1. Hardwoods used for furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties include rosewood, Huang Huali, chicken wing wood, iron pear wood, rosewood wood, oak hazel wood, ebony wood, rosewood wood and camphor wood.
2. White wood used for furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties includes beech, elm, nanmu, walnut and boxwood.
Third, the material characteristics of furniture in Ming and Qing dynasties are basically the same, but in Ming dynasty, Huang Huali, rosewood, chicken wing wood, ironwood and beech wood are the most; In the Qing Dynasty, rosewood was the best material, and rosewood, chicken wing wood and iron pear wood were also available. Huang Huali was relatively rare, and beech, elm, oak hazel and walnut were the most widely used among the people.
Fourth, the characteristics of precious wood
Huang Huali 1. The preferred material for furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties is Huang Huali wood. Its color is not quiet and loud, but its texture is vivid and changeable. Huang Huali didn't have this name in ancient times, only "Huali" or "Flower Donkey". Later, it was dubbed "yellow", mainly to distinguish the so-called "new pear" which is still widely used to make furniture. Its distinctive feature is that the pattern has a surface, that is, the tree is the best and the flowers are thick and light. Another feature is that heartwood and sapwood are very different. Heartwood is reddish brown to dark reddish brown or purple reddish brown, with different shades, often with dark brown stripes, and sapwood is grayish brown or light yellow brown.
2, rosewood. Since ancient times, China thought rosewood was the most valuable wood. Because it is too expensive, there are not many rosewood objects left. If it is a large-sized furniture, because of the scarcity of materials, less is preserved. Red sandalwood has the strongest texture and the heaviest weight among all kinds of hardwood. In addition to purple and black, some are as black as paint, and the texture is almost invisible. It's not as gorgeous as Huang Huali, but it's quiet and ancient, which is beyond doubt. Among all kinds of hardwoods, rosewood has the finest texture, the heaviest weight, and the grain is not obvious. When rosewood is put into liquor, it will immediately decompose into pink, and form a sticky gel with liquor, which can be connected into lines when poured out. This is an effective way to identify rosewood, which is mainly produced in India and also produced in Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi in China.
3, chicken wing wood. Chicken wing wood is also called "Qizi wood". Chicken wing wood has a fine texture, and purple and brown are written alternately, especially the longitudinal section is fine and fluttering, with the shining luster of bird neck and wings. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, there were few old pterosaurs used for furniture. There are about 40 ~ 60 species of Leguminosae Chiroptera, and 26 species in China, mainly produced in Fujian Province. It was renamed because it had beautiful patterns like chicken wings.
3. Tielimu. Tielimu is also called "Tielimu" and "Tielimu". Tieli wood is the tallest of several hardwoods. Because of the large material, many large pieces of furniture are made of it, sometimes used in the back soil of furniture, as drawer boards and drawers. It sometimes has patterns, as thick as wood. Tielimu is a tall evergreen tree with an upright trunk, with a height of more than ten feet and a diameter of more than ten feet. Originated in East India, it is distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi.
4, mahogany. Mahogany is a kind of high-quality hardwood, with dozens of varieties and names such as sour branch, mahogany, old mahogany, new mahogany, fragrant mahogany, rosewood and old mahogany. Mahogany is hard and durable. Old mahogany is similar to rosewood, but it has a deeper luster, a lighter color, a less tight texture and a fragrance. Mahogany is a tropical wood, belonging to Dalbergia, mainly produced in India, and also produced in Guangdong, Yunnan and Nanyang Islands in China. It is a common and precious hardwood. "Redwood" is the common name of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and North China, and Guangdong is commonly known as "rosewood".
5. beech. Beech is a kind of elm, produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. Its wood is firm, beautiful in color, widely used and valuable. Its old wood is red, hence the name "blood beech". Also known as red beech. Beeches have beautiful patterns, such as overlapping mountains, which are called "pagoda patterns" Stronger than ordinary wood, but not hardwood, it occupies an important position in Ming and Qing furniture.
5. Elm. White elm, also known as "white elm", is a widely distributed tree species, which is produced in plain areas of China. It is classified as wood or cork, with straight texture, large pattern, slightly coarse structure, obvious brown eyes and soft texture. Easy to process and carve. The elms in Zhangjiakou area and on both sides of the Yellow River in Shandong Province are the best. This kind of wood is the main type of folk furniture in Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin.
