Olympic Games The World Comprehensive Games sponsored by the International Olympic Committee. Every four years, it is the largest and highest level sports meeting in the world.
Greek: ο λ υ μ π ι α κ ο? Αγ? νε? , referred to as the Olympic Games or the Olympic Games.
In order to publicize the Olympic spirit and encourage athletes, Coubertin proposed in 19 13 and was approved by the International Olympic Committee, taking "swifter, higher and stronger" as the Olympic motto. 1908 When the London Olympic Games was held, the Archbishop of Pennsylvania in the United States said in his sermon at the religious ceremony of the Olympic Games held in St. Paul's Cathedral that "it is important to participate in the Olympic Games, not to win". Coubertin appreciated this sentence very much and quoted it many times in the future. Therefore, many people think that this sentence should become an Olympic ideal. Athletes' oath will be implemented from the 7th Olympic Games of 1920. 1968 Olympic Games added the oath of referee. At the 1936 1 1 Olympic Games, the IOC officially stipulated that the Olympic flame symbolizing light, friendship and unity should be lit at the main venue.
Olympic sports include: track and field, basketball, football, volleyball, swimming (including diving, water polo and synchronized swimming), hockey, gymnastics, weightlifting, cycling, wrestling, judo, shooting, archery, fencing, rowing, rowing, sailing windsurfing, equestrian, boxing, handball, modern pentathlon, tennis and table tennis. In addition to official events, the IOC also authorized the host country to list 1 ~ 3 non-Olympic official events popular in its own country as exhibition events of this Olympic Games, and other countries can also send teams to participate. As an informal competition, the winner will not be awarded a medal.
The origin of the Olympic Games
Ancient Greece was a mythical kingdom. Beautiful fairy tales and bizarre folk stories cast a mysterious color on the origin of the ancient Olympic Games. Legend: The ancient Olympic Games was a regular sports activity to worship Zeus. Another legend is related to Hercules, the son of Zeus. Heracles is known as "Hercules" because of its great strength. He finished the task that ordinary people couldn't finish in Elis city-state, and cleaned the king's cowshed full of cow dung in less than half a day, but the king didn't want to honor his promise of giving away 300 cows, so Herakler drove the king away in a fit of pique. To celebrate his victory, he held a sports meeting at the Olympic Games.
The most popular story about the origin of the ancient Olympic Games is Pelops's marriage. In order to choose a husband who is both civil and military for his daughter, Elis, the king of ancient Greece, proposed that the candidate must compete with himself in the chariot. In the competition, 13 youths were killed by the king's spear, 14 youths were Pelops, the grandson of Zeus and the sweetheart of the princess. Encouraged by love, he bravely accepted the king's challenge and finally won with wisdom. To celebrate this victory, Pelops and the princess held a grand wedding in front of the temple of Zeus in Olympia. At the meeting, chariots, gladiators and other competitions were arranged. This was the original ancient Olympic Games, and Pelops became the legendary founder of the ancient Olympic Games.
The origin of the Olympic Games is actually closely related to the social situation in ancient Greece. In the 9th-8th century BC, the Greek clan society gradually disintegrated, the slave society of city-state system gradually formed, and more than 200 city-states were established. City-states are fragmented, there is no unified monarch, and wars between city-states continue. In order to cope with the war, every city-state actively trains its own soldiers. The children of the Spartan city-state were raised by the state from the age of seven, engaged in sports and military training, and lived a military life. War needs soldiers, soldiers need strong bodies, and sports is a powerful means to train soldiers who can fight. The war promoted the development of Greek sports, and the events of the ancient Olympic Games also had obvious military brand. The people are disgusted with the continuous war and generally long for a peaceful environment to recuperate. Later, the King of Sparta and the King of Elis signed the "Holy Truce Month" treaty. As a result, preparing for military training and sports competitions has gradually become a game of peace and friendship.
In 776 BC, the Greeks stipulated that a sports meeting should be held in Olympia every four years. During the sports meeting, all Greek athletes and nearby citizens gathered in Olympia, a scenic town in southern Greece. In 776 BC, the first Olympic Games was held here, and Dorian Klose won the 192.27 meter sprint. He became the first winner of the first event in the International Olympic Games.
