Tourism is basically composed of tourism subject, tourism object and what are the basic components of tourism activities, including tourism subject, object and media.

1. What are the basic components of tourism activities, including the subject, object and medium of tourism?

The three elements of tourism are:

Tourism resources, facilities and services.

Decomposition:

Tourism resources: Tourism resources are the premise and foundation of tourism development. Tourism resources mainly include natural landscape tourism resources and human landscape tourism resources. Natural tourism resources include mountains, canyons, forests, volcanoes, rivers, lakes, beaches, hot springs, wildlife and climate. It can be divided into four categories: landform, hydrology, climate and biology.

Tourism facilities: tourism infrastructure refers to all kinds of material facilities built to meet the needs of tourists in the process of tourism. An indispensable material basis for developing tourism. Including tourist hotels (hotels), tourist vehicles, as well as various cultural entertainment, sports, recuperation and other material equipment.

Travel: Travel agencies should strictly fulfill the travel contracts signed with tourists and provide agreed travel services. If the travel agency needs to change the contents of the contract for objective reasons, it shall basically reach an understanding with the tourists, and sign a written change agreement or obtain the written confirmation from the tourists. In the process of team work, if there is a dispute between the travel agency and the tourists, the two sides should settle it through consultation and properly handle it. If an agreement cannot be reached for the time being, the travel agency shall sign an event memorandum with the consumer, explaining the disputed matters, the matters determined and undetermined by both parties, and stipulate the follow-up processing time.

2. The basic elements of tourism activities include the main body of tourism.

Courses offered by tourism management majors: management, economics, business administration, introduction to tourism, tourism management, tourism policies and regulations, travel agency business, travel agency management, tourism geography, tourism psychology, tourism economics, travel agency operation and management, tourism marketing, tourism English, tourism accounting, hotel management, hotel catering, introduction to tourism, tourism culture, tourism development and management, scenic spot planning and management, tourism safety, The main practical teaching links of human resource management, eco-tourism, tourist sources, regional overview, tourism financial management, tourism project management in tourism enterprises, tourism information system and microeconomics include tourism industry survey and tourism enterprise internship, which are generally arranged in 10- 12 weeks. Employment Orientation Graduates majoring in tourism and leisure management can engage in tourism economic management and enterprise management in tourism administrative departments, travel agencies, tourist attractions, tourism consulting companies, tourism e-commerce enterprises, tourism planning institutions and theme parks; Or a self-employed person in the tourism and leisure industry. Details are as follows: 1. The employment of the staff of the tourism administration department shall be carried out through the way of civil servants. The specific process includes online registration, on-site registration, written interview, physical examination, list publicity and other links. Employment units include provincial, municipal and county tourism bureaus and their subordinate enterprises and institutions. The specific location of each unit is determined as required. Please refer to the civil servant enrollment brochure of that year. 2. The functional departments of travel agencies are divided into: business department, plan adjustment department, reception department, tour guide department, liaison department and finance department. Business department: responsible for the marketing planning of travel agency products, the travel agency business such as soliciting groups and ground contacts, and the organization and marketing business of conferences and small and medium-sized exhibitions; There are main positions such as manager, assistant, secretary, group and ground connection. Plan adjustment department: specifically operate the business of travel agencies, including designing tourist routes and quoting prices. Reception department: receiving guests and other visitors. Department: arrange tour guides to take the group. A tour guide needs a tour guide card. External relations department: the spokesperson of foreign travel agencies, who often go to other cities to promote travel agencies. Finance Department: Responsible for all fund operations of travel agencies, and the staff should have certain accounting knowledge. 3. The main business of tourism consulting company includes: outbound tourism consulting, domestic tourism consulting, tourism management specialty, tourism intermediary, business investigation consulting, immigration study consulting, hotel reservation all over the country, tourism (business) vehicle reservation, conference and exhibition, tourism consultant, tour guide training service, etc. With the National Professional Standard for Tourism Consultant Training, the National Vocational Examination Outline for Tourism Consultant Training and the Textbook for Tourism Consultant Training Examination passing the expert evaluation of the National Vocational Qualification Training and Appraisal Experimental Base, the training of tourism consultants has been tested and evaluated nationwide. According to the person in charge of Tianjin Tourism Consultant Certification Center, the average salary of the first batch of 100 students in Chengdu during the probation period is 2385 yuan. Tourism consultants are divided into assistant level and division level, and take the national unified examination after training. After passing the examination, he will be awarded the certificate of tourism consultant of the National Vocational Qualification Training and Appraisal Experimental Base, and his personal data will be entered into the China Tourism Consultant Network and the National Vocational Qualification Training and Appraisal Experimental Base Network. The first national unified examination for tourism consultants in 2008 will be held on June 22nd, and tourism consulting will become the hottest new occupation. 4. Tourism e-commerce enterprise tourism is considered to be one of the industries with the strongest sensitivity to the Internet. Together with finance, software and online bookstore, it is called the four industries most suitable for operating on the Internet. It can be seen that the development prospects of tourism e-commerce enterprises are promising. The main business scope of tourism e-commerce enterprises includes providing tourism information and booking hotels.

