Ming Yingzong (Zhu Qizhen, the sixth emperor of the Ming Dynasty) was defeated by the Walla Army in Tubao. The eldest son of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty. Acceded to the throne at the age of 9. ) the capture incident. Going to Tumubao (now Huailai East, Hebei Province), he was caught up by the Walla army and surrounded the Ming army. When the two armies fought, the Ming army was completely annihilated, Wang Zhen was killed by his men, and Ming Yingzong was captured by the Walla army. History is called the change of civil engineering.

background

In the 14th year of Ming Yingzong orthodoxy (1449), a powerful Mongolian tribe named Waci rose in the northern border of Ming Dynasty. After inheriting the throne of Waci, it began to rub against the Ming Dynasty. Wang Zhen of the Ming Dynasty wanted to please first, but due to trade friction, the already uncoordinated relationship between the two sides was intensified and the war finally broke out. This year, more than two thousand people were sent to do business with the Ming Dynasty. In order to get more rewards, they also lied about the number of traders. When Wang Zhen found out, he said that he cheated the court first and unilaterally reduced the price, only giving two-fifths of the money first, which was a change in civil engineering.

And ordered not to trade food. I couldn't find a reason to send troops first, but now I finally have an excuse. He immediately sent his troops to attack Datong, Shanxi, and the defenders of the Ming Dynasty were losing ground, and the emergency military situation quickly spread to Beijing. The Ming Dynasty sent Xu Jingyuan to reinforce Datong with 40,000 troops, but still wanted to expand the conflict. His hometown is near Datong, and he was afraid that the Walla people had invaded his hometown's grange. He wanted to take this opportunity to shake his prestige in front of his hometown, and by the way, he made great achievements and consolidated his position, so he tried his best to persuade Ming Yingzong to use personal expedition. Although Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen is 23 years old this year, he still listens to this "Mr. Wang Zhen" as he did when he was a little prince. You know, when Yingzong was young, this gentleman was his friend, and he felt that the person he trusted most was this Mr. Wang. Wang Zhen said that he wanted to have a personal adventure, and the Wasi were fragile. He immediately believed it and ordered an expedition three days later. On hearing the imperial edict, the officials of the DPRK knelt down outside the noon gate in horror, saying that it was no joke to ask for a personal expedition. It was still a question whether they would be ready in three months and asked Yingzong to take back his life. However, the emperor, who never seemed to grow up, only trusted Wang Zhen, ignored the advice of ministers and insisted on acting according to the original orders. On July 17, Ming Yingzong and Wang Zhen set out with an improvisation team of 500,000 people. Before I left, I only handed over my departure to my brother Zhu Qiyu, regardless of the enemy's situation, and I didn't discuss the operational strategy. I didn't even arrange logistics. I simply regard personal expedition as a child playing games. Of course, everyone knows the consequences. Yingzong was captured in Tumburg, and Wang Zhen was killed by the angry ministry. This is the "rebellion".

Outstanding Qi Jiguang.