6. Cypress. Cedar belongs to the family Cupressaceae, and was called "Yue Bai" in ancient times, including Platycladus orientalis, Platycladus orientalis and Arhat cypress. China folk custom divides cypress into two kinds: south cypress and north cypress, and the texture of south cypress is better than that of north cypress. Its color is orange-yellow, its texture is delicate and symmetrical, its texture is delicate, it is relatively water-resistant, and it is also a kind of medicinal material. It is non-cracking, corrosion-resistant, suitable for carving plates, and is a valuable material except hardwood.
7.nanmu. Nanmu belongs to Lauraceae, and there are many kinds. Yan 'an and Zinan are the main buildings and furniture commonly used. The former is an evergreen tree, which is produced in Ya 'an and guanxian, Sichuan. The latter, alias Jin Sinan, is produced in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and southern Jiangsu. Nanmu has elegant and symmetrical color, small expansion deformation, easy processing and corrosion resistance. This is the best cork.
The composition about furniture is about 600 words.
My new bed last week, my father bought a bed that belongs to my sister and me, and it finally arrived! On Monday, after I went to the English cram school, my mother told me the good news as soon as I entered the room. I am very happy.
However, my room is a mess. My old bed has been moved, and so has my old desk. The rest of the clothes, toys, pillows and so on were taken down and became a hill. I ran out of the room and hurriedly asked my mother, "How did my room become like this? How can I sleep today? " "If not, how can you have a new bed? The bed is coming, and these things have to be put on! Come and play! " I can't help it That's my bed. I will clean it up.
At two noon, my bed came. It's really big. There is a small bookshelf on the first floor, with six squares and a quilt under it! My bed is beige, and the upper and lower floors can be separated into two beds. It is beautiful and firm, and will not make a creaking sound.
If it was before, there were a lot of sawdust in the old bed. When shaking, it not only makes a creaking sound, but also shakes badly, as if it can't support the things on it. My mother is afraid that she will suddenly be unable to support the things on the second floor and press me.
Dad not only helped me buy a new bed, but also bought a desk. My desk is beige. Dad bought a crystal pad on it to avoid getting dirty or damaged. My old desk was too small and I often stooped when sitting, so my father bought a set of desk and this new bed. There is a small drawer and a grid for keyboard on it. This table can hardly fit into the space. There is a grid for schoolbags under the chair.
After buying a set of furniture, my father said to cherish it, because my sister will use it with me in the future. I said, "Don't worry! When my sister grows up, it will still be as brand-new as it is now! "
Changes in furniture composition 700 words
As long as I can remember, great changes have taken place in my furniture.
Come and have a look with me! Let's start with the living room. There used to be a small color TV, but now it has been replaced by a big LCD TV.
Originally, the broom was used to sweep the floor, but the dust in some corners or small gaps is always difficult to remove. Mom and dad felt very troublesome, so they added a vacuum cleaner, which was convenient and labor-saving.
I used to sit in a hard wooden chair when I was resting, but now I have replaced it with a big sofa, which is spacious and beautiful, soft and comfortable! Tell me about my room. Great changes have also taken place. At first, I wrote and read on a small desk and bench, and I had to lie on it. Later, my mother said that it would affect the skeletal development of my body, so she bought me a brand-new desk and chair.
I used to put books on my desk, but gradually, there were more and more books, which was inconvenient to pick up. So I have a bookshelf that can hold hundreds of books, and I don't have to worry about where to put them anymore.
Recently, my mother gave me an exquisite new bed, which is very comfortable to sleep in! Finally, talk about mom and dad's room. Mom and dad's bed used to be a combination of two single beds. Now we have a big and beautiful double bed, and we have bought soft pillows, new quilts and sheets, which give people a very warm feeling.
In the past, clothes were put on cartons or benches, but now there is a wardrobe hanger, and there is no place to put clothes! How much has changed in my family! These are all created by parents. When I grow up, I will make our home more perfect!
Composition for cleaning furniture
One Sunday morning, I was reading at home.
Suddenly, my mother called me, "It's going to rain. Come and help me carry some bags of corn from the bungalow. "
"Hearing my mother's shouts, I quickly flew to the bungalow.
I saw * * * eight bags of corn, all with holes, each bag 180 kg.
It is difficult for one person to carry a bag, so only two people can carry one bag.
I grabbed the mouth of the bag with both hands, and my mother dug her hand into the corner of the bag. With the sound of my horn, the bag was lifted.
Mom walked backwards in front, and I followed.
My bungalow has more than a dozen steps, and it is bent before it is halfway up.
