When dancing, men and women usually form a semicircle hand in hand, with one leading the dance, men and women asking and answering questions, and singing repeatedly in pairs without instrumental accompaniment. The whole dance consists of two stages: first slow and then fast. The basic movements are "cross-legged fluttering", "walking around" and "cross-legged squatting". The dancer's arm mainly changes the dance posture and the formation moves clockwise. Circles are big and small, and the pattern of "dragon wagging its tail" changes occasionally.
Classification of Guo Zhuang Dance
Pot houses are divided into "big pot houses" for large-scale religious sacrificial activities, "medium pot houses" for traditional folk festivals, and "small pot houses" for gathering relatives and friends, with different scales and functions. Others divide it into "Dazhong Pot Village" and "Lama Pot Village", Zhenguo Village and Pot Village in agricultural and pastoral areas.
There are two kinds of guozhuang dance: old guozhuang dance and new guozhuang dance. Old Guo Zhuang has a sacrificial nature, and most religious people and old people like this tune. The lyrics and dance forms are relatively old, such as the birth of Master Lotus and Peanut, the establishment of Sanye Temple, splendid temples, glittering palaces, good fortune and good harvest.
The songs and dances of Xinguozhuang are more flexible, which mostly reflect the development of productive labor and agricultural production and operation activities, such as "Northern Prairie", "Three Colors of White Porcelain Bowl" and "Above the Golden Dam". Xinguozhuang is a song and dance that young people like. The dance steps of Guo Zhuang dance can be divided into two categories: Guo Zhuo (walking dance) and Kuzhuo (turning dance). The pace of "Guo Zhuo" is a single-phase left start, and the left and right feet * * * hold seven steps as a section, so the cycle starts, from slow to fast, the number of steps remains unchanged, the dance steps are relatively simple, and the participants are easy to learn, so the number of people is very large. Kuzhuo has many kinds of dances, such as two and a half steps, six steps, eight steps, six steps plus time, eight steps plus time, monkey dance and so on.
Guo Zhuang Wu di Qing Guo Zhuang Wu
Declaration area or unit: Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province
Guozhuang dance is a group dance without accompaniment. In Diqing area, some places call Pot Village "Zhuo" (that is, dancing), while others call it "wiping" (that is, playing tricks). It has a long history, which can be traced back to before the 7th century. It changes with the development of Tibetan production and life. Therefore, there are labor songs and dances such as beating highland barley, twisting wool, feeding cattle to make wine, singing and dancing in praise of heroes, showing Tibetan customs and habits, marrying men and women, building new houses and welcoming guests.
Pot dance can be divided into "Qing Ni" (ancient pot) and "Qing Si" (new pot). The legend of Chani spread in Diqing during the time of the three kings of Tubo, which reflected the slavery society and primitive religious form and had the nature of sacrifice. Most of the religious circles and the elderly like rubbing Ni, and the lyrics and dance forms are also relatively old, such as the birth of Master Lotus Peanut, the establishment of temples, temples with golden walls, glittering palaces, making money into treasures, bumper harvests and so on. When you dance this kind of dance, you can only sing special lyrics and you can't change them. Dance is generally slow, steady, simple and solemn. The lyrics and dances of the agency are flexible, reflecting productive labor and praising the development of agriculture and animal husbandry production and trade, such as "Northern Prairie", "Three Colors of White Porcelain Bowl" and "Above the Golden Dam". Ma Shi is a favorite song and dance of young people, and young people express their affection through metaphor pairing in Ma Shi's lyrics. Such as sandalwood and peacock birds, pine and cypress and Ying Ge, willow and cuckoo, snow mountain and red deer, forest and roe deer, grassland and flowers, fish and water.
The lyrics of Guozhuang Dance (especially Cheni) have a set of strict and wonderful rules of parallelism and metaphor. The rules of lyrics are: when singing the sky, sing the sun, the moon and the stars; when singing the place, sing Beijing, Lhasa and hometown. This fixed format is the most prominent in Cheney's lyrics, and it is also used in Essay's lyrics, but it can be used flexibly, improvised and freely. There are many names of dances, namely qupai and epigraph, such as half-step dance, six-step dance, eight-step dance, rope dance, monkey dance, pastoral dance and so on. In Cheney's dance, not only the name of the dance, but also the inscriptions of songs and lyrics. If the lead dancer sings the tune of peacock dance, the partner can only dance peacock dance and sing the traditional lyrics of peacock dance.
