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Reading Random Poems (Part Two) 674
Liang Shanzhou, (1723—1825), whose name is Ying, is also the son of Liang. Qiantang, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou) people. Shen Nian (1752), a native of Ganlong, was a scholar of Cohen. Because of his bad temper and indifference to fame and fortune, he retired after his father died. Appreciate the bachelor's degree when celebrating Jiaqing. Famous calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. He is the author of the collection of the legacy of Boluo Temple.

Zhang Bi means hanging on the wall, which means painting and calligraphy works hanging on the wall.

The twenty-sixth year of Kangxi refers to 1687, the year of Ding Mao in the lunar calendar.

The title table, pronounced tí míng lù, was engraved with the names, ages and places of origin of China people in the same table in the imperial examination era. Some also include the examiner and the examiner's name before recording. Zhao Qingyi's "Yu Jinshi Examination Table": "Hanlin Yamen issued a Jinshi Table with an inscription. This is also an example that scholars in the Tang Dynasty recognized this subject. Yu's Flatfish False God: "Look up the title of this topic and you will know." . "

Marketing is selling things. City: transaction; Sell, sell. The suspicion here is that it is a mistake of "market buying".

The official list is a list published according to the prescribed quota in the imperial examination. Compared with the vice list.

Vice-list, in the old days, people who were not included in the official list but had excellent words due to quota restrictions should not take several names when publishing the list, and their names should be listed after the official list, which is called "vice-list". "Selected Records of the History of the Ming Dynasty" Volume 69: "At that time, we will try our best to set up a vice list, usually the department instructors, so those who go to prison will also eat their money." Also known as "auxiliary tribute" and "auxiliary vehicle".

The same exam refers to the same examiner. An official who cooperated with the examiners and the president in marking papers in the rural examinations and public examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because of the distribution of papers, it is also called the housing officer. In the Qing Dynasty, after passing the township examination, they were selected from the county officials born in Hakka in this province. After examinations, the ministries selected people who were born in Kejia and looked forward to writing, and the emperor simply sent them. For example, after Gan Jia, imperial academy was an editor and a scholar, but he lacked kyou-kan and Cao. , often "Zhenze Test": "There will be an exam, with Gong and Wang as the main examiners and the rest taking the same exam."

The chief examiner refers to the chief examiner of the imperial examination. Tang Li Bai's poem "Send Yang Shaofu to the Election" says: "The son of heaven has talent, and the master has the ball." Wang Qingyingkui's "Liu Nan Essays" Volume 2: "Kangxi Ding Maoke, the main part of Jiangnan is the northerner Ji Han."

The invigilator refers to the provincial invigilator in the imperial examination system. Episodes 4 and 3 of Adventures Witnessed in Twenty Years: "Examiners talk with invigilators to open the door, one sitting inside and the other sitting outside."

Diaodiao refers to the officials specially appointed for imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties, also known as Diaodiao officials. Ming system, Shuntian, Yingtian township test magistrate, township test, the chief secretary as an official, Beijing officials used it after the senior high school entrance examination. Everyone has a member. Responsible for all affairs outside the curtain of the test center, close the internal and external doors, follow up and spot check, seal up all matters such as paper feeding, material supply, seal up and credit record. In addition, a court examination was set up, and ministers or assistant ministers were used. In the Qing Dynasty, it closed after the provincial township examination in Shuntian, and closed at the beginning of the provincial township examination. During the Yongzheng period (1723- 1735), Taoist priests were employed. I'll try to fill it with rites. Responsible for the overall arrangement of various affairs inside and outside the examination room. In the rural examination, it is divided into internal adjustment and external adjustment, which manage marking and examination respectively.