Seeing this, my mother asked me to put down my schoolbag and changed places with me.
It's still mom's strength, and the weight of the whole schoolbag is almost borne by her alone.
In order to relieve my mother's pressure, I lifted my bag hard.
After two bags, I was sweating and exhausted.
So I suggested to my mother: roll the bag down the steps.
My mother saw that my face was covered with sweat and said helplessly, "that's it."
"As luck would have it, when the first bag was rolled up, the mouth of the bag opened and a lot of corn was spilled.
The second bag rolled down was broken again, and corn was scattered all over the yard.
Mother said, "This method won't work.
"This reminds me that we must find a good way.
What should I do? Suddenly, I saw two bamboo poles with thick bowls on the wall of the yard.
I was so happy that I rushed down the bungalow and put two bamboo poles side by side on the edge of the bungalow.
Mother asked, "What are you doing?" I said mysteriously, "You will know later.
"I said, and tied the two ends of two bamboo poles together respectively, and then said to my mother," Come, let's carry our schoolbags to the runway.
"This method is really smart. A bag of corn sat on the track and quickly slipped down.
Without much effort, we moved the remaining bags from the bungalow.
My mother touched my head excitedly and said, "Children should learn to use their brains when they grow up!" " "After listening to my mother's words, my heart is sweeter than eating honey, and my previous fatigue has also flown to the outside of the cloud nine.
A 300-word composition for junior middle school students to introduce furniture
Speaking of chairs, everyone will think of furniture that is indispensable now. Chairs are indeed one of the furniture we can't live without.
It can be said that with chairs, we have a comfortable family life.
There are many kinds of chairs, such as rose chairs, reclining chairs, rocking chairs, Qing dynasty chairs, benches, bamboo chairs, armchairs, armchairs, multifunctional chairs, folding chairs, round-backed chairs and so on. Each kind of chair has its unique and admirable special function.
In today's life, people are often not satisfied with these common chairs, and often hope that their chairs can make them more comfortable. This kind of chair has existed for a long time and is called "multifunctional chair". This multifunctional chair can rely on thermal energy to generate electricity, providing people with a very comfortable * * *, making people feel infinitely comfortable after hard work.
In the high-speed life of the city, many old people want to see the small chairs in the countryside before, which is very nostalgic. How can we not satisfy these small wishes of the elderly? Now, shops have begun to sell hand-woven "bamboo chairs", which are made of light bamboo strips and are ventilated, cool, breathable and elastic when sitting.
Nowadays, families can hardly live without chairs. When traveling, they often think of the importance and novelty of chairs, but the heavy furniture chairs can't be moved at all. Smart people invented a kind of lightweight and portable "folding chair", which is very special. It is made of heavy cloth and can be folded very large, which is convenient for us to travel. Sitting in this chair when traveling will definitely relax you and accompany you all the time.
In addition to people who want to take chairs out to play, there are many people who fantasize about exercising in chairs. This kind of chair has also appeared, and it is called "fitness chair". This kind of fitness chair integrates all aerobic exercises, and its feet are similar to the telescopic pads of a small treadmill. People can sit in chairs and move freely with their legs. Although the exercise effect is not very good, this kind of chair combines the infinite ideas of many people.
Nowadays, people can't live without chairs. All kinds of chairs have come out. I believe that in the near future, more unique and practical chairs will come into our lives again.
Composition of green environmental protection furniture
Twenty years after the arrival of the earth, I am already an adult working. One day, I was working, and suddenly, a disgusting smell came from the "waste collection station" not far away.
I persisted for a while, but finally I couldn't bear the blow of that smell.
I wanted to know, so I went to the "waste collection station".
As soon as I saw it, I was stunned by the environment here.
"Oh, my God!" I yelled.
The environment here is really worse than I expected: there are garbage cans and lunch boxes everywhere, piling up like mountains.
Plastic bags of various colors are flying all over the sky, and can be seen everywhere on branches and grass.
Seeing this scene, I was both surprised by the pollution of the environment and disappointed by those who throw rubbish at will.
The sea world has also been destroyed by human beings, and the dark blue sea water suddenly turned into dim sewage.
The small fish and shrimp in the sea also disappeared silently.
Waves of cries of pain poured out from the distant "fish killing factory"
Looking around, I saw several young people holding swords, and several people with great strength holding extremely tough broadswords.
Trying to kill a blue whale weighing180,000 kg.
The blue whale struggled desperately to get rid of human clutches.
No matter how it swings its huge body, it is difficult to escape its clutches.