Later, the scale of the ancient Greek Games gradually expanded and became a grand event to show the national spirit. The winner of the competition can get a wreath of laurel, wild olive and palm. From 776 BC to 394 AD, after 1 170 years, * * * held the 293rd ancient Olympic Games. It was banned by the Roman emperor in 394 AD.
1875 ~ 188 1 year, Kutius in Germany excavated cultural relics in Olympic sites, which aroused the interest of the whole world. Therefore, Pierre De Coubertin, a French educator, believes that it is of great significance to restore the tradition of the ancient Greek Olympic Games to promote the development of international sports. Under his advocacy and active running, the first international sports conference was held in Paris in June 1894. The International Sports Congress decided to call the world-wide comprehensive games the Olympic Games, and held the first modern Olympic Games in Athens, once every four years, in turn in all member countries.
By 2004, 29 Olympic Games had been held.
The opening ceremony evolved from the name of the ancient Olympic Games, originated in ancient Greece, and was named after the venue of Olympia. The ancient Greeks had a tradition of loving sports. Ancient Greece was divided into many city states. In order to offer sacrifices to gods, city-states often hold sports meetings, which are strongly religious. During the Games, a sacred truce was implemented, which facilitated citizens' free communication and brought short-term peace to the endless war between the city-states, so it was widely welcomed. Among many competitions, the largest and longest-lasting one is the one held in Olympia to worship Zeus, the father of the gods, which is now called the ancient Olympic Games.
The first ancient Olympic Games was held in 776 BC. After that, it was held every four years. Until 393 AD, the Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I banned all pagan activities and announced the abolition of the ancient Olympic Games, which lasted 1 169 years and was held for 293 times. Decades later, Theodosius II burned the temple of Zeus, and later floods and earthquakes buried the remains of the ancient Olympic Games.
/kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, the ancient Olympic sites were rediscovered by archaeologists. With the development of modern sports, people are eager to restore the Olympic Games. From 1859 to 1889, the Greeks held four Olympic Games. 1888, Baron P de Coubertin of France put forward the proposal of restoring the Olympic Games, and visited all European countries in 1892. After two years of operation and raising funds, an international sports conference was held in Paris, France in June, 1894. On June 23rd, the International Olympic Committee was established. From then on, June 23rd was called Olympic Day. The meeting also decided to hold the first modern Olympic Games in Athens, Greece, from April 6, 1996 to April 5, 19961May, and hold it every four years thereafter, alternately in major cities on five continents. If the sports meeting cannot be held for some reason, the number of Olympic Games will still be counted.
The first Olympic Charter initiated and formulated by Coubertin was adopted at the Paris International Conference in June 1894. It involves the basic purposes, principles and other related matters of the Olympic Movement. 192 1 The Olympic Games in Lausanne formulated the Olympic Law, including the Olympic Charter, the Constitution of the International Olympic Committee, the Rules and Protocols of the Olympic Games, the General Rules for Hosting the Olympic Games and the Rules of the Olympic Parliament. Over the past decades, the Olympic Law has been revised and supplemented many times, but the basic principles and spirit formulated by Coubertin have not changed.
1900, at the second Olympic Games held in Paris, 1 1 women broke the ban and appeared on the sports ground. After several arguments, the International Olympic Committee finally passed the resolution to allow women to participate in the Olympic Games at the 22nd meeting of 1924. Since then, women's events have become an indispensable part of the Olympic Games, and more and more female athletes have participated in it.