6. Tourism Marketing Planning Enterprise The emerging tourism marketing planning enterprise is a marketing planning enterprise that has expanded from the marketing planning work of the original travel agency business department to an independent tourism market. It is a new tourism industry produced by the new division of labor in the process of tourism development. Including the marketing planning of tourist attractions, large-scale tourism performances, large-scale tourism activities, tourist routes and tourist destinations; Also engaged in the organization and marketing of exhibitions. They are the bridge between tourism demand market and tourism supply market, providing tourists with tourism consumption products and their combinations (entities and information) and groups (entities and information) that consume tourism products and tourism destinations; The popularity of some large-scale tourism products in the market is not unrelated to the operation of tourism marketing planning enterprises, such as a large-scale live song and dance "Impression of Liu Sanjie". As a new tourism marketing planning enterprise, it has a huge business volume and capable personnel. Employees are required to have high academic qualifications, understand the development status of tourism enterprises, understand the trend of tourism consumption, have high communication and immediate response ability to market changes, and have good team spirit and integrity. Most tourism planning enterprises have e-commerce business. 7. Graduates of tourist attractions can engage in the management of tourist attractions. National Tourism Administration's Report on the Development of Tourist Attractions in China in 2005 shows that by June 5438+ 10, 2005, there were about 20,000 tourist attractions in China, including 140 1 one, national key scenic spots 177 and national nature reserves. Scenic spots in the United States form half of China's tourism industry. These scenic spots are all over the country, and any kind of scenic spots is the way out for employment. Therefore, many scenic spots have created good opportunities for the employment of tourism and leisure management majors. 8. Theme park graduates can engage in the management of theme parks. Theme parks are divided into paradise type, folk type, historical type, concentrated landscape type, science and technology type, etc. There are Happy Valley, Sea World, Ice and Snow World, etc. Folk customs include folk culture villages and ethnic culture villages. History such as Song Cheng in Hangzhou, Tang Cheng in Wuxi and Three Kingdoms; Guangxi's paradise, Xanadu, fool's paradise, etc. Window of the World, splendid china and other concentrated landscapes. Dinosaur museum, space science center and other technologies. 9. Graduates of tourism and leisure clubs can be engaged in the management of golf clubs, fitness clubs, rock climbing clubs, beaches, desert sand sliding clubs and other industries, as well as the management of bars, KTV and other entertainment places. In addition to the above-mentioned traditional clubs, small and medium-sized clubs, houses and bars have appeared in some large and medium-sized cities or tourist destinations, such as pottery clubs, batik bars, fishing clubs and cooking clubs. 10. tourist resort tourist resort is a tourist place integrating entertainment, accommodation, catering, dance halls, conference halls and large parking lots. With beautiful environment and complete facilities, it is a good place for holiday and leisure travel, and it is increasingly favored by tourists. Graduates majoring in tourism and leisure management can engage in the management of tourist resorts. 1 1. With the rapid development of tourism in tourism vocational secondary schools and vocational secondary schools, there is an increasing demand for grassroots tourism talents. Tourism vocational secondary schools, tourism vocational secondary schools or tourism classes in vocational secondary schools and middle schools have developed rapidly, and engaging in tourism vocational education is also a good choice for tourism graduates to find jobs. 12. Self-employed tourism in the tourism and leisure industry involves various personalized souvenir shops, tourist inns with economic characteristics, bars and teahouses with cultural taste, flavor catering and snack industries, the aforementioned pottery bars and batik bars, gardening bars that teach flower planting and bonsai making, flower bars that arrange flowers, photography bars, etc. It is possible to engage in self-employment in tourism and leisure industries in cities and tourist destinations.

13. Go to the countryside and participate in the development of rural tourism and leisure industry. The development of urbanization and the acceleration of new rural economic construction have promoted the development of rural tourism and leisure industry, especially around big cities. Experts such as Professor Liu Deqian, editor-in-chief of 755-79000, predict that rural tourism will soon occupy half of China's tourism industry in the United States. The vast number of rural tourism talents are extremely scarce, and the rural tourism and leisure industry is a vast world for tourism graduates to display their talents. Participate in rural tourism development, manage rural tourism hotels, conduct rural tourism marketing planning, organize rural tourism commodity production and operation, or engage in rural tourism secondary vocational education and tourism skills training according to local conditions; It can be entrepreneurship, such as organizing rural tourism marketing planning enterprises, raising funds with local farmers to run rural tourism leisure enterprises, and leasing rural tourism resources to set up small and medium-sized rural tourism enterprises; It can also be used in rural tourism and leisure enterprises.

