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The development of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation
/kloc-in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, government agencies often hired private detective companies such as Pinkerton to solve cases. Until 1908, the illegal land sales in the western United States angered then President theodore roosevelt, who authorized Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte to set up a small detective agency to investigate these crimes. In May, 1909, the agency had its official name: Bureau of Investigation (BOI). It was not until July that 1935 and 1 were officially changed to the FBI. John edgar hoover became the director of the Bureau of Investigation on May 1924. At that time, the Bureau of Investigation spent a lot of energy investigating political radicals who did not commit crimes (such as socialist Albert Einstein). When franklin delano roosevelt was in office, he reminded Hoover that liberalism is not a crime, but a political activity of the current president and the executive branch.

In 1930s, the FBI arrested a number of notorious kidnappers, robbers and murderers, such as john dillinger, Nelson, Kate Barker, Alvin Karpis and George Machine Gun Kelly. The FBI also played an important role in the action against the Klan. The abbreviation of the FBI also represents its creed:

Loyalty (loyalty)

brave

The headquarters of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation is located in the Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C. This building was put into use by 1974, and it looks like a big fortress.

Headquarters has 65,438+00 functional departments headed by assistant directors, which are responsible for identification, training, criminal investigation, technical services, etc. We have set up overseas offices in 59 cities across the country and more than 400 "local branches" under them, as well as overseas institutions in 22 countries around the world to carry out the tasks assigned by the headquarters. There are the Criminal Justice Information Service Department, the Criminal Science Laboratory, the Central Fingerprint Archives (the largest database of its kind in the world), the Senior Hostage Rescue Team, and the National College specialized in training senior agents.

The National Research Institute of the FBI is located at the United States Marine Corps Base in Quantico, Virginia. Established in 1972, this training institution for senior agents and spies is completely surrounded by 385 mu of forest, and it is difficult to see the panoramic view from the air. According to the official website of the FBI, such an environment is conducive to "security and confidentiality". It is worth noting that the training institute of the United States Drug Administration is also located nearby.

The main body of the National College of the Federal Bureau of Investigation includes three dormitory buildings, 1 canteen, 1 teaching building, 1 forensic research and training center, 1 auditorium, 1 seat, 1 chapel, 1 gymnasium, 650. In addition, there is also a simulation city in the National College, which is specially designed for the students of the FBI and the Training College of the Narcotics Control Bureau to conduct actual combat simulation. There are 1 indoor shooting range, 8 outdoor shooting ranges, 4 UFO shooting ranges and 1 200m rifle shooting range near the simulated city. The FBI also played an important role in the action against the Klan.

From the 1940 s to the 1970 s, the FBI investigated espionage cases against the United States. During World War II, the FBI captured eight Nazi spies who went to the United States to carry out sabotage missions.

The US Federal Bureau of Investigation has also done a lot of work in cracking down on organized crime, cracking down on many criminal organizations and gangs, such as Giancana family in Sam Giancana and Angelogotti family in John Gaudi. Cointelpro operation: In the 1950s and 1960s, the FBI conducted a controversial Cointelpro operation. The content of this action is to investigate and hinder the actions of American dissident organizations. These organizations include military organizations, non-violent organizations and civil rights organizations. Hoover's investigation of Martin Luther King was also notorious. The FBI found no evidence of the crime and tried to blackmail him with his private sex video.

Fire Chaplin: Chaplin was targeted by the FBI for his performance in a film that criticized shortcomings. 1922, FBI agents sneaked into Chaplin's film studio to be undercover and monitor his words and deeds. After a while, undercover agents reported to the minister that there were "Bolsheviks who talked a lot" and a large number of "film activists". The topic of discussion is "How important movies are to educate and publicize the workers' movement and revolution". At that time, the director of the FBI was Burns. After receiving the report, he immediately asked his men to collect and sort out the files about the ideological trend in the film industry, and listed the radical activities in the film industry, especially "how to carry out * * * productive propaganda through movies", in an attempt to explain that "the productive thought of film propaganda * *" will have an ideological impact on the people and must be closely monitored.

Surveillance of Einstein: The FBI began to monitor Einstein after World War II. Agents were shocked by his idea of identifying with proletarian ideals and supporting civil rights movements, anti-war groups and some socialism. They are worried that such celebrities will have a negative impact on society if they criticize American policies. In order to find the evidence of Einstein's deportation, the FBI established a detailed personal file about Einstein. This document is 1424 pages long and records the contents of the investigation of Einstein by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Two pieces of paper with more than 30 lines of "death code" have puzzled the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 12 years. Because the notes may be the key to solving a murder case with no weapon, no witnesses and no cause of death, the FBI rarely turned to the world for help, and published password notes in official website, asking the public to help crack them. Since its release, it has aroused enthusiastic response.

This case can be traced back to1June 30th, 999. A farmer found Ricky McCormick's rotting body in a field in West alton, Missouri, USA. Although investigators believe that McCormick was murdered, the body was not cut, law enforcement officers could not find any murder weapon and witnesses, and autopsy and toxicology tests could not determine the cause of death. The key to the murder is only two notes in McCormick's trouser pocket.

The "death password" on these two pieces of paper consists of 3 1 lines of numbers and capital English letters. One of the passwords is "divided" by five circles. Even if the letters can be recognized, the sorting is illogical.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation pointed out that the American Cryptography Association could not be cracked after analysis. Olson, an FBI agent in charge of cryptanalysis and extortion cases, believes that if we can decipher the contents of the two notes, we can reveal where the deceased was before he was killed and solve the cause of the murder.

McCormick's mother once revealed that although her son likes to use code words since he was a child, his family has never understood the meaning of code words, so he can't provide any cracking methods. Olson said that this note was most likely written by McCormick on1June 27, 999, and the rest of the clues and investigation gains made little progress compared with 12 years ago.