The dance steps of Guo Zhuang dance can be divided into two categories: Guo Zhuo (walking dance) and Kuzhuo (turning dance). The pace of "Guo Zhuo" starts from a single phase to the left, and the left and right feet hold seven steps as a section, so that the cycle begins, from slow to fast, the number of steps remains unchanged, the dance steps are simple, and the participants are easy to learn, so the number of people is very large. Kuzhuo's dances are varied. There are two-and-a-half steps, raw step dance, eight-step dance, six-step dance plus pat, eight-step dance plus pat, monkey dance and so on.
Young people like brushing cheese. When dancing, men and women are usually separated, and the left hand is shouldered in a circle. There is no limit on the number of people Dance clockwise. The upper body leans forward, the knees tremble greatly, the stamping action is more, and the heel touches the ground or boots. A man's hips swing from side to side, and his hands only swing with him. The left arm of the female dancer is waist or handle, and the right arm swings back and forth with the movement. There are more than a dozen sets of movements, such as walking in circles, pressing heels, monkeys reaching their feet, three-step turning, three kicks and hooks, peacock drinking water, mountain rabbit jumping and so on.
Guo Zhuang dances and sings, mostly for question-and-answer duet competitions. In the traditional duet competition, whoever has a comprehensive grasp of traditional lyrics will win. In the impromptu quiz, whoever has rich imagination and sharp thinking will win.
The pot dance in Diqing has its own characteristics due to different regions. The tune of the pottery dance music in the area of Deqin Benzilan is deep and elegant, bold and heroic, deep and concise, and it is as long as a huge wave. Dance is free and easy, bold and steady, like an eagle spreading its wings. The combination of lightness, liveliness and boldness. When dancing, all the dancers bend their shoulders and the dance starts smoothly and slowly. In the end, the movements are small and rapid, and the changes are rapid. Song and dance ended in a joyful and warm atmosphere. There is a strict order for the pot dance in Deqin area from beginning to end. The general procedures are: Yiwa (sequence pot), Yang Zhuo (Zhao Fu pot), Sizhuo (welcome pot), Duizhuo (praise pot), Zongzhuo (encounter pot), main Zhuo or (farewell pot), Guazhuo (retention pot) and Zhaxiju (farewell pot). Among them, in addition to the preface and conclusion. Each program has several tunes or dozens of tunes, but the singing must follow the program, and then skip this program and then skip the next program.
Dance genre
Diqing Tibetan pot dance is widely distributed in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. According to the dance image in the Tibetan portrait tablet unearthed in Shigujiaozi Village, Lijiang, pot dance has a history of thousands of years.
Diqing Tibetan pot dance is the most representative in Benzilan Town, Deqin County, Zhantang Town and Xiaozhong Town of Shangri-La City. In the form of singing and dancing, Benzilan displayed a series of etiquette procedures in Pot Village, including "blessing Pot Village", "expelling guests from Pot Village", "praising Pot Village", "meeting Pot Village", "leaving Pot Village" and "praying for Pot Village", which are very rare in Tibetan areas all over the country. Its tunes are divided into four parts: Yao, Xia Zhuo and Zhuo Cao.
Shangri-La Guo Zhuang can be divided into ancient and new types. "Qini" is an ancient pot farm, with ancient lyrics and dance forms, strong sacrifice, special movements and lyrics, which are mostly loved by religious circles and the elderly. Scrubbing Cream is a new dance, a new song and dance different from the times. The songs, dances and lyrics of Diqing Zangguo Village are very rich, and the lyrics are divided into three sentences. People, regardless of gender, age, will get together and dance all night to express their congratulations and blessings.
Guo Zhuang Wu Chang du Guo Zhuang Wu
Reporting area or unit: Xizang Autonomous Region.
Changdu Pot Village, loved by Kangba people in eastern Tibet, has a chic dance and high momentum, which fully shows the fierce beauty of Kangba men. Kangxie in eastern Tibet, represented by Batang Heizai, is more beautiful and lyrical, which fully shows the graceful posture and charming singing voice of Kangba women.
