The opening and closing of modern prosthetic socket is very accurate. Generally, weight gain or loss of more than 3kg will cause the socket to be too tight or too loose, making the socket unsuitable. Lower limb amputees wear it, and the energy of the water pump is much higher than that of normal people. The higher the amputation level, the greater the weight and the greater the energy consumed. The ratio of the length of the residual limb to the transverse diameter of the residual limb decreases, the shape of the residual limb is close to hemispherical, and the leverage of the residual limb is weakened, which is not conducive to the compensatory function. Therefore, it is very important to keep a proper weight.

2. Prevent muscle atrophy of residual limb

The training of residual limbs and muscles is often neglected. If these muscles are not trained, the residual limb will continue to shrink, which is unfavorable to the adaptation and function of the prosthetic socket. Leg amputees should train the muscles of leg stump, and the specific method is to do the extension and flexion training of phantom limb pain. Thigh amputees should train the muscles of the thigh stump by training the extension and flexion of the knee joint of the phantom limb, that is, training the remaining quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles to prevent the muscles of the thigh stump from atrophy.

3. Prevent swelling of residual limbs and fat deposition.

When an amputee wearing a prosthetic limb is not wearing a prosthetic limb, elastic bandages should be used for the residual limb, especially when this problem or the prosthetic limb cannot be worn for some reason. This is a good way to prevent swelling and fat deposition of residual limbs.

4. Keep the skin of stump and prosthetic socket clean.

Prevent redness, hypertrophy, keratinization, folliculitis, furuncle, ulcer, allergy and dermatitis of residual limb skin. Cleaning socks and cavities frequently is very important to keep the skin of residual limbs healthy. (The author is a professor at China Disabled Persons' Federation Beijing Pok Oi Hospital)