In a flash, the blue whale broke its head and slowly fell in a pool of blood. It left this world forever.
It's not just blue whales that are killed by humans.
Damn human beings kill cute little animals, rabbits, frogs and snakes, put them on gluttonous tables and soak wine with tiger bones for their greedy mouths.
Ignorant humans killed many small animals to feed themselves.
Now, they are still addicted to the idea of killing small animals around them and destroying the ecological environment by various means for personal interests.
But do they know that some animals, such as Tibetan antelope, blue whale, leopard, lion and tiger, are on the verge of extinction?
Humans, wake up! Let's never kill animals or litter again.
Let the earth truly become a loving human home and let everyone protect the environment! Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility.
Hope to adopt
My furniture friend's composition is about 500 words.
My home 500-word composition 2011-165438 | You can't share your homework. Xueba will help you download it right away. Please answer my home if you are satisfied. Everyone has a home, and everyone will love their home very much, so I am no exception.
Home can give people a warm feeling, make people full of confidence and cheer up from failure.
However, home is the most important pillar for people everywhere.
I love my family for many reasons, the main reason is the environment of my parents and family.
"Love grows with time" is absolutely correct. Whether it is a person or a dead thing, as long as it is faced for a long time, it will have a deep feeling.
Unconsciously, I have lived at home for thirteen years. There are my most beloved parents, the most familiar environment and my stories for many years.
At home, my parents are like my good friends. They laugh and laugh every day. Even though they are unhappy on their way home, as soon as they step into the house, my heart is as relaxed and free as being loosened.
In the environment where I grew up, there were both happy and sad sides.
In the whole room, my favorite is my room. There is a desk, a big bed, a bookshelf, a dresser and a computer in the room ... I lie prone on the desk every day to do my homework, sleep on the big bed, and sometimes sit in front of the computer to relax when I am tired, so that my brain can relax after working for a long time, and I can flip through the books in the bookcase when I have time.
Everything in the room is accompanied by my joy, anger, sadness and joy.
Another place I am familiar with is my small garden.
There are green grass and flowers in the garden.
I often play in the garden.
I love my family, every member of my family and every story of my family.
Home is the cradle of every child's growth and the harbor of every child's life.
I have a warm, happy and harmonious home.
I love my family.
Walking in the rain Xu | 2011-11-08
Smart home composition is not less than 300 words.
Now the system in the house and home is controlled manually, which is troublesome to think about.
In 20031year, I invented the smart home system, and all the troubles at home were OK.
If you take the time elevator to 203 1 now.
You will see tall buildings standing on the roadside like sentries.
Suddenly, the earth rumbled and began to shake. It turned out to be an earthquake.
At this time, I saw the house suddenly stand up, with four wheels exposed below, and suddenly the house became a car.
You must think: such a big house must be slow to start.
No, look, the car ran away like the wind.
It will automatically search for a safe place and "settle down" there. Other minor problems, such as aging and cracking of water pipes, will be automatically repaired by the smart home system.
When you walk to the door, the "door camera" will take photos and send them to the owner.
If the host is not at home, the "door horn" will automatically say, "The host is not at home, please wait a moment.
"Let the computer send information or send it yourself.
If you want to send it yourself, just say "I will send it myself".
When there are guests in the house, the smart home system will automatically emit fragrance, and it will also automatically air-condition according to the guests' physique, giving them a comfortable environment.
When you need to go out, go to the garage, where there is no car.
If you enter a destination on the wall, an elevator will automatically appear.
As long as you step on it, you will reach your destination, and you can lie on the elevator to sleep and enjoy the cool.
In summer, mosquitoes and flies are the most annoying, buzzing in their ears all day.
At this point, the insect catching system is turned on.
When a bug comes in, the system will automatically search where it is, and when it is found, it will automatically electrocute it with an electric mosquito swatter.
Speaking of which, where does the water and electricity of the house come from? Haha, electricity flows from the sewage sewer through the generator to generate electricity. A drop of sewage can generate several kilowatts of electricity.
Water is changed by cooling water vapor in the air.
After being generated by the generator, it enters the filter box for filtration and finally becomes a drop of clean water.
When there is not enough water, it will be automatically pumped out of the air.
Is the smart home system in the future good?
Furniture self-report 200-word composition
Our family is great ... when you see the situation in our family, you will feel a kind of sympathy! ! ! Let's look at my chair first. You see, the chairs above are all cushioned, one on the left and one on the right. It is almost impossible to sit. It is said that this is handed down by my grandfather's grandfather, but he is still the youngest in our family.