Yu Hanfen, Janice. In the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi, Zhejiang Province wanted to remove Yuan. Other unknown. (Lack of information)

Chasheng Mountain, namely Cha Sheng, (1650—1707), whose real name is Zhongwei, was originally Chinese in Haining, Zhejiang. Calligrapher of Qing Dynasty. In the 27th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1688), Jishi Shu, an academician, was selected as editor. When Emperor Kangxi chose Confucian scholars as advisers, he was recommended to study in Zhinan for many years, at least to move to Zhan. He is the author of Lian Tang Yuan Ji. At that time, people called his calligraphy, Cha's poems and Zhu Ziheng's paintings "Haining's Three Musts".

The surname of the list refers to the surname of the examiner on the list in memory. No data validation was found. Hope to know and teach.

Qianlong Dingmao refers to twelve years of Qianlong. 1747.

Re-planning Luming Literature means "returning to Luming Literature". The Qing Dynasty is the 60th anniversary of the entrance examination for juren after the rural examination. After the reunion of the original title (in the same year as the cadres and the cadres), the people and the new title went to Luming Literature for a banquet, which was called "Back to Luming Literature". "Qing Dian Gui Yan" contains: "According to Tan, the competition in Shipingfu, Yunnan Province was a Chinese-style provincial examination during the Yongzheng period. He used to be the county magistrate of Sichuan, and now he is 92 years old. This year, he will hold another provincial examination in Qiyou. Please return to Yan. " Qing Ping is unclear about "Abandoned in the Xia, there is something in the poem, and it belongs to Luming Literature": "(Qiantang Zhou Tianxiang) went to Qianlong Dingmao and expected Luming Literature. When the bachelor went to the party, I also saw ... Yan Jiaqing, Ding Mao and Bachelor (Liang) are 84 years old, and I still hope. We all met with the junior monks in the department. "

Xiāng jiàn, pronounced Xi ā ng Ji an, refers to the recommendation made by counties in Tang and Song Dynasties, and comes from the book On Lang Wei and Zhong You in Chizhou. It means keeping people in the middle.

Goose lamb, pronounced gāo yàn, is also called "mutton". Interpretation: 1, mutton goose. In ancient times, it was used as a gift from the Qing Dynasty and doctors. "Zhou Li Chun Guan Big Bo": "Qing holds the lamb, and the doctor holds the goose." Zheng Xuan's Note: "Lamb, lamb, take it without losing its kind. Goose, take your time. " Han Bangu's "White Tiger Tongwen Zhi": "Doctor Qing was a deer in ancient times, but now he is a lamb goose." 2, used for recruitment, marriage, and a gift for an audience. "The History of the Later Han Dynasty Chen Jichuan": "The father and son share the same surname, and the time number is three kings. Every time the slaughterhouse calls, it is often ordered at the same time, and the lambs are in groups. " Jin Fuxuan's "Women's Travel in Yan Ge": "Chen Subo of the media, the lamb does not know the front hall." Qing Gong Zizhen's "People's Tales": "Only those who still have words are called lambs and geese, and A and B are also teachers when they are artistic."

Zhu Yan, pronounced ZH, means many talented people. Xie Lingyun's Eight Prefaces to Wang Wei's Poems in the Southern Song Dynasty: "The beauty of the world is pleasing to the eye, but it is difficult to combine the four. Today, Kundi is a friend, and it takes only two or three years. " Wang Song Anshi's "Yang Le Daoyun Houdian Chaoci": "I suddenly followed Zhu Yan to Longwei, and I still remember that I should be the first."

Lingguang Hall is a palace built in Lu Qufu by Liu Yu, the son of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty. It was one of the largest buildings in China at that time. Wang Yanshou, a writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote Preface to the Hall of Lu Lingguang: "The founder of the Hall of Lu Lingguang, the son of Ji Cheng, the emperor of Gaijing, was also created by Gong Yu ... But it was defeated by Wei and thief soldiers in Hanzhong, and it was destroyed since Xijing was not in the center, and its glory suddenly existed alone." Later, because of metaphor, there was only one person or one thing left. Zhao Qing wrote in a poem "Wu Men Xi meets Wang Shu 'an's four passes": "I know that Heaven is good for the health of the elderly, and I teach you to be a hall of light. "

An official, the voice is sh √ sh √, interpretation: 1. The ancients would be officials and ask for good or bad luck. Tang Bai Juyi's "Spring Poetry Sleeping in Hundred Rhymes": "Look closely at the official poems and wear them through Yang Jiang." Su Zhongxiang's note: "Being an official is the fate of fortune tellers." 2, also refers to the first official. Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio Dream Wolf: "Jia, the eldest son, spent three years in the south." He Yin's note: "The first official said to be an official."