With the development of the Olympic Movement, the International Olympic Committee has formulated many regulations. 19 13, according to Coubertin's idea, the International Olympic Committee designed the Olympic flag with a boundless white background and five interlocking rings in the middle. The colors of the five rings are sky blue, yellow, black, green and red. The five rings symbolize the unity of the five continents, and athletes from all over the world gather in the Olympic Games with fair and frank competition and friendly spirit. 19 14 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic movement, the Olympic flag was used for the first time in the Olympic Games held in Paris. 1920 during the Antwerp Olympic games, the first five-ring flag was raised in the stadium. Since then, the flag handover ceremony and flag-raising ceremony have been held in the opening ceremonies of previous Olympic Games. In order to publicize the Olympic spirit and encourage athletes, Coubertin proposed in 19 13 and was approved by the International Olympic Committee, taking "swifter, higher and stronger" as the Olympic motto. 1908 When the London Olympic Games was held, the Archbishop of Pennsylvania in the United States said in his sermon at the religious ceremony of the Olympic Games held in St. Paul's Cathedral that "it is important to participate in the Olympic Games, not to win". Coubertin appreciated this sentence very much and quoted it many times in the future. Therefore, many people think that this sentence should become an Olympic ideal. Athletes' oath will be implemented from the 7th Olympic Games of 1920. 1968 Olympic Games added the oath of referee. At the 1936 1 1 Olympic Games, the IOC officially stipulated that the Olympic flame symbolizing light, friendship and unity should be lit at the main venue. Since then, this activity has become one of the indispensable ceremonies for the opening ceremony of each Olympic Games. Before the Olympic Games, the torch was lit by the sunlight gathered by concave mirror near the temple of the Greek goddess Hera (the wife of Zeus) in Olympia, and then carried on the torch relay and arrived in the host city the day before the opening of the Olympic Games. At the opening ceremony, the athletes of the host country lit the flame on the tower with the last stick, and the flame went out at the closing ceremony.
the athletes march in
The Olympic flag and the flags of participating countries were flying at the venue.
According to the regulations, all national Olympic committees recognized by the International Olympic Committee can send sports teams to participate in the Olympic Games. Before 1949, the Republic of China sent teams or teams to participate in the 9th, 10,1,14 Olympic Games. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), when the 15 Olympic Games was held in Finland in 1952, the Chinese Olympic Committee was invited to participate for the first time, and China athletes participated in swimming competitions. Since then, the Chinese Olympic Committee once severed contact with the International Olympic Committee. 1June 1979,165438+1October, the IOC resumed its legal seat in the Chinese Olympic Committee. 1984 China sent 225 athletes to participate in the 23rd Olympic Games held in Los Angeles, USA, and won the fourth gold medal (15). 1988 in the 24th Olympic Games and 1992 in the 25th Olympic Games, China sent delegations to participate in the competitions, and both achieved good results.
China Olympic medal list.
Total number of gold, silver and bronze medals
23 15 8 9 32
24 5 1 1 12 28
25 16 22 16 54
26 16 22 12 50
27 28 16 15 59
28 32 17 14 63
Hosting the Olympic Games is the largest and most influential comprehensive sports meeting in the world. Under normal circumstances, Yuan Capital, the president of the International Olympic Committee and the host country, attended the opening and closing ceremonies of the conference and delivered a speech at the conference. The head of the host country announced the opening of the conference. Countries (or regions) that participated in the Olympic Games in the past were invited by the host country, which was decided at the Seoul meeting of the IOC Executive Committee in September 1986, and was later invited by the IOC.
According to the constitution of the International Olympic Committee, the Olympic Games belong to the patent of the International Olympic Committee. According to the organizational capacity and financial resources of the city applying for hosting the next Olympic Games, all members of the IOC vote to decide the host city of the next Olympic Games, and the IOC signs the necessary contracts with the city that has won the right to host the next Olympic Games. The host city must abide by the constitution and instructions of the International Olympic Committee, and generally build stadiums that meet the standards and provide special accommodation for athletes, which is usually called the Olympic Village.
Olympic sports include: track and field, basketball, football, volleyball, swimming (including diving, water polo and synchronized swimming), hockey, gymnastics, weightlifting, cycling, wrestling, judo, shooting, archery, fencing, rowing, rowing, sailing windsurfing, equestrian, boxing, handball, modern pentathlon, tennis and table tennis. In addition to official events, the IOC also authorized the host country to list 1 ~ 3 non-Olympic official events popular in its own country as exhibition events of this Olympic Games, and other countries can also send teams to participate. As an informal competition, the winner will not be awarded a medal.
Reward the IOC for emphasizing that the competition is only a competition between individuals and teams, not a contest of sports strength between countries. The International Olympic Committee only announced the results of the competition, and no country won the prize. However, the host country, the press and national Olympic committees all make statistics in this respect and make comprehensive rankings according to medals or scores. In terms of rewards, we also pay attention to spirit and reputation. The International Olympic Committee believes that spiritual reward is one of the important factors of the Olympic spirit. The top three athletes who win in the Olympic Games will only be awarded gold, silver and bronze medals, and no material rewards will be given.
