There are three energy supply systems in the process of human exercise, namely ATP- creatine phosphate energy supply system, glycolysis energy supply system and oxidation energy supply system, which can also be divided into aerobic energy supply system and anaerobic energy supply system. All three energy supply systems will be used during exercise, but the energy supply ratio of the three energy supply systems is different under different exercise modes and intensities.
First of all, understand the three energy supply systems and the energy sources during exercise.
1.ATP- creatine phosphate energy supply system and energy.
The content of ATP in muscle is very low, and it can only last 1-3 seconds during strenuous exercise. After that, creatine phosphate in muscle is hydrolyzed to claim ADP, which is further converted into ATP for muscle exercise. The conversion of creatine phosphate into ATP can only last for a few seconds. The whole ATP- creatine phosphate energy supply system can last for about 6-8 seconds.
2. Glycolysis energy supply system.
The glycolysis energy supply system is the second anaerobic energy supply system, and it is the main energy supply system when the human body carries out high-intensity activities lasting about 20 seconds to 2 minutes.
The maintenance time of ATP- creatine phosphate system is too short, and then ATP is mainly synthesized by anaerobic glycolysis of sugar, muscle glycogen and liver glycogen stored in the body to provide energy for the body
Because glycolysis produces a lot of lactic acid when it provides energy to the body, it is easy to cause physical fatigue, so long-term exercise, especially long-term aerobic exercise, mainly relies on aerobic glycolysis to synthesize ATP to provide energy for the body.
3. Aerobic energy supply system.
Compared with anaerobic energy supply system, aerobic energy supply system means that the energy consumed by human body during exercise is converted into ATP through aerobic oxidation of sugar, fat and protein. Generally, in swimming, middle and long distance running, cycling, aerobics, rope skipping and other sports, aerobic energy supply system is the main energy supply method, and the energy supply time is relatively long.
When the aerobic energy supply system provides energy for the body, oxygen can fully supply the body's needs, that is, when exercising, the amount of oxygen inhaled by the human body is equal to the demand, achieving physiological balance.
The energy supply time of aerobic energy supply system is relatively long, generally more than 30 minutes. When the aerobic energy supply system supplies energy to the body, the body is generally doing aerobic exercise.
The storage of ATP, sugar, muscle glycogen, liver glycogen, fat and protein in the body is closely related to diet and exercise.
See the figure below for the comparison of the three major energy supply systems.
Secondly, the difference between sprint and long-distance running in the way of body energy supply.
Sprint generally refers to running 50-400 meters, more than 400 meters, all of which are middle and long distance running, including the whole horse and half horse.
The sprint lasts for a short time, and the body mainly relies on ATP- creatine phosphate energy supply system and glycolysis energy supply system to provide energy for the body, while the proportion of aerobic energy supply system is relatively low. In middle and long distance running, the body mainly relies on aerobic energy supply system to provide energy for the body, while ATP- creatine phosphate energy supply system and glycolysis energy supply system provide much less energy for the body than sprint.
The 400-meter race is the biggest sprint event. In the 400-meter race, the glycolysis energy supply system provides energy for the body, which will produce a lot of lactic acid at the same time. Moreover, because the running time is half less than that of 800 meters, the oxygen intake is insufficient, and the body is not enough to metabolize lactic acid in a short time. So you will feel more tired relatively.