In Tibet, Changdu Pot Village is widely circulated. During festivals, celebrations, weddings and celebrations, men and women gather in squares and courtyards to form a circle and sing and dance clockwise. Men wear baggy pants, and women take off their right arm sleeves and put them behind their backs. Men and women stood aside, hand in hand in a circle, singing in groups. Usually, men take the lead in singing, and then women sing along. The song is loud and penetrating, and the dancers walk around in circles with the song "Scintillation". At the end of the lyrics, everyone shouted "Ya" (onomatopoeia) together, which immediately accelerated the speech speed. They spread their arms sideways, twisted their waist and jumped up, waved their sleeves, sang and danced, and ran and jumped to change their movements. The man's movements are very large, stretching his arms like an eagle hovering and flying; Women's movements are small, and they turn around like a phoenix flapping its wings, showing the characteristics of bodybuilding, liveliness and liveliness. Highland barley wine and Hada are generally placed in the center of the dance circle. After the dance, the elders or organizers offered wine and hada, which sublimated the feelings of brothers and sisters.
There are various forms of pot dance. From the content point of view, it is called Wool Pot Village, which reflects the working life. Reflecting the wedding ceremony is called "Qing Ji Pot Village"; There are "rabbit pot farm" (mixing and simulating the jumping action of rabbits) and "drunken pot farm" (imitating the expression of drunkards and showing the playful movements of the body). Guozhuang dance is vigorous and straight, which not only shows the dance but also emphasizes the expression of emotion. The dance is smooth and natural, graceful and elegant, which not only embodies the national character of Tibetan people in Tibet, such as simplicity, kindness, diligence, courage, enthusiasm and boldness, but also has a certain strength, running and jumping movements, and the movement range is very large. The style of Tibetan folk sports can be reflected in the decoration of performers, the rhythm of movements, the change of dance posture during performances, etc. The fitness function of Guozhuang Dance is obvious.
The rhythm of guozhuang can be divided into three sections: first, sequence dance. When dancing in sequence, as long as the dancers stand in their own positions, they can walk slowly and alternately, with light steps and weak rhythm. After the sequence dance, I gradually entered the adagio Zhuo dance. Allegro Zhuo dance can best reflect the passionate scene of Zhuo dance. At this time, with the sequential dance and adagio Zhuo dance, the dancer's mood reached an unacceptable artistic passion. As a result, they forget everything around them and only care about dancing and jumping, thus showing the beauty of strength and the greatness of a group.
Classification of Changdu Guo Zhuang
According to the regional characteristics, Changdu pottery can be divided into three categories: agricultural pots (including towns), pastoral pots and temple pots.
Pot village in agricultural area is popular in Changdu area in eastern Tibet, and pot village in pastoral area (that is, herdsman dance) is popular in Dangxiong, Heihe and Suoxian. The structure of Guo Zhuang in agricultural area is divided into two sections, namely, from slow singing and dancing to allegro singing and dancing, with three speeds: slow, medium and fast. At the beginning, men and women held hands in a circle, sang in turn, shook their feet, and shouted "dumb" in unison after singing. Suddenly, the dance steps accelerated, jumping faster and faster, ending with a warm allegro.
The level and performance form of pastoral areas are basically the same as those of agricultural areas, but the movements are quite different. Most of them jump with their chest in their hands, turn around in the previous step, and dance smoothly with their feet (hands and feet are the same), which is a major feature of pastoral areas. The movements in pastoral areas can be roughly divided into two types: one is slow rhythm and the dance stretches beautifully; The other is fast-paced and passionate. Most of the movements imitate animal forms, such as "tiger going down the mountain", "eagle hovering", "triumphant" and "wild animals playing", and pay attention to the emotional changes and expressions of the posture, which is the embodiment of the fierce temperament of the Tibetan people in the dance. Generally speaking, movements can be divided into two categories: one is slow rhythm and beautiful dance; The other is fast-paced and enthusiastic. The actions of Changdu Pot Village mostly imitate animal forms, such as "tiger going down the mountain", "eagle hovering", "triumphant" and "wild animals playing". And their performances all pay attention to the emotional change and expression of posture.