Historical origin

The scourge of the enemy has existed since the early Ming Dynasty. When Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty, Japan was in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. As early as the second year of Yuan Shundi to Yuan Dynasty (1336), when Zu Lizhun entered Kyoto, he deposed Daigo, a Weiqi player, set up an emperor, and set up a shogunate in Kyoto. Go Daigo fled to Yoshino in the south and established a court, which was called the Southern Dynasty in history and the Northern Dynasty in Kyoto. In order to restore the kingship and overthrow the shogunate, Go Daigo sent his son to set up Xifu in Kyushu. In addition to the two imperial courts in the north and south, there are still many separatist forces-defending the name. They plundered wealth, and besides fighting with each other, they often supported and colluded with pirate merchants to harass and plunder the coastal areas of China, resulting in the Japanese invasion in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. After Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he sent envoys to Japan one after another to restore relations between the two countries and, more importantly, to eliminate Japanese invasion. However, due to Japan's division and confrontation, several diplomatic envoys failed, and the Japanese invasion became increasingly complicated. Shandong in the north and Fujian in the south were plundered everywhere. In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), the Northern Dynasties unified Japan. Warriors, frustrated politicians and ronin in the Southern Dynasties lost their support, so they crossed the ocean, occupied the islands, and formed a considerable force, invading the coast of China from time to time, which led to the disaster of sunset in the last years of Hongwu. The third generation general of the Ashikaga shogunate who unified Japan, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, also wanted to destroy the remnants of the Southern Dynasties and crack down on maritime thieves. At the same time, he also wanted to develop trade with the Ming Dynasty and gain rich benefits. As a result, relations between the two countries were restored. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu in the Ming Dynasty, the two sides established a merged trade relationship. The Ming Dynasty gave the Ashikaga shogunate a trade certificate, that is, annexation, and the Japanese side came to China to pay tribute to trade. The main purpose of developing relations with Japan in Ming Dynasty was to eliminate the invasion of Japanese pirates to China's coastal areas, so it was enough for the shogunate to actively pursue Japanese pirates. After Ashikaga's death, his son Ashikaga Yoshimochi changed his policy, and the trade between the two sides was interrupted, so the Japanese stopped suppressing Japanese pirates. During the yoshimitsu period of Ashikaga, the looting behavior of the Japanese pirates, which was slightly restrained, spread in the coastal areas of China. Later, during the Ashikaga period, Sino-Japanese trade resumed. In the third year of Chenghua, that is, the first year of Ren Ying in Japan (1467), Japan entered the Warring States period, which showed the weakness of the shogunate and the destruction of the investigation and trade system. In order to gain the right to trade with the Ming Dynasty, some garrison generals robbed the survey and engaged in piracy activities in the name of trade survey. After the middle period of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, the measurement and trade between China and Japan were completely cut off, and Japanese aggression became increasingly serious. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, due to the strong national strength and emphasis on coastal defense, the Japanese pirates failed to cause great disaster. After orthodoxy, with the political corruption and the relaxation of coastal defense in the Ming Dynasty, the arrogance of the enemy became increasingly arrogant. In the fourth year of orthodoxy (1439), the Japanese invaders occupied Tao Zhu village in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, killing and setting fires, digging graves, and even tying the baby to a pole, watering it with boiling water, watching the baby cry, clapping and laughing. The crimes committed by the enemy have brought pain and disaster to the people of China. During Jiajing period, with the further development of commodity economy in southeast coastal areas, foreign trade was quite developed. Private maritime trade along the coast is also very active. Some maritime merchants, such as Dajia, Zhejiang, Fujian, etc., ignored the imperial maritime ban and traded goods with "foreign merchants" in order to reap huge profits. They formed armed smuggling groups at sea in droves, and some even fled overseas, colluding with Japanese pirates on various islands and plundering along the coast. These pirate merchants, such as Wang Zhi and Xu Hai, colluded with the Japanese pirates, which made the Japanese people's suffering more and more serious. At the same time, some Ming bureaucrats also established contact with these bandits. In the twenty-seventh year of Jiajing (1548), Zhu Bi was appointed as the governor of Zhejiang and the military affairs of Fujian in the Ming Dynasty. After Zhu Bi came to power, he blocked the sea and killed 96 people, including Li Guangtou in Japan. Zhu Bi's maritime ban violated the interests of Japanese bureaucrats and the rich. They instructed North Korean bureaucrats to attack Zhu Bi for killing, and as a result, Zhu Bi was forced to commit suicide. From then on, the governor minister did not stand, facing outward, and dared not mention the sea ban again. The enemy became more rampant. The heinous crimes committed by the enemy have brought serious disasters to the people of China. The angry people of China organized themselves to defend themselves against the Japanese. In the thirty-first year of Jiajing (1552), the Japanese army invaded Nanhui County, and Min Dian and others raised thousands of people to fight. In the same year, the Japanese army invaded Songjiang, and Sun Tun, a businessman from Yingzhou, donated money to support the army. He also sent people back to his hometown to mobilize his sons and nephews to participate in the anti-Japanese struggle. At that time, there was a saying that Wuzhong depended on the Great Wall. In the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (1555), the anti-Japanese army composed of Miao, Han, Zhuang and Yao nationalities, led by patriotic generals of Ming Dynasty, defeated the Japanese invaders in Wang (Jiaxing North) and killed 2,000 people. This was a great victory in the anti-Japanese struggle during Jiajing period, and it was called "the first time since the Japanese invasion". In the thirty-seventh year of Jiajing (1558), the Japanese invaded Dinghai, and the residents in the city fought to the death. The enemy turned to Changle, and the city wall collapsed for tens of meters. Thousands of residents lined up to refuse to fight and defend to the death. In the same year, the Japanese army attacked Yangzhou, and hundreds of businessmen from all over the country participated in guarding the city. A businessman surnamed Gao shot and killed the Japanese leader, and Yangzhou City was saved. Patriotic generals, represented by Qi Jiguang, emerged in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Relying on the strength of the people, he made meritorious deeds in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and finally won the Anti-Japanese War.

