In 2009, Huantai County covered an area of 509 square kilometers with a total population of 496,700.
Huantai is the "hometown of architecture" in China, the first "tons of grain county" in Jiangbei area of China, and the "land of plenty" in the north.
As early as the Neolithic Age in primitive society, human civilization appeared in China.
Huantai is the hometown of Wang Yuyang, a poet leader in the early Qing Dynasty.
In addition, Yuan Gu, Chongguang Wang, Wang Xianggan, Wang, Xu Ye and other literati and celebrities all had an important influence in the history of China.
Huantai County is the contact point for The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) to study and practice Scientific Outlook on Development.
Huantai has been ranked among the top 100 counties in China for seven consecutive years, and has successively won the honorary titles of advanced science and technology in China, advanced civil affairs in China, advanced culture in China, ecological demonstration county in China, most concerned about people's livelihood in China and civilized county in China.
In 20 10, Huantai ranked 78th among the top 100 counties in China (2959 county-level administrative regions in China). Ranked15th among the county-level administrative regions in Shandong Province (there are more than 140 county-level administrative regions in Shandong Province).
Ranked 96th in the ranking list of 20 1 1 National Top 100 Counties.
20 12 China's top 100 counties ranked 83rd; 20 13 China's top 100 counties ranked 95th.
The development of history
Because there is a circus in Qi Huangong, it was named Huantai County.
Huantai County is one of the areas where people lived and lived in the early days. The earliest Oracle Bone Inscriptions in China was unearthed at the Historian Site.
Huantai Zhou Dynasty belongs to Qi State, and Qin belongs to Qi County.
In 206 BC, the county was established and named Xi 'an County.
1260—— 1263 belonged to Zizhou Road (the year of China's reunification), 1265 belonged to Zilai Road (from the Yuan Dynasty to the first year), and 1287 was renamed as Puyang Road.
1376 (ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty) belonged to Zizhou, and changed to Jinan Prefecture the following year.
The Qing dynasty followed the Ming system.
19 13 (2 years of the Republic of China) Fu, Zhou, Cunxian, Daoxian and Xincheng counties belong to Jinan Road.
In June of the following year, it was renamed Qinshui County.
In April, it was renamed Huantai County, named after Qi Huangong Circus.
1928 waste road system, directly under Shandong province.
1In July, 938, the 12th echelon of the 13th detachment of the North China Guerrilla Column was stationed in Jituzhi County, belonging to the Tenth Commissioner's Office of Shandong Province.
/kloc-in 0/0, the administrative joint defense department of the border region of four counties (Chang (Shan), Huan (Tai), Lin (Zi), Yi (Du) was established, which was subordinate to the Qinghe Special Committee.
On April 28th, 1940, anti-Japanese democracy was established in Huantai County, which was under the Qinghe Commissioner's Office.
At the same time, the administrative defense office of the border region of four counties in Changyuan Linyi was abolished.
At the end of the year, it was changed to Qingxi Agency of Qinghe Executive Director's Office.
1942 1 month, * * * Qinghe district Committee decided to cancel the county organizational system and set up Chang Huan military and political working group, which belongs to the Zhong Qing special agency of Qinghe administrative office.
In July of that year, it was changed to Qingxi Society.
1August, 943, anti-Japanese democracy was restored in Huantai County, with the same membership.
1944 65438+ 10, Qinghe district merged with Hebei-Shandong-Henan border region, which was called Bohai administrative region, and Huantai county was the sixth agency of Bohai administrative region.
1August, 945, changed to the third institution of Bohai Administrative Region.
1July, 949, the third agency was renamed Qinghe agency, a county.
1950 In May, Qinghe Society was revoked and Huantai County was transferred to Zibo Society.
1June, 953, Zibo Agency was renamed as Zibo Industrial and Mining Special Zone, and Huantai County was transferred to Huimin Agency.
1958 1 1 In June, Huantai was merged into Boxing County, and it was affiliated to Zibo.
September 196 1, moved to huantai county and changed to Huimin society.
1983 10, Huantai County was assigned to Zibo City.
