Welcome to visit Heilongjiang Province. The climate of Heilongjiang province is characterized by four distinct seasons. No matter which season you come, you will enjoy a unique tour. The vast snowy forest, vast virgin forest, thousands of miles of green wetlands and grasslands, mysterious rivers and colorful "Wuhua Mountain" in autumn will make you appreciate the nature, roughness, simplicity and beauty of the scenery in Heilongjiang Province, and feel the lofty realm of returning to nature and blending into nature.
Heilongjiang province, named after Heilongjiang, the largest reasonable flow in China, is referred to as "black" for short. It covers an area of more than 460,000 square kilometers, accounting for 4. 8%, ranking sixth among all provinces. The population is 37 million, accounting for 3.22% of the national population.
Heilongjiang province has a vast territory, fertile land, beautiful mountains and rivers, rich resources and developed economy. Since the founding of New China 50 years ago, Heilongjiang has experienced a tortuous historical process of development and revitalization. Today, Heilongjiang Province has become a national commodity grain base, machinery industry base, petrochemical and coal industry base and wood production base in northern Xinjiang.
(Unique regional advantages)
Heilongjiang Province, located in the northeast border, is the province with the northernmost position, the highest latitude and the earliest sunrise in China. The northernmost is in Mohe, with latitude above 53. It is the closest place in China to the Arctic Circle (66 31'). During the summer solstice and winter solstice of the lunar calendar, you can see the extreme day and night phenomenon of the Arctic Circle here, so it is called "the North Pole of China". The eastern end is located in Wusu Town at the intersection of Dongwusuli River and Heilongjiang in Fuyuan County. It is called "the first town in the East" and the earliest place where the sun rises in China, so it is called "the pole of the East" in China. East and Russia across the Heilongjiang River and Wusuli River. The west is adjacent to Inner Mongolia. The south borders Jilin Province. The entire land, water and Russian border is 3045 kilometers long, which has the unique advantages of border trade and border tourism.
(Colorful Mountain Wetland)
Heilongjiang province has a high terrain in the north and a low terrain in the east, and the terrain is complex and diverse.
Daxinganling is located in Daxinganling region and Daxinganling region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with an area of 86,000 square kilometers and an average elevation of 1.000m- 1.400m, which is mainly composed of volcanic rocks. Due to ancient glaciation and modern water erosion, the mountain is round, steep in the east and slow in the west. The eastern slope is bordered by terraced foothills, and the western slope is high and undisturbed, all covered by forests, so it is called the "Green Great Wall".
Xiaoxing 'anling is adjacent to Daxing 'anling, Sanjiang Plain in the southeast and Heilongjiang in the northeast, with an area of 77,000 square kilometers and an average elevation of 600- 1000 meters. The mountain is gentle, hilly and platform-like, rich in Korean pine, known as the hometown of Korean pine.
The southern mountainous areas include Zhangguangcailing, Laoyeling and Wandashan, with an area of over 70,000 square kilometers and an average elevation of 600- 1000 meters. The basalt lava platform has been cut by running water for a long time, and its journey is very smooth. There are many local intermountain basins in granite area, which contain deep coal seams and modern alluvium.
Songnen Plain is located in the west of Heilongjiang Province. It is formed by the erosion and alluvial of Songhua River and Nenjiang River. Area 1.3 million square kilometers. The terrain is flat, with an average elevation of 150m-200m. There are large areas of cultivated land, swamps, lakes and sandy land, which are the main agricultural and pastoral areas and wetland tourist areas in Heilongjiang Province.
Sanjiang Plain is located in the east of Heilongjiang Province. It is alluvial from Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River, covering an area of 75,000 square kilometers. Now it has been cultivated on a large scale, and more than 50 mechanized large state-owned farms have been built. It has become one of the main commodity grain bases in Heilongjiang Province and an agricultural tourism and wetland tourism belt.