The ancient Olympic Games has a history of 1200 years since it was held in Olympia, Greece in 776 BC. It was originally a religious ceremony and gradually evolved into a sports activity. At that time, there were five events (including discus, javelin, long jump, running and wrestling), running, boxing, wrestling, boxing wrestling (a mixed sport of boxing and wrestling), carriage race and horse riding. The ancient Olympic Games reflected people's desire for peace. During the Olympic Games, the warring sides would have a truce, but the ancient Olympic Games were finally stopped because of the war.
The revival of the Olympic Games began at 1896. Thanks to the efforts of the founder of the Olympic Games, Coubertin, the first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece, with 245 athletes from 14 countries participating. Since then, the number of participating athletes, participating countries and participating events has increased day by day. In the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games in Australia, more than 65,438+000,000 athletes from 65,438+099 countries participated in the competition. As the largest gathering in the world, the spirit of "Faster, Higher and Stronger" put forward by the Olympic Games embodies the spirit of modern people's pursuit of a happy life.
Winter sports first joined the Olympic Games in 1908, when it was figure skating. Ice hockey increased from 1920. 1924, the Winter Olympic Games was held in Nice, Tchami for the first time. Because 1994, the Winter Olympics is scheduled to be held in the same year as the Summer Olympics, so the current Olympic Games are held every two years, and the Winter Olympics and the Summer Olympics are held alternately.
Events of the ancient Olympic Games
The competitive events of the ancient Olympic Games were mainly track and field, and then wrestling, pentathlon, boxing, horse racing, gladiator, chariot racing and armed racing were gradually added. , up to 23 events. Most sports are the rudiments of modern sports, with simple rules and great randomness. Some sports, such as the most distinctive gladiator in ancient Greek sports, have disappeared in modern sports.
The earliest event of the site run ancient Olympic Games was the only event from 1 to 13, with a distance of 192.27 meters, which is exactly the length of the sports ground. Later, there was a middle-long distance race, and the distance was a multiple of 192.27 meters. At that time, there was no lane separation sign on the runway, and the boundary of the sports ground was paved with stones, which was the starting line. There are various starting positions, and it is only a matter of time before the race. The ancient Greeks liked running. On the rock wall of Alphonse River in Olympia, there is an ancient Greek proverb: "If you want to be smart, run!" If you want to be strong, run! If you want to be healthy, run! "Pentathlon is a comprehensive event in the sports meeting, which is very different from modern track and field all-around sports. For example, the ancient pentathlon was accompanied by a flute, and the athletes passed by with dumbbells. The discus is actually a stone cake, and the javelin was a practical weapon at that time. The first four events were held in the arena and wrestling was held next to the temple. A wrestler must be the champion of the first four events, and wrestling must win the first place to become a champion of five events. In the ancient Olympic Games, Spartans always dominated this event, and almost won all previous championships.
Gladiator is a popular sport combining boxing and wrestling in ancient Greece. The competition is very fierce and often attracts many spectators.
In the ancient Olympic Games, the youth event was only established in the 37th session, and the age limit was not clear. These events are also limited to track running, wrestling, pentathlon, boxing and gladiator, but they are not lasting.
In addition, there are wonderful literary and artistic competitions, and the participants are poets, writers, artists and speakers. The literary competition began at the 84th ancient Olympic Games in 444 BC. Grodotte, then known as the "father of history" in Greece, read out some chapters in his masterpiece History and praised the Greek soldiers who defeated the Persian army in the Battle of Marathon Valley in 490 BC, and finally won the first literary competition. Art competitions also have prizes, even higher than sports competitions. For example, in the Olympic Games after Macedonia conquered Greece in 338 BC, all prizes belonging to sports competitions were awarded to poets.
The Birth of Modern Olympic Movement
The development scale and level of the modern Olympic Movement have attracted worldwide attention. The Olympic spirit has been widely spread. People see that Olympism, as a cultural phenomenon, closely links ethnic groups with different skin colors and cultural backgrounds in the form of competition, which has a far-reaching impact on human social activities and human civilization. As a sports phenomenon, the Olympic Games is the most fascinating stage for human beings to explore the limits of physical fitness. Olympic records and medals have become lofty goals pursued by athletes, and the Olympic movement has become a global activity with great attraction, penetration and cohesion in many participating countries and regions.
