zhang Wenguang personally demonstrated and guided, sparred with students and conducted actual combat confrontation. At the same time, he compiled the first domestic Sanda-related textbook Sanshou Boxing, which was officially published on 1982.
Professor Jiang Haoquan, who was also born in Nanjing Central Martial Arts School in the Republic of China, had his own unique system of Jiang's Sanda, and later became the "new fighting technique" consultant of the Shanghai Armed Police Corps.
During the period of 1980, two coaches of Beijing Shichahai Sports School, Mei Huizhi, who had practiced boxing and Cheng Pai's eight diagrams, and Li Baoru, who had studied Italian boxing and wrestling, all had the basis of Sanshou. After seeing the document of Sanshou experiment, they thought that they could also carry out a pilot of Sanshou confrontation in Shichahai Sports School, and their idea was affirmed by President Li Zongquan. Mei Huizhi was the Sanshou coach, Li Baoru was the wrestling coach, and Wang Shouxin was invited as the boxing coach.
Wang Xin, the coach of Zhejiang Wushu Team, studied under the "Shaolin King Kong Zen Natural Gate". During his teaching, he reformed the martial arts of Jingangchan Natural Gate, trained a Zhejiang Sanda team with Shaolin technical characteristics, and publicly performed in Nanning Wushu Observation Competition on 1979. His Sanshou system is fast, brave and sharp in three-dimensional play, which is well received by everyone.
Sun, vice chairman of Shaanxi Wushu Association, formed the first amateur Sanda team in Shaanxi. Sun is good at Xingyiquan, and his moves combine the strengths and advantages of Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan. Based on Xingyiquan technique and absorbing foreign fighting skills, he developed a set of practical Sanda system with traditional martial arts style, which was summarized in the book Twenty Methods of Modern Sanda.
Wang, a martial arts teacher in Shaanxi Police College, has accumulated rich practical experience in Sanshou teaching, absorbed techniques such as Thai boxing and karate on the basis of Sanshou boxing, and created a Sanda system suitable for competitions and military police against the enemy.
After the Armed Police Liaoning Corps established the Sanshou Team, the northeast martial artist Tong Qinghui became the coach, made an experimental improvement on the traditional Sanshou, combined with modern fighting techniques, created his own technical system, and subsequently published a series of classic Sanda textbooks.
Yao Zongxun, a martial artist of Jingyiquan (Dacheng Boxing), learned that the State Sports Commission began to implement Sanshou, and from actual combat, he thought that Yijiquan was unarmed combat, so he formed the Yijiquan Sanshou Team. On the basis of fully inheriting Wang Xiangzhai's boxing theory, Yao Zongxun introduced the physical training and equipment training of western boxing, such as "1". Middle and long distance running II. Quick sprint and emergency stop exercise 3. Improve the body's protective reflex ability (scientific anti-strike ability training) 4. Eye work 5. Sandbag exercise 6. Hand target practice, etc. " In fact, in the 1930 s, Wang Xiangzhai began to learn western boxing methods and training methods, and trained his disciples in various boxing methods such as punching sandbags and Italian boxing.
1986 Sichuan Traditional Wushu Challenge is an open competition held in this situation. It is generally believed that this is the best proof that China traditional martial arts can break up hands. In fact, this is an antagonistic experiment, using some experimental rules of Sanda competition, and many athletes' fighting skills are still immature.
In the past ten years, countless actual combat practices have proved that the comprehensive fighting method, regardless of boxing type and genre, conforms to the basic principles of martial arts attack and defense, conforms to the movement law of martial arts fighting, and has withstood the test of actual combat. After constantly summing up experience and revising competition rules, Wushu fighting and confrontation projects have been continuously improved.
It is feasible to do mixed fighting regardless of boxing and genre, and this form of fighting has continued until now.
In addition to Sanda techniques, other forms of experiments were carried out.
For example, in Wushu Sanda, experiments have been carried out on wearing a chest protector, gloves, head protector and hitting the head. The experiment that wearing gloves and chest protector can attack the head was also carried out.
1982 65438+1From October 6th to14th, the State Sports Commission held a 9-day national Wushu Sanshou competition rules research conference in Beijing. Attending the meeting were Xia Baihua, Zhu Ruiqi, Zeng, Li Tianji, Zhao Qiurong and other 18 martial arts artists from various institutions and people.
Security is the focus of this meeting, and it is also the biggest obstacle to dare not engage in Sanshou confrontation for nearly 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The meeting finally decided to wear a full set of sportswear, vest-type light armor on the upper body, thin knuckles with four fingers together, and medium light sports shoes on the feet. The colors of the whole set of equipment are black and white. This is the original style of Sanda protective gear, which is obviously not what we see today and has been revised many times in the future.
Another question discussed is whether we can start, whether we should wear a hood, and how to start. During the meeting, two experiments were arranged and practical demonstrations were conducted. The results show that it is difficult for both sides to display their own attack techniques in order to prevent the other side from attacking other parts because the athletes' heads cannot be attacked. This rule will lead to the abnormal development of martial arts attacks.
The final opinion in 1982 Sanshou Competition Rules (Draft) is: "You can only tap the head with fists and palms, and you are not allowed to hit the head with heavy punches and combo. It is forbidden to hit the head with legs, knees and elbows (it is forbidden to hit the back of the head and throat, and it is also forbidden to hit the head with turning and punching). "
There are many such experiments, so I won't list them one by one.
Experiment is not actual combat, but actual combat is the best experiment. In the past ten years, China Wushu Challenge has held more than N competitions from all over the country to various provinces and cities. The following are only important national events and overseas events.