(crisscross rivers and lakes)
There are many rivers and lakes in Heilongjiang province. There are 19 18 rivers with a basin area of over 50 square kilometers.
The main water systems are Heilongjiang, Songhua River, Wusuli River and Suifenhe River, as well as Wuyuer River and Shuangyang Kawachibe River.
The main rivers are: Heilongjiang, the third largest river in China and the eighth longest in the world. It has two sources, the south source in Mongolia, which flows through China, Mongolia and Russia and flows smoothly in Heilongjiang Province 1.890 km. Songhua River, which originates from Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, has a total area of 1 0,900 kilometers, and flows smoothly in Heilongjiang Province for 83 1 km. Mudanjiang, which originated in Mudanling of Changbai Mountain, is 725 kilometers long and 382 kilometers long in Heilongjiang Province. There are two sources in the upper reaches of Wusuli River. The east source is from Sichet Ridge in Russia, and the west source is from Xingkai Lake, with a total length of 950 kilometers. Suifenhe River originated near Laoyeling, Jilin Province, with a total length of 258 kilometers, and 75% of its upstream is in Heilongjiang Province. In addition, there are Nenjiang River, Huma River, Lalin River, Wuyuer River, Hulan River and Naoli River.
The main lakes in Heilongjiang Province are Xingkai Lake, Jingbo Lake and Wudalianchi. Xingkai Lake, located on the Sino-Russian border in the east of Heilongjiang Province, covers an area of 4,380 square kilometers and belongs to China about 1.068 square kilometers. There is also a small Xingkai Lake in the north of Xingkai Lake, with an area of 145 square kilometers, which produces white fish. Jingbo Lake is the largest mountain dammed lake in China, with an area of 375 square kilometers and an average water depth of 45 meters. Rich in "lake crucian carp". Wudalianchi, a famous geothermal acid mineral spring in China, is a volcanic dammed lake formed by volcanic eruption more than 200 years ago, and is called "Natural Volcano Park".
(climate with four distinct seasons)
Heilongjiang province belongs to the mid-temperate continental monsoon climate. The climate is characterized by the long east and short west, with four distinct seasons. The plane is cool and pleasant, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. Spring and autumn are short. The annual average temperature ranges from -5℃ to 4℃ from north to east, and the average temperature is lower than 0℃ for five months throughout the year. In the coldest month of 65438+ 10, the average temperature gradually increased from -30.9℃ to-14.7℃ from north to southeast, and the lowest temperature in Mohe County was -52.3℃. The hottest month is July, and the average temperature gradually rises from 16℃ to 23℃ from north to east. The above climatic characteristics make Heilongjiang Province suitable for both summer tourism and winter ice and snow tourism.
(Abundant natural resources)
The ecological conditions in Heilongjiang province are complex, and the plant species and vegetation types are diverse. There are about 183 families and more than 2200 kinds of higher plants in the province. Forest is the main vegetation type, accounting for 42.9% of the province's area, of which virgin forest accounts for two thirds, and the timber volume ranks first in China, making it one of the main timber bases in China. There are more than 0/000 kinds of edible and medicinal plants, among which 6 kinds of precious medicinal materials, such as Gentiana, Ginseng, Acanthopanax Senticosus and Astragalus membranaceus, are listed as national protected resources, with the output and quality ranking first in China. Mineral resources 107 species, mainly coal, oil and gold. Songnen Plain is rich in oil and coal resources. Gold reserves are also very rich, and the proven reserves currently rank second in the country. In addition, there are a large number of minerals such as molybdenum, lead, zinc, copper, graphite and refractory clay. Among the animal resources, there are 498 species of terrestrial vertebrates and 374 species of birds. Among these animals, there are not only the famous Siberian tiger and red-crowned crane, but also the world-famous deer-red deer, as well as lynx and sable. These rare animals belong to the national key protected species. Heilongjiang province has a long history and is also one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. There have been human activities since ancient times, and many remains of Neolithic and Paleolithic cultures have been discovered. The records of Heilongjiang area in China ancient literature can be traced back to the legendary period of Yu Shun and Yu Xia. On the anniversary of the Western Ocean, people living here became Su Shen, and they began to pay tribute to the Central Plains Dynasty. During the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, Fan Zhen County was established with Ning 'an as the center in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province. In the Tang dynasty, the jurisdiction was generally set up in the Aini River Basin of Heilongjiang Province. Su Shen was called Lou in Han Dynasty, Buji in Northern Wei Dynasty, a monk in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Nuzhen in Liao and Jin Dynasties, and Manchu in Qing Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, officials from all dynasties in the Central Plains have worked in Heilongjiang.
