Orienteering originated in Sweden. It was originally just a military sports activity. The word "orientation" was first used in 1886, which means: crossing unknown areas with the help of maps and compasses. It has been nearly a hundred years since the first official orienteering competition was held in Scandinavia in 19 19.
Orienteering itself, as a sport, began in northern Europe at the beginning of this century. By 1930s, it had established itself in Finland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. 1932 held the first world orienteering competition. 196 1 the international orienteering Federation (IOF) was established in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are currently 63 member States. FIBA is the administrative entity of world orienteering and one of the federations of international individual sports federations. Orienteering is also an internationally recognized Olympic sport. 1. Orienteering can be divided into two types according to different sports tools;
(1) Orienteering on foot: such as traditional orienteering; Relay orientation; Overall orientation; Night trend; Five-day positioning; Park orientation, etc.
(b) Tool orientation: such as skiing orientation; Mountain bike orientation; Motorcycle orientation and so on.
2. Orienteering can be divided into men's group and women's group according to gender;
3. Orienteering can be divided into youth group, old age group and juvenile group according to different ages;
4. Orienteering can be divided into primary group (experience group and family group), advanced group and elite group according to different technical levels;
5. Orienteering can be divided into individual events, individual events and collective events according to the number of participants.
Therefore, as long as you like rural activities, orienteering will definitely suit you, regardless of gender. The skills are easy to master, and it is a sport that people aged three to eighty can participate in. Orienteering is a very healthy intellectual exercise, which pays equal attention to both intelligence and physical strength. It can not only strengthen the body, but also cultivate people's ability to think independently, solve difficulties independently, react quickly and make decisive decisions under physical and intellectual pressure.
Orienteering is a student sport. Because it cultivates students' ability to analyze and solve problems independently and good logical thinking ability.
Orienteering is a family sport. On weekends, the family will return to nature, relax, entertain themselves and live in harmony. Add fun.
Orienteering is an elite sport. Because it is based on the challenge, dare to try the scheme that has never been tried, and require the highest efficiency from the leg to the brain to achieve the world's top goals.
Orienteering is a very important world military sport. Have your own world champion.
Orienteering is a natural environment movement. Because it teaches you how to behave in nature, control yourself, care for nature and obey the rules of country parks.
Orienteering is a mass sport without any cost. All you need is a good direction map and a compass. Clothing can wear directional professional suits or just ordinary sportswear.
Orienteering is an adventure and treasure hunt. Give you a thrilling life experience.
Orienteering is a social sport to make friends. Here, regardless of gender, age, ethnic background, cultural class and social status, we can communicate with each other and enjoy life.
Therefore, orienteering has attracted the extensive participation of men, women and children, all walks of life and people of all ages all over the world. 1.o-ringen: five days in Sweden. The world's largest standardized orienteering event attracts 65,438+05,000 orienteering athletes from all over the world every year.
2. World Orienteering Championships; World skiing orienteering championship.
3. Orienteering World Cup; Skiing orienteering World Cup.
4. World Youth Orienteering Championship; World Youth Skiing Orienteering Championships.
5. World Senior Orienteering Championship; World advanced skiing orienteering championship. In addition to the number cloth, map and finger card provided by the competition, athletes should also carry a compass. For safety reasons, athletes use whistles. If you take part in orienteering, you should bring a watch.
In terms of clothing, it is better to be light, comfortable and easy to move. Shirts and trousers that are too tight and thick make it difficult for you to move.
Those with less hiking experience can wear hiking shoes to protect their ankles. Experienced athletes can wear sports shoes to participate in the competition. Basically, the shoe body is waterproof and the sole has convex teeth, so it is not easy to slip in the broken sand.
Timing equipment includes mechanical timing equipment and electronic timing equipment, both provided by the competition. Orienteering, skiing orienteering, cycling orienteering and wheelchair orienteering.
Competition type:
Orienteering during the day, orienteering at night, and orienteering alternately day and night;
Competition form:
Individual race, integral race, relay race, multi-day race and team race.
Extension project:
Team events, 100-meter orienteering, LOGO puzzles, etc.
Since the first official orienteering competition was held in Scandinavia in 19 19, this event has developed rapidly in northern Europe and spread all over the world. Orienteering has gradually developed from a single form of competition in the early days to a comprehensive mass sports activity including various competitions or entertainment projects. The common forms of directional movement are as follows:
Cross-country orienteering (usually called orienteering)
This is one of the most widely organized orienteering competitions. Because the success or failure of the competition depends on the individual's ability to read and use maps, field orientation and running, it is suitable for people of all ages and sexes to participate. According to foreign data, the youngest athlete is only eight years old and the oldest is 80 years old, which is really suitable for all ages. In order to increase the interest of the competition, the evaluation methods of the competition results can also be different, such as: individual scores can be counted; Individual running, team performance or individual running, individual and team performance, etc. Orienteering is one of the events officially recognized by the International Orienteering Federation (IOF).