Huantai County is located in the north of central Shandong Province and the north of Zibo City. Its geographical coordinates are 36 51'50 "-37 06' 00" north latitude and117 50' 00 "-18 65438 east longitude.
geology
Huantai County is located at the junction of the second uplift zone and the second subsidence zone of New China, bounded by the Qihe-Guangrao deep fault, and located in the southeast of the northern North China Depression (secondary structural unit) and Jiyang Depression (tertiary). The south-central part is located at the northern end of chiping-Zibo sag in the Luxi uplift area (Grade II) from Taishan to Yishan.
The history of geological development in China is basically consistent with that in the central and western Shandong, and it has gone through the geosyncline stage before Proterozoic, the platform stage of Paleozoic, the activation stage of Mesozoic and the neotectonic movement stage of Cenozoic.
topography
Huantai County is high in the south and low in the north, which inclines from southwest to northeast and is slightly microwave-like.
There are gentle hills in the south, plains in the middle and lakes and depressions in the north.
Slow hillock accounts for 5.4% of the total area of Huantai County, with plains accounting for 50.4% and depressions accounting for 44.2%.
The terrain south of Dazhaigou is on the high side, with east-west zonal distribution. The highest elevation south of Sanlong Village is 29.5 meters, and the ground slope is about 1/800.
From the north of Dazhaigou to the south of the south main canal, the terrain is flat, with an altitude of1810m and a ground slope of about11500.
From the north of the south main canal to the south bank of Xiaoqing River, the terrain is low, with Mata Lake as the lowest, with an altitude of 5.7 meters to 6.8 meters, and the ground slope is between 1/2500 and 1/3500.
climate
Huantai County is located in a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, with an annual average temperature of 12.5℃ and precipitation of 587 mm.
hydrology
There are large and small rivers 1 1, of which the upper reaches are located in Luzhong mountain area, mostly in the north-south direction, with five rivers in the east, Zhu Long in the east and Fu Xiao in the west; The east-west rivers are the waterlogged Hezi River in the south, the Xiaoqing River and the Reserve River in the north.
Wuhe River originates from the southern hilly area of Dawu Township, Linzi District, Zibo City, flows through Lushan Township in this area, enters Huantai County in the west of Liu Tian Village, then enters Yubei River in the north of Xiazhuang Village, and passes through hou zhuang, Suozhen, Gengqiao and Qifeng Township (town) in Huantai County to Boxing County.
Zhulong River is a natural river that runs through Zhangdian City. It originates from Quanhetou, Fengshui Town, passes through Nanding, Zhangdian City and Development Zone, and finally flows into Xiaoqing River from Mata Lake in Huantai.
Fu Xiao originated in the middle and low mountainous areas of Wang Yushan, Qingshiguan and Yueyang Mountain in Boshan District, flowing through Boshan, Zichuan, Zhangdian and Zhoucun, and entering Xiaoqing River through Zouping and Huantai, with a total length of 1 17 km and a drainage area of1908km2.
Laozi River originates from the northern foot of Dabei Mountain in Zichuan District, flows through Bianhe Township in Linzi District, Fengshui Town in Zhangdian District and Guoli Township in Huantai County, and joins the five rivers in the south of the town.
Xiaoqing River is located at the northern foot of Taiyi Mountain, south of the Yellow River, and flows from north to east. It flows into the Bohai Sea in Yangjiaogou, Shouguang City and Shouguang County of the five cities of Economic South, Zifu, Binzhou, Dongying and Weifang.
Preparation River is a tributary of Xiaoqing River.
From Huagou Village in the northeast of Huantai County in the west, there are tributaries such as Naxiangyanggou, Xingfu River, Fenhong River, Yugouzi, Gengguogou, Zhanhuigou and Guangbo River.
natural resource
mineral resources
China iron mine is an endogenetic deposit, which is a contact metasomatic skarn magnetite with copper, cobalt and sulfur as associated minerals.
It is mainly distributed in Houzhuang to Sanlong, Houzhuang Township, with a total reserve of16.5 million tons, of which the south of Houzhuang is the largest, with a reserve of16.05 million tons.
Ore content: iron content is 38-50%, the highest is 58.5%, and the grade above 50% accounts for 99.28%; Copper content is 0. 135 to1.71%; The cobalt content is 0.141%; The sulfur content is 0. 14 ~ 0.57%.