/kloc-in the middle of the 0/7th century, Russia invaded the Heilongjiang River Basin. /kloc-from the middle of the 9th century to the beginning of the 20th century, tsarist Russia forced the Qing government to sign the unequal Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty and the Beijing Treaty by force, and ceded more than 0/00 square kilometers of China territory north of Heilongjiang and east of Wusuli River. In 1930s and 1940s, Heilongjiang Province was invaded by Japanese imperialism 14 years. /kloc-since the 0/7th century, the people of Heilongjiang have left many anti-Japanese war sites, such as Mohe ancient city (where the front-line headquarters of the Qing army in the jaxa campaign is located), Yilan Jingbianying fortress, Tailaijiang Bridge, etc., and many anti-Japanese Coalition sites.
Heilongjiang province was liberated from 1946, which is the earliest province in Northeast China.
In the early days of the founding of New China, Heilongjiang Province and Songjiang Province were established here. 1954, the two provinces merged into Heilongjiang province, with Harbin as its capital. At present, Heilongjiang Province has 13 cities (administrative offices) and 67 counties (cities).
(Strong ethnic customs)
Heilongjiang province is a multi-ethnic province. In addition to the Han nationality, there are 47 ethnic minorities with a population of nearly 2 million. There are Manchu, Korean, Hui, Mongolian, Daur, Xibe, Oroqen, Hezhe, Ewenki, Kirgiz and other 10 ethnic minorities with a large population.
The ethnic minorities in Heilongjiang Province are a structure with large dispersion and small settlements. There are ethnic minorities in all cities and counties in the province, and most of them live in small rural areas. Now there are/kloc-0 ethnic autonomous counties, 32 ethnic townships and 608 ethnic villages in the province.
Due to the long-term coexistence with the Han nationality, the production methods and living habits of ethnic minorities are close to those of the Han nationality, but there are still some differences in diet, residence, clothing, holiday marriage, entertainment, taboos, religious beliefs, national customs and so on. In recent years, ethnic minorities such as Oroqen, Hezhe and Mongolian have built unique tourist attractions based on local tourism resources and folk customs, such as Ning 'an Bohai Rural Customs Garden, Jiejinkou Hezhe Customs Garden and Daqing Ethnic Racecourse, which are well received by tourists.
(Unique eco-tourism)
The tourism resources in Heilongjiang Province are rich and unique, which are different from the natural scenery in the south and the historical and cultural sites in the Central Plains. What is displayed in front of you is a natural, simple, rough and magical landscape.
In winter, the vast forests, snowfields and glacier trees are hung high and spectacular, forming an attractive ice and snow landscape. Harbin is known as the "Ice City", and 1963 took the lead in holding an ice lantern garden party in China. The Ice Lantern Festival brought together countless ice and snow art purifications, making Harbin the cradle of ice and snow art, and the ice sculpture snow sculpture reached the world-class level. 1985, Harbin established the Ice and Snow Festival, which lasted 1 month, expanding the time and space of ice and snow tourism and making the content more colorful. Visitors can not only watch ice lanterns, attend ice and snow cultural parties or participate in economic and trade negotiations, but also take ice sails and sledges, watch amazing winter swimming performances, watch ice skating competitions, ice weddings and other ice activities. In the Millennium Celebration in 2000, Harbin built the "Ice and Snow World" with grand ideas and large-scale production, which further enhanced the scale and grade of ice and snow tourism. When you walk into it, towering ice buildings, large snow sculpture with different shapes, mysterious glaciers and snow, colorful ice and snow entertainment projects and thrilling skiing projects will make you feel the magic and charm of Fiona Fang's ice and snow world. Therefore, the world of ice and snow has the reputation of "Ice Disney".
