Basic parameters of standard basketball court:
1, length: 28m.
2. Width: 15m.
3. Line width: 0.05m. ..
4. Middle circle: the radius is1.8m. ..
5. Three-point line: 6.75m (6.25m before the opening of 20 10).
6. Free throw line: The distance from the inner edge of the end line to its outermost edge is 5.80 meters.
7. Three-second zone: 4.90m× 5.80m rectangle.
8. Reasonable collision zone: Draw a semicircle of 1.25m from the landing center of the iron ring.
9. Basket: The diameter of the inner edge is at least 0.45m and at most 0.457m.. ..
10, basket height: 3.05 meters.
1 1, the height of the lower edge of the backboard from the ground: 2.90 meters.
12. There is no soil in the basketball court: the plastic floor of the basketball court is widely used now. Soil, cement and asphalt sites are more economical.
Basic terms in basketball field:
1, side and end lines. The long boundary of basketball court is called sideline, and the short boundary is called end line.
2, the center line. There is a line parallel to the end line at the midpoint of the sideline, which is called the midline; The center line shall extend 0.15m (15cm) to the outside of both side lines.
3, the middle circle. Draw a circle with the midpoint of the center line as the center and 1.8m as the radius, which is called the middle circle.
4. Three-point shooting area. It is the ground area defined by two arches on the court.
5. Forbidden area. The marked ground area on the playing field is defined by the end line, the penalty line and two lines starting from the end line (the outer edge of the drawn line is 3 meters away from the midpoint of the end line) and ending at the outer edge of the penalty line. Except for the terminal lines, these lines are all part of the restricted area. The inside of the restricted area can be painted, but it must be the same as the color of the middle circle.
6. Free throw line and free throw area. The free throw line should be parallel to each end line. From the inner edge of the terminal line to its outermost edge, it should be 5.80 meters, and its length is 3.60 meters ... Its midpoint should fall on the imaginary line connecting the midpoints of the two terminal lines.
7. Team seating area. The seating area of the team should be marked on the record sheet, off the court on the same side as the team. Each area is defined by a line extending at least 2 meters from the end line and another line extending 5 meters from the center line and at right angles to the side line and at least 2 meters long. The team seating area must have 14 seats for coaches and substitutes. Any other personnel should be at least 2 meters behind the team seat.
8. Reasonable collision zone. Draw a semicircle of 1.25m from the center where the iron ring touches the ground, which is called a reasonable collision avoidance zone.
Introduction to basketball:
Basketball is one of the antagonistic indoor sports centered on shooting, layup and dunk. The creation time is 1892 1 month (another way of saying it is 189 1 year 65438+February). The founder is Dr. james naismith, who is a teacher at the YMCA Training School in Field, Massachusetts, USA. He is not reforming a sport, but inventing a sport. He just wanted to invent an indoor sport for the students of the International Christian Training Institute, and his invention caused a positive response.
At first, he nailed two baskets of peaches at both ends of the stands upstairs in the school gymnasium, used football as a game tool and threw the peaches into the baskets. Later, it was changed into a hoop and hung on the Internet. Later, I cut the net and made the basket look like today. In order to improve basketball, a new sport, he formulated the rule of 18 in 1892, and then gradually revised and added the terms, and the number of people gradually decreased until each team required five people, which became a modern basketball sport.
The basic rules of playing basketball:
1, competition mode. There are five people in a team, one of whom is the captain and at most seven substitutes, but the number can be increased according to the organizer. The game is divided into two halves, each half is 20 minutes, and the intermission is 10 minutes. At the end of the game, if the scores of the two teams are the same, overtime will be played for 5 minutes. If the score is still the same after 5 minutes, a 5-minute overtime will be played again until the tie is broken.
2. The type of score. After the ball is thrown into the basket and approved by the referee, it is counted as a score. 3 points can be scored for the inner input of the branch line; You can get 3 points for shooting outside the three-point line and 1 point for free throws.
3. How to proceed. At the beginning of the game, each team selects a jumper to the central jumper area, the referee throws the ball, and the jumpers from both sides start the game.
4. Player replacement. The substitution of each player should be completed within 20 seconds, and the number of substitutions is unlimited. The time to exchange players is when someone fouls, fights for the ball, calls a timeout, etc. The referee can temporarily suspend the timing of the game.
5. Free throws. Each player has four chances to be allowed to foul, and the fifth time he leaves the field. And cannot be played again in the same game. Free throw is shooting when no one can stop or defend it. It is a punishment for the offending party and an opportunity for the opposing party. Stand behind the free throw line and shoot within 5 seconds after receiving the referee's ball. After shooting, you can't cross the free throw line before the ball touches the basket.
6. Violation.
(1) Common violations: such as walking with the ball, dribbling twice, kicking the ball or hitting the ball with your fist.
(2) Jump ball violation: Before the jumper touches the ball, no one except the jumper is allowed to enter the central area of the jump ball.
Advanced rules of playing basketball:
1 30 second rule. When the attacker controls the ball on the court, he must shoot within 30 seconds (24 seconds in NBA and 35 seconds in NCAA).
2, 10 second rule. The team must control the ball from the backcourt and make the ball enter the frontcourt (the opposing half) within 10 seconds.
Three, five seconds rule. After holding the ball, the player must throw the foul ball within 5 seconds. FIBA rules stipulate that free throws must also be made within 5 seconds (NBA rules are 10 seconds).
Four or three seconds rule. When a team is in possession of the ball, the players must not stay in the opponent's restricted area for more than 3 seconds.
5. Personal foul. Foul behavior caused by physical contact with the other side.
6. Technical foul. A player or coach is convicted of a foul because of poor performance, such as an argument with the referee.
7. Cancel the foul of the game. A foul action made by an athlete that does not reflect the spirit of the athlete, such as hitting someone. When this happens, the player should be sent off immediately.
8. This player fouled five times. Regardless of personal foul or technical foul, the player must leave the field for ***5 fouls (6 in the NBA) and is not allowed to play again.
9. Violation. It is neither a personal foul nor a technical foul. The main violations are: illegal dribbling; Take the ball away; 3 seconds violation; Take the ball out of bounds.
10, player out of bounds. The ball is out of bounds when the player touches the boundary or the area outside the boundary with the ball or the ball itself. The ball doesn't go out of bounds in the air until it hits the line or out of line.
1 1, interference ball. When the shot ball falls to the basket, neither player can touch the ball. Defenders must not touch the ball when it is in the basket.
Precautions for playing basketball:
1, warm-up exercises should be done before playing basketball, such as jogging around the field, moving limbs, dribbling and passing. When the body warms up in advance and enters the state, the chance of injury will be reduced.
In basketball, the most vulnerable parts are teeth, fingers, knees and ankles. To avoid injury, cut your nails short before playing ball, and then put on braces and knee pads. And during the whole game, pay attention to open your nails when passing the ball and twist your ankles when turning around.
3. When rebounding, be sure to pay attention to the position under your feet. Don't hurt your knees and ankles by stepping on empty space. In addition, try to reduce collisions with opponents. If you must collide, use the strongest part of your body to avoid hurting other fragile parts.
4. When defending, the best way to avoid the player who ran past the other side hitting the inside of the knee is to approach the ball from the side. Don't worry too much about being knocked down. Stand up and see if you can walk. It doesn't matter if you just walk and run. If you feel pain or difficulty moving, don't deal with it immediately. Go to the hospital for examination and treatment after the game to avoid future trouble.