1In May, 979, the national Wushu observation and exchange meeting was held in Nanning. Sanshou and short-term soldiers performed a tentative performance, and three pilot units of Zhejiang Sports Commission, Beijing Institute of Physical Education and Wuhan Institute of Physical Education gave a report performance. Representatives from Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces also performed Sanshou.
1979 10. During the 4th National Games, the State Sports Commission dispatched Sanshou teams from Zhejiang and Beijing Sports Institutes to Shijiazhuang Division to perform in public with the Sanshou teams selected by Hebei Sports Commission. There is no challenge in the Sanshou test, just draw a circle with a diameter of six meters on the ground, and the circle is out of bounds, which is equivalent to stepping down now.
1980 In May, at the national Wushu observation and exchange meeting held in Taiyuan, more and more provinces and cities performed Sanshou performances, and Beijing Institute of Physical Education and Wuhan Institute of Physical Education also had internal exchanges.
1980 10, the national Wushu exhibition was held in Kunming. During this period, the State Sports Commission mobilized the relevant personnel of the Sanshou pilot unit to formulate the national Sanshou competition rules and drafted the National Sanshou Competition Rules (Draft for Comment).
1981may, the national Wushu observation and exchange conference was held in Shenyang, and the teams of Beijing Institute of Physical Education and Wuhan Institute of Physical Education held the first open Sanshou exhibition competition.
1982 65438+ 10, the state physical culture and sports commission mobilized relevant personnel from six units, including Beijing, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing Institute of Physical Education and Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, to hold a national conference on the rules of Sanshou competition in Beijing, and formulated the "Rules of Sanshou Competition" (the first draft), which was divided into nine grades by weight. Subsequently, according to this rule, the national Wushu competition was held in Beijing in June 165438+ 10.
1982 from may 8 to 18, the second closed-door Sanshou exhibition was held in Nanchang, Jiangxi.
1982165438+1October 2 1-25, the first national Wushu competition-Sanshou and Tai Chi Pushing Exhibition Competition was held in Beijing, and new rules were adopted. Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hebei, Yunnan, Guangdong, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong participated in the Sanshou competition. Since then, the National Wushu Antagonistic Exhibition Competition has been held every year.
1982 During the Spring Festival, the delegation of Hong Kong Luohanmen Elite Wushu Club arrived in Guangzhou from Hong Kong and performed a Sanshou confrontation performance with the Guangzhou Wushu Team. Since then, it has opened the door of Chinese mainland Sanda Free Fight Port for many years.
1983 In May, the National Sanda and Taiji Pushing Hands Competition was held in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.
On May 8th, 1983- 19, the national Wushu observation and exchange meeting and Sanshou and Taiji tuishou performances were held in Nanchang. 52 athletes from Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hebei, Yunnan, Guangdong, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan and Wuhan Institute of Physical Education 1 1 teams participated in the Sanshou performance.
June 7th 1984 National Sanda and Taiji Pushing Hands Competition was held in Weifang, Shandong Province, with Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Guangdong, Beijing Institute of Physical Education, Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, etc. 17 units,
/kloc-0 In the winter of 1984, Guangdong Sanda Team was invited by the Hong Kong Kung Fu Fitness Association to participate in the provincial, Hong Kong and Macao fighting competition, which was held at the Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Wan Chai, Hong Kong. Boxers from Hong Kong and Macao competed, boxers from Guangdong demonstrated and boxers from Thailand demonstrated. This is the first time that Sanda was introduced to Hong Kong and Macao in the inland areas of China, and it is also the first time to appreciate the fighting skills of Hong Kong and Macao.
1985 In early April, the Hong Kong-Thailand United Team, consisting of ten boxers (including two Thai boxers and eight Hong Kong boxers) selected by the Hong Kong Tiehu Club, the Hong Kong Judo Wushu Club, the Civic Sports Club and the Wutian Wushu Club, arrived in Shanghai on invitation to participate in the Sino-Hong Kong Thai Boxing Competition.
On June 1985,1-17, the National Sanda and Taiji Pushing Hands Competition was held in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. In the same year, the first national Wushu Sanshou Competition of Public Security Armed Police System was held in Nanning. Since then, Wushu Sanshou competition has become an annual official event of the public security armed police system.
On September 8th, 1988- 13, the National Sanda and Taiji Pushing Hands Competition was held in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province. On the basis of the Sanshou exhibition held every year after 1983, the first stage competition was held. The platform is 60 cm high, 8 meters long and 8 meters wide, with Artest in the middle, which further highlights the national color of Wushu. From then on, the form competition of Wushu Sanshou was determined.
1988101-12. the first China international Wushu festival and the third international Wushu invitational tournament were held in Shenzhen. nearly 60 athletes from 15 countries and regions participated in the fierce competition for three days. China won five of the seven events.
During the period of 10, it was the second time that all kinds of martial arts arenas were held, and the scope was so wide that the martial arts arenas in the Republic of China were far behind. This is a powerful historical progress in China.
From 1979 to 1988, ten years of experiments. 1989 Wushu Sanda was approved as a national official championship by the national title, and the standard Sanda experimental period ended successfully.
China's ten-year experiment of martial arts attack and defense did not break away from the traditional martial arts system, but followed the traditional martial arts attack and defense theory and technical methods, and always adhered to the connotation and characteristics of traditional martial arts attack and defense. It is not a "hodgepodge" of various fighting techniques, but an insistence on and development of China traditional martial arts. China Wushu Sanda is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of China Wushu artists.
refer to
[1] Editor of the State Sports General Administration. Wushu Sanshou [M]. Beijing: People's Sports Publishing House 200 1
[2] Zeng Yujiu. A new theory on Wushu Sanda training [M]. Beijing: People's Sports Publishing House 20 13
[3] Xu Fan. The dawn of Sanda. See Zhihu Wushu for a hundred years.
[4] Shi Tao. History of Sanda development. See China Wushu magazine.