3. The basic element of tourism activities is the tourist subject.

1. Line: Fast forward, fast out and slow down is the basic requirement of tourism for traffic development. Datong county tourism traffic organization can be divided into two aspects: external big traffic and internal small traffic. In terms of big traffic, the development of tourism in Datong county needs to form a big tourism traffic pattern of regional cooperation. As far as the present situation is concerned, railways, highways and airplanes have dredged the tourist routes between datong county and surrounding counties and cities, forming a barrier-free fast track for tourism. In terms of small traffic, how to build a tourist road system according to Tourism magazine, form a traffic loop connecting major scenic spots, form excellent tourist routes and fixed tourist vehicles in the county, and form a small traffic system in the county will also be the key work in the future.

Two. Accommodation: According to the requirements of market guidance, structural optimization, reasonable layout, perfect functions and software upgrade, we will actively try our best to improve the existing problems of tourist hotels in our county. First of all, we upgraded Haotian International Business Club to a star-rated tourist reception hotel in our county. According to the actual situation and the current reception capacity of Hudong Hotel, we can focus on upgrading, such as joining the chain express hotel system. In key scenic spots such as Volcano and Ce Tian Reservoir, it is necessary to develop not only star-rated tourist hotels, but also youth hotels, road trip camps and other forms of rest places to attract and meet the accommodation requirements of high, medium and low-end tourists with different consumption levels. The second is to combine eco-tourism, agricultural sightseeing and farmhouse music in our county to meet the extensive and diverse needs of modern tourists and meet the reception needs at the peak of holidays.

Third, food: further improve and enhance the tourism catering culture, and actively develop tourism food with local characteristics. Datong county's local flavor diet has obvious characteristics. Yellow cakes, mutton and local rice are very famous in Datong. Develop and innovate food culture, make use of the good ecological environment in rural areas, develop catering facilities in Xiping, Baoxu, Jule and other towns, and actively develop pollution-free tourist food. At the same time, develop large-scale, high-grade and special foods of volcanic groups appropriately, increase special and middle-and low-grade catering services suitable for domestic tourists, promote the organic combination of catering industry and tourism, and accelerate folk culture and natural ecological food.

Four. Tourism: pay close attention to the detailed planning of scenic spots, further improve the construction of scenic spots, increase the investment of ecological and cultural elements in scenic spots, and provide a good tourism environment for tourists; Accelerate the construction of tourist attractions led by Datong Volcano National Geopark, and actively develop a variety of tourism products to meet the needs of tourists at different levels; Develop the hydrophilic ecological leisure manor into a new bright spot in our county's tourism industry, let more tourists enter the Datong back garden, and let eco-tourism become a new fashion for urban residents.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) purchase: among the six elements of tourism, purchase occupies the highest weight in tourism and has the greatest driving force to the local economy. It is necessary to develop tourist commodities with datong county local characteristics and volcanic cultural connotation in a multi-level and multi-directional way, so as to improve the shopping grade and economic benefits of datong county. Encourage the development of tourism commodity production, accelerate the development of comprehensive tourist shopping centers, and provide various services suitable for tourists' needs. Establish guiding and demonstration tourism commodity enterprises, and gradually form industrial clusters such as tourism food, tourism handicrafts, tourism daily necessities and tourism health care products. Key tourist attractions should build tourist shopping centers or tourist commodity streets, and constantly introduce tourist commodities with high quality, new styles and beautiful packaging.

Entertainment with intransitive verbs: Tourism entertainment usually consists of two parts: interaction, participation and night entertainment. Especially the evening entertainment programs of tourists are very attractive.

4. Among the elements of tourism activities, the main body of tourism is

1. Line: Fast forward, fast out and slow down is the basic requirement of tourism for traffic development. Datong county tourism traffic organization can be divided into two aspects: external big traffic and internal small traffic. In terms of big traffic, the development of tourism in Datong county needs to form a big tourism traffic pattern of regional cooperation. As far as the present situation is concerned, railways, highways and airplanes have dredged the tourist routes between datong county and surrounding counties and cities, forming a barrier-free fast track for tourism. In terms of small traffic, how to build a tourist road system according to the "datong county Tourism Development Master Plan", form a traffic loop connecting major scenic spots, form excellent tourist routes and fixed tourist vehicles in the county, and form a small traffic system in the county will also be the key work in the future.

5. Tourists are the main body and foundation of tourism activities.

Tourism subject-tourists; Tourism object-tourism products; Tourism media-tourism industry and tourism activities that run through it (refers to the sum of phenomena and relationships generated by mutual conditions and interactions among tourists, tourism objects and tourism media based on certain economy, society and environment).