Oil is distributed in Maqiao, Jingjia, Tianzhuang and Chen Zhuang.
Jinjia Oilfield covers an area of 22 square kilometers and the underground oil level is about 5000 to1.300m.. Good oil quality, high development value, crude oil reserves of about 20 million tons.
At the end of 1970s, 8 oil production wells were tested.
There are also coal mines and clay mines in the south of the county, which are hidden in the middle and lower parts of Carboniferous and Permian strata and covered by Quaternary sediments. It belongs to fully concealed coalfield and has certain mining value.
plant resources
According to their economic value and uses, they can be divided into 7 categories, with nearly 300 species.
Starch sugar factory
There are many wild starch and sugar plants in Huantai County, the most important of which are Acorus calamus, Chinese yam, Sophora japonica, reed, water chestnut and lotus seed. They are distributed in Goutouyaling and Lake District of Huantai County.
They contain a lot of laxatives and sugars, and can be used as industrial raw materials such as wine making, sugar making, rubber making and pharmacy.
Oily plants
It is widely distributed in Huantai County, and the important ones are Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pterocarya stenoptera, Cuscuta chinensis, Xanthium sibiricum, Plantago, Yellow Mustard, Paeonia lactiflora, Tribulus terrestris, Leymus chinensis, Cannabis, Schizonepeta tenuifolia and so on. Their seeds have high oil content and are widely used.
textile plants
There are many wild fiber plants in Huantai County, among which Apocynum venetum and wild plants can be used for textile. They are widely distributed and numerous, with high hemp yield, slender fibers (equivalent to 80 fine wool), strong tensile force (about 3 to 8 times that of cotton fibers), white and soft fibers, and can be used as raw materials for textiles and high-grade paper.
Aromatic oil plants
Huantai county is widely distributed in China, with large output and many volatile oils, which can be used as raw materials for food and cosmetics industries.
Tannin plant
In Huantai County, there are mainly wired chrysanthemum, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, jujube and Gleditsia sinensis, which are important raw materials for rubber paper, mainly used for tanning grass, dyeing fishing nets, softening metal salts in steam engines and industrial boiler water.
Plant medicinal materials
There are 26/kloc-0 species of Chinese herbal medicines in Huantai county, which are mainly distributed in Mata Lake, the central and northern plains and depressions, and less in the southern slow-hillock areas.
The main varieties are Radix Saposhnikoviae, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Flos Lonicerae, Rhizoma Acori Graminei, Juncus, Rhizoma Cyperi, Taraxacum, Amaranthus, Semen Plantaginis, Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Rhizoma Typhonii, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Semen Cuscutae, Pumpkin Seed, Bulbus Allii Macrostemon, Luffa, Flos Chrysanthemi, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Flos Sophorae Immaturus, Semen Cassiae, Caulis et Folium Gaultheriae Yunnanensis, Bulbus Allii, Semen Castaneae, Luffa,
Aquatic vascular plants
There are 47 species in the lake area, belonging to 2 phyla, 20 families and 30 genera. The main dominant species are reed, lotus root, Sophora japonica, duckweed, Sophora alopecuroides, black algae, POTAMOGETON POTAMOGETON and POTAMOGETON crispus. The former is mostly distributed in northern waters, while the latter grows in ditches and rivers in southern waters.
Animal resources
There are mainly mammals, birds, insects and reptiles in Huantai County.
wild beast
There are rabbits, beavers, weasels, ground monkeys, foxes, hedgehogs and other common mammals.
bird
There are 13 orders, 32 families, and 148 species, including 73 species of migratory birds, 39 species of summer migratory birds, 0/8 species of winter migratory birds and 0/8 species of resident birds.
[8]
Animal medicine
Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, chicken coop skin, dog whip, silkworm clothing, cicada slough, beehive, cordate telosma, silkworm excrement, ginger silkworm, placenta Hominis, Bao Yue sand, snake slough, cricket, oyster, tabanus, earthworm, turtle, eel, etc.
mollusc
There are snails (snails, lake snails, snail ears, snails, snails, flat snails and so on. ) and mussels (mussels, mussels, freshwater mussels, etc. ).
economic development
summary
In 20 12, Huantai county achieved a regional GDP of 4172.4 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year at comparable prices.
Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 1.76 billion yuan, an increase of 4.7%; The added value of the secondary industry was 270 1 1 100 million yuan, an increase of 65.438+00.9%; The added value of the tertiary industry was12.953 billion yuan, up by 8. 1%, contributing 2.0%, 74.5% and 23.5% to the GDP respectively, driving the GDP growth by 0.2, 7.3 and 2.3 percentage points.
The proportion of the three industries was adjusted from 4.2:65.9:29.9 in the previous year to 4.2: 64.7: 3 1. 1.
The per capita GDP was 83,666 yuan, an increase of 4 197 yuan over the previous year, which was converted into13,254 US dollars at the annual average exchange rate.
primary industry
In 2007, the subsidy of15.86 million yuan was paid to households in full and on time.
The average yield of wheat and corn reached 518kg and 620kg respectively, the standardized production base of pollution-free vegetables reached 80,000 mu, and standardized animal husbandry communities were built and rebuilt 10.
In cooperation with China Agricultural University, the "North China Intensive Agricultural Ecosystem Experimental Station" and the "Huantai County Agricultural Pest Early Warning and Control Regional Station" started construction in an all-round way.
The national 863 plan "Research and integration of modern water-saving agriculture comprehensive technology in semi-humid areas of Shandong" is progressing smoothly.
In 20 12, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 30180,000 yuan, which was 4.7% higher than 20 1 1 at comparable prices.
Among them, the total agricultural output value was 65.438+72.5 million yuan, an increase of 4.2%; The total output value of forestry was 4,265.438 billion yuan, an increase of 8.4%; The total output value of animal husbandry was 7.065438 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; The total fishery output value was 48 million yuan, an increase of 6.6%; The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services was 654.38+0.23 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9%.
In 20 12, the afforestation area is 467 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 27. 1%, which is 1 percentage point higher than that in 201year.
Secondary industry
In 2007, Huantai County completed the investment in industrial productive fixed assets of 7.8 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7%.
There are 10/6 projects with an investment of more than 0/00000 yuan, including 40 projects with an investment of more than 100 million yuan.
A number of large-scale, high-efficiency and high-tech projects have been put into production one after another, effectively enhancing the comprehensive strength of the county economy.
Adipic acid, epichlorohydrin, PTFE, vermicular graphite cast iron and other 1 1 products form the largest production capacity in the same industry in China.
Enterprises above designated size achieved sales revenue of 55.4 billion yuan, profits and taxes of 5.4 billion yuan and profits of 3.3 billion yuan, up by 40.2%, 40.7% and 4 1% respectively.
There are 60 "100 million yuan enterprises", among which Jincheng achieved sales revenue of 1 654,380 billion yuan, becoming the first "10 billion yuan enterprise" in the county.
The supporting role of science and technology has been significantly enhanced.
Dongyue ionic membrane engineering research and Juming corn harvesting technology and equipment project were included in the national "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" major scientific and technological support plan; Dongyue sulfonic acid resin and ionic membrane industrialization, Taibao virus inactivation filter project included in the national high-tech industrialization project.
There are 17 engineering technology research centers above the municipal level, including 14 at the provincial level.
Six scientific and technological achievements fill the domestic gap.
There are 2 new state-level high-tech enterprises and 5 provincial-level high-tech enterprises. Huantai County has 4/kloc-0 high-tech enterprises above the provincial level, accounting for 38.44% of the total industrial output value above designated size, which is 3 percentage points higher than the end of 2006.
Five famous trademarks in Shandong Province and four famous trademarks in Shandong Province were added.
In 2007, the output value of Jian 'an in Huantai County reached 654.38+03.8 billion yuan, an increase of 25.4%.
The output value of 36 enterprises in Jian 'an exceeded 100 million yuan, including 2 enterprises exceeding 2 billion yuan, 2 enterprises exceeding 65.438+0.5 billion yuan and 2 enterprises exceeding 65.438+0.5 billion yuan.
New achievements have been made in quality and safety, and two national excellent engineering awards have been won, creating "Taishan Cup" 10.
