Fencing originated in medieval Europe. /kloc-in the 0/4th century, dazzling chivalry appeared in Spain, France and Italy. They won a wide reputation for their superb fencing. Since then, aristocrats from all over the world have followed suit, and they have become fashionable in the upper class for a time, so that they have developed to solve disputes between aristocrats, and often draw swords against each other and decide life and death with one sword.
From 1588 to 160 1, the duel in France was a disaster. In 20 years, 8,000 nobles and gentlemen in Paris were killed in the duel. If you don't agree, you will decide to fight. "Let's go to the suburbs" has become the most familiar challenge language. The heavy casualties of the upper class led to the vigilance and fear of the royal family and nobles. Li Sailiu, the prime minister of French King Louis XIII, issued a duel ban, but even the execution of a duke in 1627 failed to quell the duel fever. In order to satisfy people's duel fever without hurting people, people designed a lightsaber with four sides.
Around 1643, King Louis XIV of France made unified regulations on fencing costumes and equipment in France at that time, and made the six swordsmen with the oldest qualifications in Paris hereditary aristocrats, thus creating a precedent for French fencing schools, and fencing took shape as a sports competition.
Fencing has been listed as a formal event since the first Olympic Games 1896. Mr. Pierre De Coubertin, the father of modern Olympics, is an excellent fencer himself. Men's and women's individual events and men's and women's team events of foil, epee and sabre are all official events of the world championships, among which the women's sabre event was first established in 1999.
When it comes to fencing, people will naturally think of "Zorro", a ranger played by Allen Delong. His superb swordsmanship, agile and vigorous body and chivalrous behavior of eliminating violence for the people are unforgettable.
Many novels, plays and movies in Europe and America have descriptions of fencing scenes. For example, there are wonderful fencing scenes in the movie The Revenge of the Prince, the ballet Romeo and Juliet, the comedy A Servant and Two Masters, and the novel The Revenge of Monte Cristo.
Dueling prevailed in medieval Europe. Before the duel, the two sides selected assistants and witnesses to form an arbitration, and they agreed on the time, place and weapons of the duel to deal with the aftermath. If you fight with a sword, both sides should raise their swords and salute each other before the confrontation, indicating that they are "ready". Let's start! "Life and death struggle, but also chivalry, these etiquette has been used down.
Senior generals in some countries also have the habit of wearing short swords in important social occasions, which can reflect the military rank of swordsmen and give people a sense of power.
In the history of Europe, it is said that there have been many swordsmen. Some of them take pleasure in practicing for princes and nobles, some do housework and be bodyguards for the rich, and some show bravery and rob the rich to help the poor. So fencing is highly respected by people.
With the development of science and technology and the use of modern weapons, fencing has gradually lost its military value, become a kind of sports, and is increasingly developing in the direction of physical fitness and performance competitions.
Modern fencing competitions are held on metal runways with length 14m and width 1.8m-2m. The ancient sword fighting was not restricted by this. The shape of the sword used by ancient swordsmen is similar to that of modern epee, and the style of play is the same as that of sabre. The difference is that Gu Jian has three edges. Today, if you play with this sword, it will hurt people. 1776, a Frenchman, La Buesier, invented face protection, which provided protective equipment for fencing. Fencing was listed as an official event in the first modern Olympic Games from 65438 to 0896. After more than 100 years' development, the sport became more and more perfect. In modern fencing competitions, athletes wear white fencing clothes with protective gear, masks and leather gloves inside. The sword has no blade, and the tip of the sword is round with a diameter of 5-8.8 mm, so there will be no injury accident when stabbing. Coupled with strict rules and regulations, fencing has become a wonderful, intense and safe sport.
Fencing has a long history, mystery, elegance, adventure and great fitness value, so it is deeply loved by people all over the world, especially teenagers.
Fencing culture
Sword is a kind of weapon commonly used in ancient times. The shape of sword varies from country to country and changes with the development of history. Swords used in fencing originated in Europe and are divided into foil, epee and sabre. The earliest description of fencing competition can be found in the relief of Madinathab Temple near Luxor, Egypt, which was built by Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses III around 1 190 BC. Ancient Rome fought to the death to please slave owners. In medieval Europe, the sword was a necessary weapon for nobles and knights, from heavy to light. In order to improve the level of fencing, there are many guilds and schools in European countries that teach fencing.
By the late19th century, fencing had become a competitive sport. 1882, France established the first fencing association in the world, 1893, American amateur fencing association was established. Fencing was included in the first Olympic Games in 1896, and it was the only event that allowed professional athletes to participate. The match was played on a fencing mat with a width of about 2m and a length of 14m, with 2m extension belts at both ends. The center line, starting line, warning line and finish line are drawn on the mat, and the swordsman can only move forward or backward, not left or right. The swordsman must wear a metal vest and a mask covering the effective part. When the effective part is stabbed, the electric referee will automatically display a red light or a green light, and the ineffective part will light up with white light.
Foil paper
Also known as lightsaber. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, a short and light sword, the predecessor of foil, appeared in the court abroad, matching the clothes at that time. The sword is made of elastic steel, with a total length of no more than110cm and a maximum weight of 500g. There is a circular armguard with a diameter of 12 cm between the body and the hilt. Only stab, not split. The effective part is the trunk. Electricity will be the referee from 1955. There are four events in the Olympic Games: individual men (included in 1896), group 1904, individual women (included in 1924) and group women (included in 1960).
Heavy fencing
It appeared in the middle of19th century, and was mainly used in combat at first. This sword is made of steel and has a three-diamond shape. The total length does not exceed110cm, and the weight does not exceed170g ... There is a circular armguard with a diameter of 13cm between the blade and the handle. Only stab, not split. The effective part is the whole body, and the arms, legs and feet are the main targets. Electric referee has been used since 193 1. There are four events in the Olympic Games: individual men (included in 1900), team (included in 1908), individual women (included in 1996) and team (included in 1996).
sabre
It was developed from a curved sabre used by Italian G.Radaelli in Hungarian cavalry at the end of 19. The sword is made of steel and has a blade and a back. The total length shall not exceed 105 cm, and the maximum weight shall be 500g. There is a crescent armguard between the sword body and the hilt. You can cut it. The effective parts are upper limbs, head, neck and trunk above the belt. The electric referee has been used since 1989. There are only men's events in the Olympic Games, including individuals (included in 1896) and teams (included in 1908).
In the 27th Olympic Games in 2000, there were 10 events for the above five kinds of swords, and ***200 athletes participated. Each association has a maximum of 3 athletes in each sword category, and each athlete can participate in team competitions in two swords categories at most. In the team competition, 8 teams from each sword category participated in the competition, and the top eight teams in 1999 World Championships qualified. There are about 40 athletes in each sword category in individual events, and there are three ways to qualify for the competition: 1999 World Championships, with eight athletes in each team; According to the ranking table published by the International Fencing Federation before May 2000 1, in addition to the above 24 athletes, 8 athletes were selected (3 in Europe, 2 in Asia, 2 in America and 2 in Africa 1). Seven athletes (2 from Europe, 2 from Asia-Pacific, 2 from America and 65,438+0 from Africa) were selected according to four regional Olympic qualifiers. The host country, Australia, won another five places.