6. The basic components of tourism activities () include tourism subject, object and media.

L Tourism is a scenic spot, and the tourist targets are tourist hotels, tourist transportation, etc. The tourist medium is a travel agency. Without these latest basic elements, tourists can't travel.

7. What is the main body of tourism activities? It can be defined as

tourism aesthetics

It refers to the demand of the tourist subject to pursue spiritual enjoyment in tourism activities.

Tourism aesthetic culture includes three types: natural aesthetic culture, social aesthetic culture and artistic aesthetic culture. The difference between Chinese and western traditional cultures determines the difference between Chinese and western tourism aesthetic cultures, and the difference between tourism aesthetic subjects determines the difference between tourism aesthetic essence and tourism aesthetic value.

The value of China Zhang Hairong lies in the exploration of aesthetic theory. But social life is diverse and complicated. Tourism is no exception. Aesthetic tourism is different from ancient tourism and modern tourism. Modern tourism has a brand-new connotation. It has become a commercial activity, an independent economic form and a new industry. Whether it is the development of the object, the aesthetic behavior of the subject or the tour guide, it is an economic behavior. T travel without don'. The richer people are, the more people travel; As far as the purpose of tourism is concerned, the purpose of tourists is different, and not all tourists travel for aesthetic purposes. Some of the ancients traveled to study, some to live in seclusion, some to be frustrated in officialdom, and some to be sentenced for being an official; Some modern people want to relax and get close to nature, some people want to see the modern civilization of metropolis, some people want to find knowledge, and some people want to find their own dreams of making money. Moreover, people with different circumstances, identities and economic status have different aesthetic standards. It is not easy to focus many eyes on one focus. In this respect, the overall planning of datong county's tourism development also has a lot to learn from. Therefore, I firmly believe that "tourism aesthetics" is not only today's architecture, but also the cornerstone of establishing a complete tourism aesthetics in China. We have reason to believe that it will win the trust of modern and future readers.

8. What are the basic elements of tourism activities, including the subject object and media object of tourism?

The first view is that tourism culture is the material and spiritual result of the interaction of tourism subject, tourism object and tourism media. It is not a simple combination of tourism and culture, and none of the three elements of tourism can form or constitute tourism culture alone.

The second view is that tourism culture is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth related to tourism created by human beings in the past and now.

The third view holds that tourism culture is the cultural form and connotation of tourism life and a unique social phenomenon. Some people even think that the study of tourism culture should only involve tourists and tourism resources, and tourism media, that is, tourism culture, belongs to corporate culture and cannot be included here.

The fourth view holds that tourism culture is an ideology and its external manifestation reflected and created by tourists or tour operators in the process of tourism consumption or service. This view obviously excludes the content of tourism resources.

The fifth view holds that tourism culture is the sum of ideas and external manifestations created by tourists and tour operators in their consumption or tourism management services, and it is the process and result of the collision between the social culture of tourist source areas and the social culture of tourist destinations through the special medium of tourists. (Ma Bo, Principles of Tourism Aesthetics)

The sixth view holds that tourism culture is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth closely related to tourism created by ancient and modern human beings. All the material wealth and spiritual wealth that can make tourists feel comfortable, happy and educated in the process of traveling and improve the cultural quality and skills of tourism service providers belong to the category of tourism culture. (Wang Mingxuan's Principles of Tourism Aesthetics)

Among the above six viewpoints, the expressions of the first, second, fifth and sixth are different, but the extension is basically the same. The extension of the third and fourth viewpoints is narrower, or they exclude tourism media or tourism objects, which seems inappropriate. From the connotation, the six expressions are not perfect. For example, the second view essentially equates the general social culture as a potential tourism resource with tourism culture, but does not clearly reveal the characteristics of tourism culture. The first view is general, and the two negative sentences do not reveal the connotation of the concept of tourism culture from the front. The third and fourth viewpoints have their own defects. The fifth and sixth viewpoints are the combination of the third and fourth viewpoints, and their logical results are bound to be flawed. The sixth viewpoint is essentially the concretization of the second viewpoint, which overcomes its general shortcomings in form. In any case, the above viewpoints basically adhere to three principles, namely

(1) Tourism culture exists objectively and has relative independence;

(2) The emergence and development of tourism culture must be based on general culture and its intrinsic value factors;

(3) Tourism culture is not a simple migration from general social culture to tourism, but a new culture created on the premise of inheriting or partially containing general cultural forms. In contrast, the first viewpoint summarizes the three elements of tourism more concisely in extension, while the fifth and sixth viewpoints are clearer in connotation.

Based on the above viewpoints, we can define tourism culture as follows: tourism culture is the sum of ideology and its external manifestations created by the interaction of tourism objects, tourism subjects and tourism subjects in the process of tourism or activities.

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