Rank, sound, from grain, from loss, loss is also sound. Lost is an "anecdote" province. "Yi" means "the back car is in front" and is extended to "dynamic sequencing". "Wo" refers to "five grains" and is extended to "salary". "Harmony" and "Yi" provinces unite to represent "dynamic salary ranking". Original meaning: official salary determined according to merits and demerits. Extended meaning: the rank of officials evaluated according to their merits and demerits. Further extension: order. Note: The salary of ancient officials was not an iron rice bowl, but was determined according to the year-end assessment. The salary of the meritorious person increases, and the salary of the guilty person decreases or even cancels. It's like a motorcade of officials' cars. Some cars can surpass and improve their position in the team, while others will be pulled down and left behind, which produces the concept of dynamic sequencing. Rank, later with the meaning of order. In addition, when calculating the year, ten years is a grade. The cover of old books is also called "rank", and a set of books is a rank.

A vassal half refers to a magistrate. Use the sentence of "the county is real, and the princes are half" in Du Fu's poem "The boat is bitter and spicy".

The meanings of "being seen by Mao" and "looking down on" come from Song Fan Gong Zhuo's Record of Going to Court: "Cao Meng was ordered to inspect and look down on counties, and his orders were very strict." Evolved.

Things change, pronounced wü bià n, which means things change. From Huai Nan Zi Tai Xun: "What people know is shallow, and what things can achieve is infinite." One of Su Songzhe's eight poems about harmony with Xi 'an Yu Zijun and Yichang official office: "Empty makes people sit in chairs and change things."

Eighty-nine, the sound is bā jiǔ, which means: 1, and the composition of things or the probability of things happening is 890%. "Selected Works of Gan Jinbao": "The big one is extremely respectful, and the small one records it; The machine loss is often nine times out of ten. " 2, close to all, more than half, the meaning is similar. A Dream of Red Mansions: "Aunt Zhao is used to listening to these things and getting in touch with women in charge, so as to make a good beginning and end." 3. Seventy-two sages of Confucius. "Selected Works, Preface to Wang Rong's March 3 Qushui Poems": "Take three or five steps without chasing, and practice eight or nine miles away." Three Kingdoms Cao Weizhi's On Wade: "The farther you go to the plain, the more you follow the emperor's spirit."

Exposed electricity, pronounced lê dià n, interpretation: 1, morning dew is easy to dry, and lightning is fleeting. Metaphor quickly disappears or disappears. The Chinese book "King Kong Prajna Paramita Sutra": "Everything has a way, like a dream, like a bubble, like dew, like electricity, so look at it this way." The poem "Send the Road Cao": "That will show you a thousand points." Qing Ping couldn't figure out "Poem Back to Luming Literature": "Even if it was born in the same year, 1989 has been exposed." 2. Metaphor is short of life. Song Luyou's poem "Feeling Things": "If you realize that life and death depend on electricity, you should not be inferior to fishing firewood."

Solution, pronounced "é ji", means relaxing the quota.

Wild goose, pronounced d à y m: n. The word "wild goose" mainly comes from the Book of Changes, which mentions that "the number of wild geese is fifty, and nine out of forty are used." However, scholars have given many explanations for this sentence, and there is no unified conclusion so far. Xun Shuang, the book of the later Han Dynasty: six hexagrams, six eight four eight, plus the dual-purpose of Gankun, fifty per hexagram. (Dry) On the ninth day, you don't need to dive dragons, so you use forty-nine. Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty: The number of big swallows is fifty, which is obtained by multiplying five fields by ten fields in the river map. When used for divination, stop for forty-nine. They are all out of rational nature, and non-human knowledge cannot be gained or lost. No matter what the explanation is, "the number of big Yan is fifty" is certain, so here "big Yan" is used to refer to the admission of fifty people on the official list.