Actively develop diversified businesses such as industry, real estate, building materials and commerce, and realize diversified operations, with an output value of 3.42 billion yuan, an increase of 22.2%.
In 2009, the output value of high-tech industries in Huantai County was 41300 million yuan, an increase of 14.7%. The output value of high-tech industries accounts for 46.4%.
According to the new standards, 5 high-tech enterprises, 32 engineering technology centers and enterprise technology centers have been re-identified, including national 1 home and provincial 15; Approved the establishment of seven academician workstations, ranking first at the county level in Shandong Province.
20 1 1 year, there are 19 enterprises above designated size in the papermaking, packaging and printing industries in Huantai County, including 5 papermaking enterprises and 4 printing enterprises, with an annual papermaking capacity of10.8 million tons and an annual paper handling capacity of 2 million reams.
The main products are high-grade white cardboard, cultural paper, newsprint, cardboard, corrugated paper and book printing, anti-counterfeiting printing, newspaper printing and so on.
In 2008, the sales revenue reached 6.85 billion yuan, accounting for 9.9% of enterprises above designated size in Huantai County, with12,948 employees.
In 20 12, the total industrial output value of 334 industrial enterprises above designated size in Huantai County was1543.1600 million yuan, an increase of1.1%over the previous year; The main business income was 65.438+050.094 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0%; The profits and taxes were 8.048 billion yuan and 5.525 billion yuan respectively.
20 new enterprises with investment of 1 100 million yuan, total 105.
service industry
In 2007, the balance of deposits and loans in Huantai County reached11400 million yuan and1400 million yuan respectively, an increase of 840 million yuan and 3.3 billion yuan respectively over the beginning of the year.
In 2007, Huantai County earned $320 million in foreign exchange through direct export, an increase of 6.7%.
Foreign exchanges and cooperation were further expanded, and the leather projects of Baoen and Dexin in Vietnam were put into production and started respectively.
800 overseas workers.
Huantai County actually received 2.6 billion yuan of funds from outside the county.
Among them, overseas funds amounted to 901.96 million USD, up by 102.9% year-on-year.
At the end of 20 12, the balance of RMB deposits in financial institutions in Huantai county reached 28.893 billion yuan, an increase of 4.743 billion yuan over the previous year, of which the balance of residents' savings deposits reached13.969 billion yuan, an increase of 2.243 billion yuan over the previous year; The balance of RMB loans from financial institutions was 29.303 billion yuan, an increase of 5.527 billion yuan over the previous year.
Shanghai Pudong Development Bank settled in, and Huanbao Paint Industry was listed and traded in Qilu Equity Center.
It was rated as a provincial financial ecological demonstration county.
Social undertakings
Education business
In 2007, more than 50,000 students in compulsory education were all exempted from miscellaneous fees; Undergraduate students 1923, 9 of whom were admitted to Peking University Tsinghua.
In 20 12 years, there were 4 1 primary schools with 25798 students in Huantai county. Junior high school 2 1 school, with 23785 students; 3 ordinary high schools, 12765 students; Vocational school 1 school with 3740 students; Special education center 1 student, 8 1 person; Kindergartens at all levels 103, children aged 3-6 124 13.
8.68 million yuan of subsidies and grants were distributed throughout the year.
The main body of the first phase of Chengnan Primary School, which invested 53 million yuan, was completed, and primary schools enrolled students.
55,200 square meters of school buildings were built and reinforced, and 20 flushing toilets in rural primary and secondary schools were renovated.
29 kindergartens were newly built or rebuilt, and 4 kindergartens in the town center passed the provincial acceptance.
The teaching staff has been strengthened. During the year, * * * recruited 135 teachers from primary and secondary schools and kindergartens.
[9]
The middle schools in Huantai County mainly include: Huantai No.1 Middle School in Shandong Province, Huantai No.2 Middle School in Shandong Province and Yuyang Middle School in Huantai County.
health protection
In 2007, the county hospital cooperated with Qilu Hospital of Shandong University to establish Huantai Branch of Qilu Hospital; The participation rate of the new rural cooperative medical system reached 98.8%; Invested 2.8 million yuan to rebuild and build 50 village clinics; With the implementation of the training program for health technicians, the county finance has invested 1 10,000 yuan for the education and training of rural medical personnel for five consecutive years since this year.