From 65438 to 0893, at the suggestion of Coubertin, the father of the Olympic Games, an international sports conference was held in Paris to discuss the revival of the Olympic Games. 1894 1 month, Coubertin drew up the concrete steps to revive the Olympic Games and 10 issues to be discussed, and wrote to sports organizations and groups in various countries. 16 June, the "International Sports Congress" opened in Sorbonne Theological Seminary in Paris, with 79 delegates representing 49 sports organizations in 2 countries. 2000 people attended the opening ceremony. The General Assembly adopted the resolution of "Reviving the Olympic Movement". On June 23rd, the International Olympic Committee was established. The establishment of the International Olympic Committee marks the birth of the Olympic Movement.
History of modern Olympic Games
Historically, the origin and development of the Olympic Games can be divided into two stages. The Olympic Games held since A.D. 1986 are collectively called the modern Olympic Games. /kloc-At the beginning of the 4th century, the Renaissance in Europe made people praise the ancient Olympic spirit. Matteo Palmiri, an early Italian activist, proposed in 1450 that the peaceful and friendly spirit of the ancient Olympic Games should be integrated into people's social life ideology. During this period, more and more attention was paid to the investigation and excavation of Olympia. The investigation team, led by German Kuziyus, has carried out excavation for six years, and obtained a large number of cultural relics and historical materials, so that the Olympia village, which was buried for many years, was rediscovered. 1852 65438+1October 10, Kuzius read out the report on the investigation and excavation of Berlin's "Olympia" and suggested resuming the sports meeting, which aroused strong social repercussions. From 1895 to 1889, Greece hosted five national Olympic Games, but never expanded its army.
/kloc-In Europe in the 0/9th century, with the development of science, culture and education, countries established their own sports organizations, some countries held competitions in certain events, and Germany, Sweden and Britain also formed their own sports systems or competitive sports. Just when people further demanded to organize international competitions, the first batch of international sports federations were established, such as the International Gymnastics Federation of 188 1, the International Rowing Federation of 1892 and the International Skating Federation. In addition, at the end of 19, imperialism and monopoly capital appeared in the world. The newly powerful William Germany wants to wage war to carve up the world market again, and France is Germany's close neighbor. If Germany starts a war, the disaster of the war will first fall on the French people, so the French people want to maintain peace. It is in this situation that some people consider resuming the Olympic Games, which symbolizes peace and friendship.
In 1883, Pierre De Coubertin, a French educator, proposed to hold a competition similar to the ancient Olympic Games and spread it to the whole world. During the period of 1892, he traveled all over Europe to publicize the Olympic concept and call for the revival of the Olympic movement. In the same year, at the annual meeting of the Paris Sports Federation 10, he proposed to restore the "Olympic Games". 1894 10, he wrote to Olympic organizations in various countries and suggested that an international sports conference be held in Paris in the same year. At the International Sports Conference held in Paris from June 65438 to June 24 of the same year, the representatives of 15 countries decided to hold the Olympic Games every four years. In order to prepare for the Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee was established on June 23rd, with the Greek Vi Kailas as the chairman and Coubertin as the secretary-general, and personally designed the Olympic emblem and flag. The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece from April 6, 1996 to June 5, 1996. * * There are 3 1 1 athletes from 13 countries attending the Athens Congress. American athlete Jan Connolly won the gold medal in triple jump with a score of 13438+0m, thus becoming the first modern Olympic champion.
The most significant thing in the history of modern Olympic Games is to break the old rule that women are not allowed to participate. In the second Olympic Games, despite Coubertin's persistent opposition to women's participation, female athletes still set foot on the field that has always belonged to men. However, gender discrimination didn't end there, and track and field didn't open to women until the 9th Olympic Games in 1928. Another unforgettable event in the history of the Olympic Games is the ceremony of lighting the Olympic torch in Athens, Greece, the birthplace of the modern Olympic Games, and then passing it to the venue of the Olympic Games, and lighting the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony. Starting from 1924, modern Olympic Games can be divided into summer Olympic Games and winter Olympic Games. At that time, the Eighth Summer Olympic Games was held in Paris and the 1 Winter Olympic Games was held in Chamonix.