Manyan, pronounced as màn huàn, has a definition of 1, which is almost indistinguishable. Tang Hanyu's newly-built Wang Tengting: "Therefore, those who have broken beams and beams, those who have broken tiles, and those who are not fresh in red and white have been cured, and there is no abolition of predecessors and views." 2, still confused. Yuan Xie Fangying's "On Confusion": "When fleas were old, they were full of joy and ashamed to go far away when they saw you offering sacrifices to their loved ones and spitting vulgar words." Twenty touching poems of Qing Dynasty: "I haven't seen Zhu for seven years, and the past is like smoke and dust."

Selling, pronounced líng mài, refers to showing off goods for sale. Raccoon: sell, "sell soup in the market."

Yutan, pronounced as Y not u t á n, is the flower of Udubara. There are many translations in Buddhist scriptures, such as Yutanboro, Yutanboro, Yutanboro, Wutanboro, or Yutanboro, Yutanboro and Utan. "Infinite life, purity and equality": "Ananda in Buddhism. If there is an excellent tree in the world. But it is true, not flashy. There are buddhas in the world. This is a flower that speaks loudly. "Fahua Sentence" Volume 4: "A short-lived person, this brilliant statement comes once in three thousand years. "The Sound and Meaning of Huilin" Volume 8: "Udubara flower is an auspicious and spiritual feeling. It's smallpox, which is not found in the world. If the Buddha comes to the afterlife and the King of Golden Wheel appears in the world, he will feel that the appearance of this flower is very blessed. "In Buddhist scriptures, Udobara flowers are usually mentioned, which are mostly used to describe that it is extremely difficult to meet the birth of the Buddha, just as it is extremely difficult to meet Udobara flowers. Su Songzhe's poem "Ina" said: "If the Buddha is excellent, it is difficult to meet, and those who see it will hear about life and death. "Qing Gong Zizhen's" Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems "No.257:" It is difficult for the naked eye to know heaven and man, and I am afraid that you will show yourself. "In reality, the scientific name of Udubara tree is Ficus glomerata, belonging to Moraceae, which is more common in warm and humid places such as Himalayan foothills, Deccan Plateau and Sri Lanka. The tree is very tall and its leaves are like pears. The fruit is as big as a child's fist and as small as a thumb. More than a dozen are clustered on the trunk. You can eat it raw or cooked, but it tastes bad. Its flowers are hidden in the receptacle, so it is difficult for human eyes to see its flowers, so there are various speculations.

Fang generally refers to the unknown year of birth and death. He was born in Meizhou (now Qingshen, Sichuan) in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his word Yongjia (now Yongjia, Zhejiang) is the fourth son of Chen Xiliang. He lived in Longqiu, Huangzhou (now Sandian Street, Xinzhou District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province) and lived in seclusion in Huangzhou Qiting (now Qiting, Macheng City) in his later years. He became a layman in Longqiu, lived in a vegetable house and traveled between the mountains, unknown to the world. People stand tall with hats, like the ancient Fangshan Pass, so they are called "Fangshan Zi". In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1079), Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, visited Yao Chen in Qiting for many times, and made a biography for him before he knew his name. "Idle in Fang" in this poem refers to the original owner's surname Fang, which is a metaphor for living in seclusion in the mountains.

Tibetan secret, pronounced as the incarnation of z ā ng j incarnation, means to collect and hide. Biography of Chen Han Zun: "Your master is proud of others."

Yin jiān, Yin Yin Ji ā n, which means a manuscript. Also refers to the paper used to write poems. Song Luyou's poem "Sick": "Pack up your notes and stop drinking. I have been worried about something for years. " Wu Yingwei's "Send Poems and Appreciate Articles": "Thirty-one places stop at fifty, each with a paste, an ink pen and two stacks of notes."