[13] invested 56 million yuan to improve the county cultural and sports center and cultural and sports park.
In 20 12, there were 23 health institutions in Huantai county with 2755 beds and a total population of 2292, including health technicians 1989, accounting for 86.8% of the total.
There are 308 registered village clinics with village doctors 1 173 people.
The pilot reform of county-level public hospitals nationwide was launched, taking the lead in promoting the service model of "treatment first and then payment" in the whole city, and all township, village and community medical and health institutions implemented zero-difference sales of drugs.
The reimbursement rate of hospitalization expenses in town health centers has increased to 80%.
The county hospital was identified as the key contact hospital of the Ministry of Health.
The subsidy standard of the new rural cooperative medical system was raised from 200 yuan to 240 yuan per person per year, and the participation rate reached 99.88%.
It has passed the acceptance of provincial health emergency demonstration counties, chronic disease comprehensive prevention demonstration counties and catering service food safety demonstration counties.
cultural undertakings
In 2007, the rural film screening "2 13 1" project was implemented, and five new cultural complexes were standardized, which successfully passed the re-evaluation of advanced social and cultural counties in Shandong Province.
The Continuation of Huantai County Records was officially published.
20 12 years, 2 1 1 farmer's bookstores and rural digital libraries were upgraded.
The overall greening project and exhibition project of Wang Yuyang's former residence were completed; Zhong Qin Temple has been officially opened to the public, receiving 23,600 visitors.
Wang Yuyang Hometown Management Office was established.
Maqiao Cultural Square was rated as "Top Ten Cultural Square" at the provincial level.
Establish 38 book circulation stations and regularly carry out activities to send books to the countryside.
Complete the screening of 1980 rural public welfare films, and send 1 19 films to the countryside to enter the community.
Held the "Huantai County Sixth Children's Instrumental TV Competition", with more than 200 participants; Organized the Seventh Exhibition of Folk Troupe, in which nine folk art groups participated.
Six folk literary and art groups and 70 rural literary and art talents in Huantai County were awarded the titles of "Excellent Rural Cultural Groups in Shandong Province" and "Excellent Rural Cultural Talents in Shandong Province" respectively.
Sports cause
In 2007, fitness facilities were built in urban parks, residential quarters and 55 villages, and the first sports meeting in Huantai County was successfully held.
In 20 12, sports fitness equipment was distributed to 86 villages (residences), and activities such as Huantai County National Fitness Games, the first orienteering competition for primary and secondary school students and "mass sports lottery" were held in community national fitness exhibitions.
During the National Fitness Games, more than 20 fitness activities were held with 40,000 participants.
The construction of sports associations and sports instructors has been strengthened.
Five Qigong stations in Huantai County were rated as provincial excellent national fitness venues.
In preparation for the16th National Games, more than 900 athletes signed up for the competition and obtained the qualification.
Participated in 23 junior championships, won 193 gold medals, with a total score of 4 125.5 points, and won the gold medal in the city, ranking third in the total score.
social security
In 2007, Huantai County created 8,478 new jobs and placed 30 10 laid-off workers.
Comprehensively improve the urban and rural minimum living standards, the urban minimum living standard will be raised from 220 yuan to 246 yuan per person per month, and the rural minimum living standard will be raised from 700 yuan to 900 yuan per person per year.
For urban and rural residents, each household will receive heating subsidies from 200 yuan.
Start the pilot work of basic medical insurance for urban residents and new rural endowment insurance.
Reconstruction and construction of four nursing homes in the town.
Living allowance will be given to rural elderly people over 80 years old, low-rent housing allowance will be given to 90 households 160 urban residents, new houses will be rebuilt for 100 rural poor families and 60 poor disabled people, and 25 19 poor students and 85 poor college students will be helped.
County financial investment in improving people's livelihood reached 8,865,438+200,000 yuan, an increase of 25.8%.
traffic
Huantai County is 250km away from Qingdao International Airport and Qingdao Port in the east and 100km away from Jinan International Airport in the west.
Domestic highways, railways, national highways and provincial highways crisscross and extend in all directions, and there are railway stations, bus stations and other transportation places, so the location advantage is very obvious.