"ouch!" Look, I don't know who was unlucky enough to be knocked upside down by my bench again.
Let's have a look at my bed. It is the most primitive wooden bed with incomplete boards.
I have been sleeping in a life-threatening bed since I was born, so now everything from scapulohumeral periarthritis to lumbago and leg pain is attacking me.
This bed has a longer history and was handed down by my grandmother's great-grandfather's grandmother. It has a long history! ! Look at my mirror again What about this mirror? It's bronze, but the glass is not painted. This is handed down from my ancestors, and it is a family heirloom! Grandma said that it is of great historical value, and many historians come to visit it, hoping to buy this mirror for their study! However, grandma said she would donate it to the museum (really! When we get to the museum, historians can study it! )。
Now, I have finally finished writing this article. According to statistics, it took me three years to finish writing, and the chair fell four times and collapsed 29 times.
I asked my mother to change furniture for our family many times, and she said it was historical beauty (in fact, I just don't want to spend money ~ ~).
God, somebody help me! ! !
A composition about family life.
About 600 words.
Don't use too many words.
Do you want to know what my family life is like? Let me tell you in detail! Home, for us, is the root to which leaves can return; It is a nest that lonely geese can yearn for; It is the sea that rivers can embrace; It is a coast that ships can rely on.
Home is our warm harbor.
-Inscription from childhood, my family grew up with me, and my family recorded my joys and sorrows. It is this kind of joys and sorrows that made me learn a lot.
I remember when I was in the second grade of primary school, I learned to ride a bike.
Because I didn't have a good balance at first and my feet couldn't reach the ground, I always fell down.
Although it didn't hurt to fall, because it was summer, after several falls, I was so upset that I couldn't sit on the ground at all.
But how is that possible? Although there are not many pedestrians, no one is a laughing stock. My mother quickly let me get up, but I won't be there to listen.
"What to learn to ride a bike on a hot day, now the traffic is so convenient, why not go somewhere? You can walk where there is no car ... it's better than riding a bike anyway.
""Isn't that what you want to learn? " "I won't learn now!" "Will you be a loser?" "I ..." I was shocked by my mother's words. I never thought about the word "loser", and I never thought that such a small thing would make me a loser ... I stared at my mother and wondered what she would do next-she would definitely pull me up from the ground, for sure! -But I was wrong. My mother stood up and walked away, leaving only one sentence: "It's not terrible to fall. If you are willing to stand up again, you can still succeed, but if you give up, you will accomplish nothing.
You are a volunteer ... "That day, I learned to ride a bike and stand up.
Since then, "standing up" has become the pillar of my life. No matter what I do, what I learn and what kind of problems I encounter, I will keep walking when I come home and think of the phrase "stand up".
Because of this, I have enviable achievements in my class; Because of this, I can play self-taught music with my classmates at the party; Because of this, my interpersonal relationship in the department is very good; Because of this, I can sit in the first examination room and compete with the elites of the whole department with confidence ... Yes, I always thought that everything I got came from "standing up", but now I find that I was wrong. What really supports me is my home, that happy and warm home.
Maybe one day in the future, I will stay away from this place where I was born and raised, but I will never forget that there is a place in the distant horizon that is my eternal reliance and eternal haven. ...
The furniture was replaced by a 450-word composition, which is a composition!
I like making handicrafts since I was a child. I used to make simple gadgets, but now my life is over.
I remember the summer vacation of the second day of junior high school. Because Miss Li went to Nantun, she was in a bad mood, but she was still very interested in playing.
One day in the summer vacation, my brother clamored to go downstairs to play, my mother was not available, my father went to work, and I took my brother out to play alone.
There is nothing interesting downstairs. Suddenly thought of playing with mud. I asked my brother to go upstairs to fetch water.
After my brother brought water, I quickly took it, sprinkled some water on the dry land, and then began to dig up, roll the soil on the dry soil and let it dry. After drying, I began to make mud "small furniture".
I made a small bench first. The bench is made of a small piece of mud, then made of four rectangular strips as thick as elephant feet, and finally glued together with four strips.
My brother made a small square table. He first made the mud into a square piece, and then made four small rectangular strips, and the small square table was ready.
Then I made a small bed with a flower on it, which is very beautiful ... I won't tell you now, just think for yourself! That day of summer vacation was my happiest day.
Please indicate the source for reprinting. What precious wood can be used for furniture?