Back-loading, pronounced zhāng bèI, refers to painting in general. According to Modern Chinese Dictionary, painting mounting should be "mounting" or "mounting back". Refers to the reinforcement or display attached to the mat; To attach (a piece of paper, for example) to a solid material as a binding. That is, paper or silk is used as a foil to decorate calligraphy and painting books, or to repair them to make them beautiful and durable. Where the mounting must be two layers, and the painting and calligraphy face outwards, it is called mounting; A raccoon is used to set off the back with plain paper without dye.

The wine offering ceremony in imperial academy in Qing Dynasty-Wulin Pool. Other unknown. (Lack of information)

Jiuji was an official in charge of imperial academy in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There were two in Qing dynasty, one in Manchu and one in Han, and the rank was subordinate to four.

Qisheng Temple, also known as Confucius Temple and Shixian Temple, is located atNo. 13, Guozijian Street, Andingmen, Dongcheng District, Beijing. The Confucius Temple in Beijing was the place where Confucius was sacrificed in China during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was built in the sixth year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (1302), completed in the tenth year of Dade (1306), with an area of 22,000 square meters, and rebuilt in the ninth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (141). Sitting north facing south, the ancient building area is about 7400 square meters. The main buildings are distributed along the central axis, symmetrical left and right, and enter the courtyard. From south to north, the buildings on the central axis are Xianshimen, Dachengmen, Dacheng Hall, Chongshengmen and Chongshengci in turn, and the main building is yellow glazed tile. In the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1530), Qi Shenglu (now a shrine) was built behind Dacheng Hall to honor Confucius' parents and ancestors. In the 18th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1679), Shixian Temple and Qisheng Temple were built. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Confucius was added as a vassal in the Five Dynasties, and the "Qisheng Temple" was renamed as "Chongsheng Temple". In the second year of Qianlong (1737), it was rebuilt, and the gray tile roof was changed into green glazed tile roof. The forest of Jinshi steles in the Confucian Temple is displayed on the east and west sides of the front main gate and the front yard of Dacheng Gate, with a momentum of *** 198. Among them, there were 3 rings in Yuan Dynasty, 77 rings in Ming Dynasty and 1 18 rings in Qing Dynasty. The tablet is engraved with the name, title and origin of the Jinshi. There were 565,438+0,624 imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties (including the first place, the second place and the flower exploration).

Monument inscribed by Yuan people. The imperial examinations in Yuan Dynasty were divided into two lists. At that time, people in the world were divided into four categories, namely: Mongols, Semu people (western minorities and western nationalities), Han people (northern Han people) and southerners (southern Han people and other nationalities). People of different grades take separate exams. Mongolians and Semu people take two exams, and Han people and southerners take three exams. Its content is easier for Mongolians and Semu people, but more difficult for Han people and southerners. The list of students taking the exam is called "right list" by Mongolians and Semu people, and "left list" by Han people and southerners. The admission places in the two lists are equal, but when sending officials, Mongolian Jinshi is higher than Semu, and Semu is higher than Han Chinese and southerners. Mongolians and semu people who are willing to take the subject examinations of Han Chinese and southerners will be given a first-class position after passing the examination.

Eighteen years in Shaoxing. The year of Shaoxing in Song Gaozong is ***32 years, 1 13 1 year-1 162 years. Zhao Gou, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was forced by the Jin people to run around Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In 1 13 1 year, I fled to Shaoxing (then Yuezhou) and felt in a good mood, and my country was about to be recovered. So I have a saying, "Shaozuo Revival", renamed Shaoxing, Yuezhou became Shaoxing City. In the eighteenth year of Shaoxing, 1 148, he took the Chen Wu exam and won the top prize in Wang Zuo. Zhu ranked ninth and fifth in Wang Zuobang, and was awarded the scholar background.

Imitation, sound f m 4 ng, the meaning of efficiency and dependence. Often used as "imitation" and "release".

(coming soon)