Boycott the Olympic Games on the grounds of political issues is 1956' s first Olympic Games in Melbourne. Britain and France sent troops to the Suez Canal, which caused resistance from Egypt, Iraq and Lebanon. The former Soviet Union sent troops to Hungary, which led Switzerland, Spain and the Netherlands to refuse to participate in the competition. 1980 At the Moscow Olympic Games, the biggest "boycott event" in Olympic history, initiated by the United States and joined by 6 1 countries, took place to protest against the invasion of Afghanistan by the former Soviet Union. To this end, the former Soviet Union rallied its allies in Eastern Europe and retaliated against the United States on the grounds of security at the Los Angeles Olympic Games four years later.
Danish cyclist Zhan Sen fell to the ground and died in the 1960 Rome Olympic Games. Since then, the drug problem has been closely following the Olympic Games. It was not until 1988 Seoul Olympic Games that it was made clear that ben johnson, the world and Olympic champion and world record, relied on steroids. The modern Olympic Games has experienced hardships since it was born 100 years ago. Its rise and fall, honor and disgrace, have affected hundreds of millions of people all over the world. It has played an indelible role in strengthening the friendship between people and athletes all over the world and promoting world peace and the development of world sports, which people will never forget when reviewing the history of the Olympic Games.
The venue of previous Summer Olympic Games.
The year of the session.
1 Athens? Greece 1896
2 Paris? France 1900
3 st Louis? USA 1904
4 London? UK 1908
5 Stockholm? Sweden 19 12
6 Berlin? Germany 19 16 (because it was not done in World War I)
7 Antwerp? Belgium 1920
8 Paris? France 1924
9 Amsterdam? Netherlands 1928
10 Los Angeles? USA 1932
1 1 Berlin? Germany 1936 (because it was not done in World War II)
12 Helsinki? Finland 1940 (because it was not done in World War II)
13 London? UK 1944
14 London? UK 1948
15 Helsinki? Finland 1952
16 Melbourne? Australia 1956
17 Rome? Italy 1960
18 Tokyo? Japan 1964
19 Mexico city? Mexico 1968
20 Munich? Former West Germany 1972
2 1 Montreal? Canada 1976
22 Moscow? The former Soviet Union 1980
23 Los Angeles? USA 1984
24 Seoul? Korea 1988
25 Barcelona? Spain 1992
Atlanta 26? USA 1996
27 Sydney? Australia 2000
28 Athens? Greece 2004
29 China Beijing 2008
30 London, UK, 20 12
In 776 BC, the Greeks stipulated that a sports meeting should be held in Olympia every four years. During the sports meeting, all Greek athletes and people nearby gathered in Olympia. At the first Olympic Games held in 776 BC, Dorian Klose won the championship with a sprint score of 192.27 meters. At the same time, he became the first champion of the first event in the international Olympic Games. After that, the scale of the ancient Greek Games gradually expanded and became a grand event to show the national spirit. The winner of the competition can get a wreath of laurel, wild olive and palm. From 776 BC to 394 AD, the 293rd Ancient Olympic Games was held in 1 170. It was banned by the Roman emperor until 394 AD.
From 1875 to 188 1, Kutius in Germany excavated cultural relics in Olympic sites, which aroused the interest of the whole world. Therefore, Pierre De Coubertin, a French educator, believes that it is of great significance to restore the tradition of the ancient Greek Olympic Games to promote the development of international sports. Under his advocacy and active running, the first international sports conference was held in Paris in June 1894. The International Sports Congress decided to call the world-wide comprehensive games the Olympic Games, and held the first modern Olympic Games in Athens, Greece in April 1896, which is held every four years in turn in all member countries. This year's Athens Olympic Games is the 28th Olympic Games.
From the ancient Olympic Games to today, the Olympic Games have gone through several centuries. No matter how the world changes, no matter how the venue, athletes and other factors of the Olympic Games change, the Olympic spirit has never changed. "Citius, Altius, Fortius" will always be the belief of every contestant and even all mankind. Faster, higher and stronger. Today, the Olympic purpose, Olympism and Olympic spirit have been deeply rooted in people's hearts. The Olympic five-ring flag, which represents the people of five continents in the world, consists of five Olympic rings, which can be monochrome or blue, yellow, black, green and red. ) Also flying in the blue sky.