Due to the stagnant progress of the investigation listed as the number one unsolved case for many years, the FBI posted a notice of "Request for Decoding" in official website on120 165438+ on October 29th, and made public two "death codes", welcoming anyone in the world to express their opinions on the "death codes" and provide decoding theories; The FBI also attached four basic steps and examples to the announcement. The public can not only leave messages on the website, but also write directly to the FBI to help solve the case.

Although the FBI pointed out in the announcement that the FBI often relies on clues provided by the public to solve crimes, the "help" involved in murder cases was unique in the past. Olson said that even if the contents of these two notes are only decoded shopping lists or love letters, it will be helpful to solve the case. The FBI also wants to know the decoding method, because this "death password" is a password system that law enforcement agencies never know. The FBI was founded in 1908 and celebrated its centenary in 2008. Historians believe that this century has witnessed the success and failure, honor and criticism of the FBI. Experts believe that the history of the FBI reflects the history of the United States in the 20th century to some extent.

When the FBI was founded, its main task was to investigate crimes that violated federal laws, such as theft, robbery and illegal use of land.

During World War I and World War II, the functions of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation began to change, focusing on investigating foreign intelligence and terrorist activities and launching a full-scale spy war. After that, the FBI also conducted notorious investigations on dissidents, including investigating Martin Luther King, the leader of the black movement, expelling Chaplin, and investigating Einstein.

The terrorist attack on September 1 2006 was a turning point for the FBI. After "9. 1 1", the FBI launched the largest investigation in history and dispatched nearly 1/4 agents and professionals. Since then, the FBI has made combating terrorism its top priority.

Essen Theo Harris, a professor at Marquette University in Wisconsin, USA, wrote a book called "The Federal Bureau of Investigation and American Democracy". In his book, he pointed out that in the impression of most Americans, the image of the FBI is positive, and people think it is the most effective institution to fight crime.

But he also pointed out that the FBI is both a defender and a destroyer of the law. What the American people are most dissatisfied with is that it often infringes on citizens' personal privacy in the name of counter-terrorism. Agents are always afraid that they will overreact at the slightest sign.

Theo Harris stressed that how to ensure the freedom of citizens is an urgent problem that the FBI needs to solve in the process of moving towards the future. The US Federal Bureau of Investigation is the main investigation agency of the US Department of Justice, and is usually called the firm. Some people even call it the largest law enforcement agency in the world. In its 100-year history, this institution is the core of many notorious cases, some of which are successful and others are controversial. In the era of terrorism, the FBI is still as complex and powerful as before.

Its duty is to investigate specific crimes. The FBI is also authorized to cooperate with other law enforcement agencies to provide services such as fingerprint identification, laboratory inspection and police training. The list of the top ten most wanted criminals was published from 1930.

The task of the FBI is to investigate violations of federal crime laws and support the law. Protect the United States from investigating intelligence and terrorist activities from foreign countries, provide assistance to federal, state, local and international agencies in leadership and law enforcement, and perform their duties on the premise of responding to public needs and being loyal to the US Constitution. At home, it is only responsible for safeguarding national security and preventing organized terrorist activities; Externally, actively assist the U.S. Military Intelligence Agency (M.I.A, U.S. Department of Defense) and the Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A, Central Intelligence Agency) in preventing and cracking down on all intelligence and military activities that may endanger U.S. national security. The official mission of the FBI is to uphold the law by investigating violations of the federal criminal law, protect the United States from threats from foreign spies and terrorists, provide leadership and law enforcement assistance to federal, state, local or international institutions, and perform the above duties according to public needs and compliance with the US Constitution. Among them, five aspects that affect society enjoy the highest priority: anti-atrocities, drugs/organized crime, foreign anti-espionage activities, violent crimes and white-collar crimes. The FBI once had a disgraceful history of supporting the law and sometimes even breaking it. But in the usual impression of most Americans, it is the most effective institution to fight crime. The number of agents is increasing every year. 20 13 years, and the membership exceeds 1 1000. Most of the agents are stationed in foreign countries, working in the American embassy, and serving as the ambassador's legal commissioner. The FBI calls itself "LEGATS". The scandal of the FBI shows that there are still many problems in its internal system. The outside world has given a strong attack. 2001July 17, some officials of the FBI who did not want to be named disclosed to the media that the FBI had lost nearly 200 laptops and about 450 weapons in the past 1 1 2 years. According to the FBI, one of the lost laptops must have stored confidential information, and the other three may have also stored confidential information. Thieves stole 13 of the lost computers, and some other laptops were probably lost in the process of passing from one department to another. Of the nearly 450 weapons lost by the FBI, about 184 were stolen. About 13 lost weapons fell into the hands of criminals, who used them in the robbery. Although most of the lost weapons are small arms that are carried with you, there are also many big guys like submachine guns.

In addition to the theft, some guns were obviously lost in the joint training activities of the FBI and other law enforcement agencies. Insiders of the FBI also participated in the loss of weapons. It has been confirmed that 66 of the missing weapons are related to a retired agent, and 4 missing weapons are related to some agents who were dismissed or died. Among the mistakes made by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation, the explosion in Ohio is striking. At that time, when the FBI provided materials to the defense lawyer of the main criminal of the Russian city bombing, it actually missed thousands of important documents. As a result, McVeigh's execution was forced to be postponed from May 1 to June 1.

In addition, Hansen, a senior FBI agent, is actually a Russian double agent who has been lurking for 15 years. Public opinion is in uproar, and the FBI is ashamed! China scientist Li Wenhe's mishandling is also a disgrace to the FBI!