Heilongjiang has abundant snow, long snow period, good snow quality and moderate slope, which is very suitable for skiing tourism. With this advantage, Heilongjiang Province took the lead in holding the China Heilongjiang Love You and International Ski Festival. Holding a ski festival has opened up the ski tourism market, making Heilongjiang love you ski tourism in the forefront of the country. At present, there are dozens of high, medium and low-grade ski resorts in Heilongjiang, and Yabuli, Dragon Ball Erlongshan and other ski resorts have become national hotspots. It's very interesting when you come down from the mountain, blend in with nature and return to nature with skis.
China's "First Snow Town" scenic spot with two peaks in Mudanjiang Hailin is another scene. Every winter, the unique climatic conditions here make the snowfall in Shuangjing Scenic Area particularly high, and the snow depth can reach 2 meters. Snowhouses of different shapes are scattered, and the snow trails in front of and behind the houses are as deep as 1 m, which constitutes the unique natural ecological landscape of Xuexiang. The red lanterns hung high in front of the door and the blessings pasted on the door add a strong China folk custom and nostalgia for snow. In order to improve the popularity of this scenic spot, Hailin started to hold the "Shuangfeng Snow Town Tourism Festival" from 199, making it a new hot spot of ice and snow tourism.
In summer, the temperature in Heilongjiang Province is cool and pleasant, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, so it is an ideal place for summer tourism. Harbin, as the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang Province, is a place you must go and a transportation hub. In Harbin, a romantic city with Eurasian style, you can stroll in the central street and romantic city with European style. You can stroll along the European-style central street, or watch the majestic charm of the famous Sofia church, or go to the famous Sun Island to enjoy the charming pastoral scenery. In midsummer August, it is undoubtedly a blessing to attend the prestigious Harbin Summer Concert in Harbin. In the concert hall, you can enjoy high-grade symphonies. Walking into the streets and yards, you will enjoy the colorful performances of the family. Walking in the streets at night, melodious music played by violin or piano will not reach your ears from balconies and windows, but will make you feel the rich musical atmosphere of Harbin, a city of music. Heilongjiang Province has the largest forest area in China, with an area of over 6,543,800 square kilometers. The forest in Heilongjiang province is different from the tropical rain forest in the south, and has the broad, majestic and charming personality of the cold temperate forest in the north. Tall and straight primitive Korean pine forests, slender birch forests, exotic alpine climbing pines, and 100 multi-layered vegetation with needles, broads, trees, shrubs and grasses are very spectacular. Among them, the Korean pine mother forest in Yichun LAM Raymond Nature Reserve was listed as a member of the World Biosphere Network by UNESCO. There are more than 50 national and provincial forest parks in Heilongjiang Province, which is one of the provinces with the largest number of forest parks and the best forest eco-tourism resources in China. The pure air and good forest vegetation make Heilongjiang Province the first choice for forest summer tourism in China. Visitors can take a healthy trip to Xiaoxing 'anling in Yichun, rest and exercise in the natural forest oxygen bar, or hike, ride horses and ride bicycles in the forest. Exploring in the virgin forest and drifting in the big forest river will make you feel scared.
Heilongjiang Province has the largest wetland tourism resources in China, including Wuyuer River, Sanjiang Plain and Songgacha River swamp wetland. Located in Wuyuer River Basin, Zhalong Nature Reserve in Qiqihar covers an area of 265,438+0,000 hectares, which is one of the most famous wetlands in China with 296 species of birds. It is known as "the paradise of birds" and "the hometown of red-crowned cranes". When you are in an endless wetland, watching flocks of red-crowned cranes and geese fly far away, you feel the beauty of primitive ecology. Being in it is like walking into ancient times and experiencing the care of nature without environmental pollution.
