Prevention is the key to control coronary heart disease. Although coronary heart disease is a common and frequently-occurring disease in middle-aged and elderly people, the pathological basis of its atherosclerosis originated in childhood, and these decades have provided extremely valuable opportunities for prevention. Primary prevention, prevent the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis, and eliminate coronary heart disease in the bud; Secondary prevention, improve the early detection rate of coronary heart disease in the whole community, strengthen treatment, prevent the development of the disease and strive for its reversal; Three-level prevention, timely control of complications, improve the quality of life of patients, prolong life.
The primary prevention of coronary heart disease is the intervention of risk factors. To prevent coronary heart disease, we can adopt two prevention strategies: the whole people and the high-risk population. The former is to reduce the average risk factors of a population, region or country by changing the life and behavior habits, social structure and economic factors related to the risk factors of coronary heart disease. The latter aims to reduce the level of recognized risk factors (such as hypertension, smoking, etc.) 1 or above. ) has a clear causal relationship with coronary heart disease, thus effectively reducing the occurrence of coronary heart disease. At present, the recognized risk factors of coronary heart disease include men over 40 years old, middle-aged and elderly people, family history of premature coronary heart disease, smoking (current smoking > 10 cigarettes/day), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, severe obesity (overweight > 30%), and clear past history of cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular obstruction. Among them, hypertension, high cholesterol and smoking are considered as the three main risk factors of coronary heart disease. Except gender, age and family history, other risk factors can be prevented and treated.
Coronary heart disease begins in children, and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions is a long process. Therefore, we must develop good living habits and healthy lifestyles from an early age. The diet should be reasonable, avoid eating too much fat and a lot of sweets, strengthen physical exercise and prevent obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. Overweight and obese people should take the initiative to reduce calorie intake and strengthen exercise. Patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes should not only pay attention to the intervention of risk factors, but also actively control blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid. Second, measures to prevent coronary heart disease
No smoking.
Eat only a small amount of butter, cream and all kinds of greasy food.
Reduce the amount of meat you are used to eating, remove the fat from the meat you eat, and eat cooked meat instead of fried meat.
Eat only three eggs a week at most.
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, but keep a balanced diet.
Reduce salt intake. Low salt intake can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of coronary artery disease.
Exercise regularly. There is evidence that strenuous exercise two or three times a week can reduce the risk of heart disease. But because it is dangerous to do strenuous exercise suddenly, you must start to implement your exercise plan step by step.
Respond to mental stress and seek various ways to mediate the stress in life. You can cultivate hobbies, or relax the tension in daily life through exercise.
Control hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.
Check regularly and follow the doctor's advice.
What is the relationship between eating habits and coronary heart disease?
Bad eating habits and unreasonable dietary structure are closely related to the occurrence of "modern diseases". According to a large-scale population survey, unreasonable dietary structure and secondary abnormal apolipoprotein are important factors causing atherosclerosis.
A large number of epidemiological survey data show that there is a close relationship between eating habits and coronary heart disease, and the incidence of coronary heart disease in vegetarians with high cholesterol has increased significantly.
Fourth, quitting smoking and eating less fatty foods can reduce the incidence of heart disease.
A survey conducted by the United Nations in 265,438+0 countries shows that reducing smoking and eating high-fat foods has achieved results and reduced the incidence of heart disease. In addition, surgeons have adopted a greatly improved surgical method for coronary heart disease.
What is the relationship between climate change and coronary heart disease?
In cold weather or winter and spring, the incidence of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction will increase. The three optimal factors related to coronary heart disease are: temperature, daily variation (the difference of daily average temperature between two adjacent days) and average wind speed. Continuous low temperature, rainy and windy weather is easy to get sick. In addition, the annual average air pressure varies significantly in different periods, and the incidence rate is high when the air pressure is low.
In cold, humid and windy weather, the high incidence of coronary heart disease is due to cold stimulation, especially running in the wind, which is easy to excite sympathetic nerves, increase heart rate, raise blood pressure, contract systemic blood vessels, increase peripheral resistance and increase myocardial oxygen consumption. At the same time, it can also induce coronary artery spasm, make the lumen continuously occluded, or squeeze plaque to damage the intima. Platelet aggregation and thrombosis can cause acute occlusion of the lumen and acute myocardial infarction.
