The standard height of Chinese astronauts is about 1.70 meters and the weight is about 65 kilograms.

This is the normal figure of China people of this age. Su Shuangning said that this standard, on the one hand, is to broaden the choice, on the other hand, considering that the space of the spacecraft is extremely limited, a smaller fuselage can make more space for the spacecraft. On the spacecraft, every additional gram of payload requires a lot of thrust, which is very expensive.

From the point of view of human physiology, people with short stature will have stronger impact resistance of the spine.

After all, there is still a big gap between space flight and fighter flight. Su Shuangning said that the reason for such a high standard selection is because the environment faced by astronauts is even worse. During the ascent of the spacecraft, astronauts have to bear the noise and overweight caused by rocket acceleration-sometimes more than five times the weight of astronauts; In the on-orbit flight phase, astronauts will face the test of weightlessness and cosmic radiation; In the return phase, astronauts will be tested by overweight and high heat again-when the spacecraft re-enters the atmosphere, the high-speed return capsule will rub against the atmosphere, resulting in a high temperature of several thousand degrees Celsius. Although the return capsule adopts high-efficiency heat-proof materials, it still cannot avoid a certain degree of temperature rise; At the moment of landing, the astronauts have to accept the final test: landing impact.

Therefore, these elite pilots have undergone extremely strict physical examination and psychological test.

The first is clinical medical examination. Unlike the physical examination of ordinary people, the physical examination of astronauts needs hospitalization, which takes about one month. During this period, the hospital will use all modern means to check the astronauts item by item to eliminate potential diseases, such as hereditary diseases. Astronauts' spouses should also be examined in detail.

During several years of training, the astronauts' physical condition has been closely monitored by aerospace medical engineering researchers. Their spouses must also undergo specific examinations frequently.

Followed by a special physiological function check related to space flight that lasted for more than 20 days. At this stage, candidates must undergo an overweight test of 8 times their weight in a centrifuge, check their vestibular function in a rapidly rotating swivel chair that constantly changes direction, undergo an hypoxia tolerance test in a low-pressure cabin, and maintain a low body negative pressure. ...

Psychological quality is another key point in astronaut selection. In astronaut selection, candidates should demonstrate their ability to master complex operational skills, as well as their ability to quickly find, accurately judge and calmly handle emergencies in different scenarios. At the same time, we have to accept the psychological questionnaire test carefully designed by domestic psychologists.

Su Shuangning said that even the International Space Station is much smaller than the ordinary two rooms and one living room. The space inside the manned spacecraft is only equivalent to the size of an ordinary bathroom. In order to live and work independently for a long time and complete scientific experiments, astronauts must have extraordinary "strong nerves" in the face of unpredictable risks in space.

Three-stage training

Being selected only has the basic qualities of becoming an astronaut; In order to become qualified astronauts, these pilots must receive extremely strict training.

As the epitome of space science and technology, the operation of spacecraft is naturally extremely professional. In addition, the special environment of weightlessness in space, the high technology and difficulty of space science experiments, and the complexity of handling various situations all require the professional knowledge and technology of astronauts. In addition, the spacecraft can only carry two or three people, so each astronaut is required to complete quite a lot of operations, scientific experiments and situation handling independently.

Su Shuangning said that the training of astronauts is divided into three stages:

The first stage is basic theory training. At this stage, astronauts should learn flight dynamics, aerodynamics, geophysics, meteorology, astronomy and astronautics, as well as design principles, structure, navigation control, communication, equipment testing, aerospace medical knowledge and so on. The requirements for learning are much higher and stricter than those in universities.

The second stage is professional skills training. Astronauts should be familiar with the structure and composition of the spacecraft, the working principle and mode of each system of the spacecraft.

The third stage is flight procedures and mission training. Astronauts should be familiar with the whole process of space round-trip from entering the spacecraft to launching, orbiting, returning and landing on the same training simulator as the real spacecraft and according to the space flight procedures.

In this training process, coaches often deliberately set up various sudden failures for astronauts to test and improve their ability to find, judge and eliminate failures.

Life-saving skills training is also the most important part of astronaut training. If the spacecraft return capsule fails to land in the scheduled landing area due to unexpected reasons, the astronauts must actively save themselves when the ground search and rescue team cannot rush to the scene to provide rescue. Su Shuangning said that at present, these astronauts have received life-saving skills training under various terrain and meteorological conditions such as sea, desert and jungle.

As the content of basic aerospace training, physical training and endurance training in special environment run through these three training stages.