Pots and pans in temples are mostly used by temples to read winter scriptures or welcome guests. Its requirements are strict, such as pre-designated dancers (mostly respected male elders); Require uniform clothing and so on. This kind of dance has a certain dance procedure, with steady steps, dignified and subtle dancing and sincere feelings.
Guo Zhuang Wu Yushu Zhuowu
Reporting area or unit: Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province
There are many kinds of Yushu Zhuo dances, mainly praising hometown and natural scenery, and widely reflecting all aspects of social life. The complete performance is divided into three parts: the sequential dance of offering sacrifices to the gods and buddhas, the main part with a wide range of contents, and the auspicious ending. According to its function, Yushu Zhuo dance can be divided into ordinary Zhuo dance with strong secularity and "Fa" Zhuo with strong religious color (called "Qu" Zhuo in Tibetan). The whole structure consists of two parts, from slow to fast, performing in the form of song and dance. The movements of Yushu Zhuo Dance are mainly swinging sleeves, and the performances are often attended by dozens or hundreds of people. The dancers' sleeves were so long that they all dragged on the ground. Men's dance sleeves swing greatly, with graceful movements, freely rotating arms and changeable action routes.
The leg movement range is also very large, so it is necessary to cooperate with the swing sleeve of the arm to do leg lifting, leg lifting, turning and other large-scale jumps and movements. The action route is mainly arc and the whole body is coordinated. The whole dance is rhythmic and magnificent, which fully shows the masculine and handsome beauty of male dance. The movements of women's dance are soft and smooth, and the movements of swinging sleeves and feet are basically similar to those of men's dance, but the range is small, showing the characteristics of women's softness, gentleness and dignity.
Yushu Yiwu
Yushu "Yi" came into being earlier than "Zhuo". In the late Paleolithic period, primitive people discovered primitive music to express their inner feelings and convey their homes according to their daily labor sounds and rhythms. With the emergence and development of Tibetan language, there are songs and ballads. With their development and perfection, the dance form of "Yi" came into being. "Yi" means that the song must dance and the dance must sing, and the two are inseparable.
Most of his lyrics praise nature, religion, labor, inexhaustible natural resources, hardworking and intelligent people, and praise the party and society. Yi's dance movements and skills all come from life, and are developed and refined from productive labor postures such as riding, hunting, herding sheep, threshing, milking, shearing and whipping cream. It is an encyclopedia reflecting the lifestyle of Tibetan people in Yushu, with simple instrumental music such as flute, horn beard, or no instrumental music.
"Yi" is a combination of song and dance. The dance is lively and lively, with a strong flavor of life. It dances when there is a song, and sings when there is a dance. Dance movements and skills come from production and life, involving horse riding, hunting, herding, threshing, milking, shearing, buttering and other activities, with typical plateau characteristics. Yushu is lively and free in dance form, not only in festive festivals, but also in the daily leisure when men and women get together. There are no special requirements for the number, age, gender, costumes and occasions of dancers, and they are suitable for all ages and have a mass base.
Bailong Zhuowu
Bailong Zhuowu, known as Bailong Village in many counties, has a history of more than 800 years. It is a dance performed by Tibetan adult men in temples for sacrificial ceremonies, welcoming guests and religious activities.
The Tibetan folk classical dance "Bailong Zhuowu" mainly originated and spread in Bailong Village, Shur, Shangkaiwa, Xiakaiwa and Dongguo, Chengduo County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. "Bailongzhuo" has a long history, which has been more than 900 years. As a classical dance of Tibetan folk tradition, "Bai Longzhuo" was only performed at sacrificial ceremonies, welcoming guests and temple fairs in ancient times, and only adult men were allowed to participate.
Bailongzhuo Dance is a kind of dance performed by Tibetan adult men in the form of song and dance in the form of poetic language during temple sacrifices, welcoming guests and religious activities. There are about 30 kinds of Bailongzhuo dances in the world, which reflect all things in nature in poetic language through singing and dancing. Bai Longzhuo's dance is rough and elegant, with solemn and full melody, which contains the spirit, belief and value orientation of the Tibetan people, with distinctive regional characteristics and great aesthetic value.
Many Bai Longzhuo dancers have died one after another, with serious faults, shrinking cultural space and falling into extinction, which needs urgent rescue and protection.