Relay directional movement
Relay orienteering is one of the team orienteering events, and its performance depends on the individual ability of each team member. In the relay race, the route of the race is divided into several sections (generally four in international competitions), and each athlete completes one section. The total score of each section is the total score of the team. In order to facilitate the audience to appreciate the fierce competition between athletes, the relay orienteering venue must be equipped with a "central" station, and the handover of each segment (that is, "changing segments") of athletes is carried out in a tentacle way (without a baton). Therefore, the relay orientation is more ornamental and has been included in the official competition of FIBA.
100m orientation (100m orientation)
100 meter orienteering is a new event in orienteering. The national orienteering championship has proved that 100 meter orienteering has the characteristics of strong appreciation, high technology content, easy participation and easy organization, which can train athletes' agility and running speed. Fitness is also full of fun, and you can learn to read and use pictures. Therefore, 100 meter orienteering is widely praised by orienteering.
Skiing orientation
Skiing orienteering can also be carried out in the form of individuals, teams or relay races. The difference between it and individual orienteering is that athletes need to use ski equipment (non-motorized). The race slide needs to be opened with a motorcycle sled. There are usually multiple slides on the same competition route for players to choose.
Skiing orienteering is also one of the official events of FIBA. Skiing orienteering is very popular in eastern European countries, and many world alpine, cross-country and speed skiers are also masters of skiing orienteering.
Directional movement at night
This is a difficult competition form of orienteering. Because it is held at night, the visibility is poor, which not only increases the difficulty of the game, but also increases the attraction and excitement to the audience and the players themselves. Night orienteering has been included in the official competition of FIBA. The first world night orienteering championship was held in Hungary on1October 27-28, 1986.
Fractional orientation
Overall orientation is usually done in a personal way. Many levels are preset in the competition area, and each level is given different scores according to the difficulty of the terrain, the distance and the relationship between points. Players must find some or all levels within the specified time, and the winner is the one with the highest score and the least time.
Line orientation
The biggest difference between this competition and other competitions is that the route of the competition is clearly marked on the map. Athletes must follow these prescribed routes and mark the locations of checkpoints they meet on the map. The score is determined by the accuracy of drawing the checkpoint position and the length of time spent.
Five-day orientation (O-Ringen 5 days)
This is a particularly attractive activity unique to Sweden. The competition lasts for five days, and the competition route consists of several sections. Record individual scores separately at a time, and finally calculate the total score. In addition to many checkpoints, there are also many camps for athletes to rest with the audience or participate in colorful cultural and recreational activities on the competition routes of tens of kilometers or more than 100 kilometers. In recent years, Swedish "five-day orienteering competition" has been organized very frequently, with more than 65,438+05,000 athletes from all over the world participating in each competition, far exceeding the number of participants in any Olympic Games!
Other directional movements.
In addition, some other forms of orienteering are popular in the world, including official events of the International Orienteering Federation: mountain bike orienteering, wheelchair orienteering and so on. There are also such things as:
School orienteering: A game designed for children in school playgrounds or classrooms and gymnasiums.
Trim orienteering: Set up multiple permanent levels in an area, without specifying the completion time, and find points to give souvenirs as encouragement (see Trim orienteering for details).
World (or international) orienteering festival activities: hold various competitions and related exhibitions, lectures, conferences and other activities in relatively concentrated time periods.
In some countries, people often compete in families and try to use orienteering competitions without transportation, such as riding motorcycles, bicycles, canoes or horseback riding.
In order to popularize and develop orienteering on a global scale, 196 1 In May, 2008, orienteering activists from more than ten countries established the International Orienteering Federation (IOF) in Copenhagen, Denmark, determined the official competition events and formulated a series of competition rules and technical specifications. By the end of 2004, the International Federation had 10 member countries.
In a word, orienteering, as a new sport that can fully exercise people's physical strength and intelligence, its fans have "surpassed football" in northern Europe today; In other countries, it is included in the "compulsory course" of the military or local colleges and universities.
Rules of "Orienteering" Game
You must visit all the landmarks on the designated route in order; Take the IC card at the starting point, punch in the card at the destination, return the IC card at the destination, record the time and get the report. The red pointer of the compass should always be parallel to the red arrow and red vertical line indicating the north on the map. So you won't get lost and always know where you are.
China Student Association Development Plan
In 2002, China Student Orienteering Association was established.
May 2002 National Student Orientation Seminar
June 5438+ 10, 2002 The First National Student Orienteering Competition
In 2003, the number of students participating in orienteering reached the first in the world.
Orienteering was included in the National University Games in 2004.
In 2005, the team participated in the world orienteering championship for the first time.