Heilongjiang is the longest border river in the world, located between China and Russia, with an area of 65,438+0,890 square kilometers. For thousands of years, there has been no large-scale development, so the vegetation on both sides of the river is intact and the river is pure, which is one of the few pollution-free rivers in the world. Because of the 400-year complex history of China and Russia, it has become a mysterious boundary river. Water conservancy experts who think they have traveled to many famous rivers in the world say this: Heilongjiang is like a girl who thinks she has no heavy makeup, giving people a simple and natural primitive beauty.
Indeed, I wish Heilongjiang, like an artist's freehand brushwork, magnificent and natural; Swimming on the river is like a mountain girl without makeup, with delicate facial features and simple nature. At present, six tourist routes have been opened in Heilongjiang, among which Mohe adventure tour in Hegang section of Three Gorges has become a hotline in You Jiang.
Xingjie Lake, the largest boundary lake in Asia, is known as the "Emerald of the North", with an area of 4,380 square kilometers and vast waters. People who have been to Xingkai Lake say that there are both the tranquility of the lake, the boldness of the sea and the lakeside bathing beach comparable to Hawaii. The lake is pure, the beach is flat and soft, only 200 meters into the lake, and the water depth is waist-deep. It is an ideal place for lake guests to spend their holidays.
Jingbo Lake is the largest mountain dammed lake in China and a famous national tourist attraction.
Wudalianchi is the largest volcanic landscape in China, located in the west of Heilongjiang Province. Volcanoes erupted hundreds of thousands of years ago and nearly two million years ago, and there are endless oceans such as volcanic lava, stone bears, Shi Niu, underground ice caves and underground forests. This makes the address here very complicated and numerous, so it is called "Volcano Museum". Carbonated mineral spring is related to volcanic activity and is one of the three cold springs in the world. So Wudalianchi is a resort for recuperation, vacation and study tour.
Autumn is the most colorful season in Heilongjiang Province, with bright red maple, golden larch and dense pine. The vast forest sea constitutes a colorful "Wuhuashan" landscape, just like a mountain made of flowers. It is unstoppable, connecting the clouds and swimming in it, just like swimming in the pictorial world, which is beautiful.
In addition, Heilongjiang Province has the largest number of border crossings, with one-day and multi-day tours to Russia, and hundreds of thousands of tourists enter and leave the country every year, making it one of the hot spots for China to travel to Russia.
Relying on the advantages of tourism resources, Heilongjiang Province has established eco-tourism products with ice and snow, forests, wetlands, grasslands, border rivers, lakes, volcanic landforms and modern agriculture as the mainstay, supplemented by urban scenery, ethnic customs and border tours. It has become an "O" tourism circle with Harbin as the center and radiating Mudanjiang, Jixi, Yichun, Heihe, Mohe, Jiamusi and Qiqihar in the west. More than 50 tourist routes have been launched, including ice and snow amusement, skiing, forest and lake summer vacation, hunting, steam watching, horseback riding, fishing, bird watching, drifting sightseeing, border tour and folk custom tour.
In recent years, the tourist reception capacity and supporting facilities in Heilongjiang Province have been continuously improved and have begun to take shape. At present, the transportation in Heilongjiang Province has formed a complete network. Harbin, Qiqihar, Mudanjiang, Heihe and other cities have opened more than 60 international and domestic routes; There are more than a dozen pairs of tourist trains and highways extending in all directions. Reception facilities are improving. There are more than 100 star-rated hotels and more than 200 travel agencies, which can completely guarantee the reception service of tourists and make them have a good time, stay comfortably and travel easily.
Dear friends, Heilongjiang Province is endowed with unique tourism resources and rich and colorful tourism projects. Only by visiting its territory can we experience any of them.