Event process

In the 40th year of Jiajing (156 1), thousands of Japanese invaders attacked Taizhou in Tao Zhu and Qitou in Zhejiang. With the cooperation and support of the people, Qi Jiguang led his troops to win nine out of nine wars, annihilated a large number of Japanese pirates and won a decisive victory. Lu Tang and Niu Tianxi also defeated the Japanese in Ningbo and Wenzhou. All the pirates in eastern Zhejiang were swept away. The next year, the enemy invaded Fujian on a large scale. The enemy of Wenzhou and the enemy of Funing and Lianjiang jointly captured Shouning, Zhenghe and Ningde. The enemies of Nan 'ao in Guangdong and Fuqing and Changle captured Xuanzhong and extended to Longyan, Songxi, Datian, Gutian and Putian. The enemy is on Yuheng Island, five kilometers away from Ningde, and they are risking their lives to hold on. The official army was at loggerheads with the enemy for more than a year. The new Japanese invaders camped in Tian Niu and Xinghua, and supported each other, which made Fujian frequently in an emergency. Qi Jiguang led the army into Fujian to suppress bandits. Qi Jiguang captured Yu Heng and beheaded 2,600 people. They also attacked Tian Niu and destroyed the enemy's lair. The enemy fled to Xinghua, pursued by Qi Jiguang, and fought overnight, even cutting 60 battalions. Qi Jiajun entered Xinghua City and was warmly welcomed by the people. Qi Jiguang returned to Fuqing and wiped out 200 Japanese pirates who landed. At the same time, Liu Ling, the general of the Ming Dynasty, suffered repeated battles and defeats, and almost all the enemies entrenched in Fujian were wiped out. After Qi Jiguang returned to Zhejiang, the Japanese army plundered the coastal areas of Fujian. At the end of forty-one, Jiajing captured Xinghua Fucheng, burned and looted, and committed all kinds of evils. It took more than two months to abandon the empty city. Pinghaiwei (now Pinghai, Putian County) was captured by Qitou and used as a nest to harass everywhere. Fujian is once again facing the threat of Japanese invasion. Yu, the new Fujian company commander in the Ming Dynasty, supported the Guangdong company commander in Fujian in advance and fought against Japan with Qi Jiguang. In April of the 42nd year of Jiajing (1563), Qi Jiajun re-entered Fujian. In the battle of Pinghaiwei, the Qi family army acted as a frontal attack, and the right army acted as a coordinated attack between the two wings. On 2 1 day, Qi Jiajun divided into three roads with Hu Shouren as the leader, disrupted the vanguard cavalry of Japanese thieves with firearms and launched a storm. Yu and Liu joined hands from both wings. The enemy was attacked on three sides and fled back to the nest in confusion. The third way, the Ming army pursued the victory, trapped the enemy in the old nest, and beat it with wind and fire, razing the Japanese old nest to the ground. This battle only took four or five hours, wiped out more than 2,000 Japanese troops, rescued more than 3,000 men and women, and the Ming army recovered Xinghua City. After the Battle of Pinghaiwei, Qi Jiguang led the troops to wipe out the original enemy who invaded Zhengshouning. In the 43rd year of Jiajing (1564), the Japanese army defeated the enemy in Xianyoumen, Tongan Wangcangping and Zhangpu Caibuling successively, and gained a lot. Later, Qi Jiguang defeated the enemy in Funing, and finally swept away the enemy in Fujian together. I fled to Guangdong. At this point, the Japanese invasion in Fujian has basically settled. Yu is also an anti-Japanese hero. After Fujian pirates were pacified, Guangdong pirates suffered heavy losses. Japanese invaders in Guangdong were mainly pacified by Yu. Before he took office in Guangdong, he recruited 6000 peasant armed forces in Zhangzhou. After he arrived in Guangdong, he successively transferred 14000 troops from Ting and Zhangzhou to Guangdong, the main part of which was the team he recruited in Fujian. After arriving in Guangdong, Yu recruited and organized peasant armed forces and achieved great success in the struggle against the enemy. In the forty-third year of Jiajing (1564), in the battle near Haifeng, farmers armed with wasps and others heroically killed the enemy and won. Yu led the Guangdong army and civilians to annihilate the Guangdong pirates. At this point, the Japanese invaders on the southeast coast were finally pacified, which was the result of the joint fighting of patriotic soldiers and civilians. The invasion and harassment of Japanese pirates have caused great damage to people's lives and social economy in the southeast coastal areas. Pacify Japanese aggression, make people live and work in peace and contentment, and develop production. In the process of putting down the Japanese rebellion, some officials of the Ming government realized that the "sea ban" could neither restrict private maritime trade nor prevent Japanese pirates. On the contrary, it drives coastal residents onto the road of armed smuggling, colluding with the Japanese pirates inside and outside, which is quite harmful. At the end of Jiajing, far-sighted bureaucrats suggested that the government lift the maritime ban and develop maritime trade. When Mu Zong was in Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty, the Ming government began to cancel the "maritime ban" and allowed foreign trade. This undoubtedly conforms to the trend of social and economic development and promotes the development of normal maritime trade and commodity economy in the southeast coast.