Therefore, in the high incidence season, patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to keep warm and keep out the cold, reduce outdoor activities and prevent diseases.
What should patients with coronary heart disease pay attention to in winter and spring?
Through a large number of epidemiological investigations, it is found that climate change can induce acute myocardial infarction in patients with coronary heart disease. In late autumn, early winter and early spring, the air pressure, wind speed and temperature difference in most parts of China are extremely unbalanced, and the changeable climate may lead to vasospasm of the heart, which directly affects the blood supply of the heart itself; Moreover, in the cold season, colds and bronchitis often occur, which is very unfavorable to patients with coronary heart disease and is often the main cause of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to the following problems in winter and spring:
(1) Besides taking commonly used drugs for coronary heart disease, you should also prepare first-aid drugs such as health care box and oxygen.
(2) If angina occurs frequently, stay in bed in time and go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time.
(3) Insist on participating in physical exercises within your power, such as outdoor walking, Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong, etc. However, in case of sudden cold, blizzard, strong wind and other weather changes, you should stay indoors for activities, and change clothes and bedding in time according to the temperature changes to keep warm.
(4) Avoid fatigue, nervousness and emotional excitement, participate in social activities and long-distance travel as little as possible, and properly control sexual life.
(5) Advocate taking a bath with warm water to improve the cold resistance of the skin, and actively prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections such as colds and tracheitis.
Seven, the elderly patients with coronary heart disease rehabilitation exercise.
The elderly should listen to the doctor's guidance and exercise properly.
Exercise should be light, such as rotating limbs, bending knees, swinging arms, moving neck and shoulder joints, sitting up, then getting out of bed, lying in a chair, eating, washing and going to the toilet by yourself, and gradually increasing the activity to reach or approach the range of activities before infarction.
Walking is the most convenient way to exercise. Visit more friends and have fun. Try to avoid running and jumping, because sometimes it will cause adverse reactions such as postural hypotension.
Elderly patients have poor sweating reaction and slow heat dissipation, so they are not heat-resistant. Therefore, when the temperature is high or the humidity is high, they should stop exercising.
What are the types of coronary heart disease?
Clinical types of coronary heart disease
Clinical classification is based on the classification of the World Health Organization, namely: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden death; Angina can be divided into fatigue angina and spontaneous angina.
(1) Angina pectoris can be divided into three categories: first, new angina pectoris; The second is stable angina pectoris; The third is to aggravate exertional angina pectoris.
(2) Spontaneous angina pectoris generally refers to angina pectoris at rest. Among them, angina pectoris with ST segment elevation is called variant angina pectoris.
Nine, how to find coronary heart disease early?
Coronary heart disease is a common and frequently-occurring disease in middle-aged and elderly people. People of this age should seek medical advice in time to find coronary heart disease as soon as possible if the following situations occur in their daily lives.
(1) Chest tightness or constrictive pain in the posterior sternum or precordial region occurs when you are tired or nervous, and it will be radiated to the left shoulder and left upper arm for 3-5 minutes, and then it will be relieved by itself after rest.
(2) Chest tightness, palpitation and shortness of breath during physical activity will be relieved automatically during rest.
(3) Headache, toothache and leg pain related to exercise.
(4) Chest pain and palpitation when having a full meal, catching a cold or watching a thrilling movie.
(5) Those who feel chest tightness and hold their breath when sleeping with a low pillow at night and need a high pillow to feel comfortable; Those who suddenly have chest pain, palpitation and dyspnea when sleeping or lying flat during the day and need to sit up or stand up immediately to relieve them.
(6) Palpitation, chest tightness, shortness of breath or chest pain during sexual life or forced defecation.
(7) Hearing noise can cause palpitation and chest tightness.
(8) Recurrent irregular pulse and unexplained tachycardia or bradycardia.
In order to detect coronary heart disease as early as possible, people over the age of 40 should do the following tests regularly:
If the test results are abnormal or there are other risk factors of coronary heart disease, blood cholesterol should be tested once or more every five years.
Check your blood pressure and blood sugar once a year.
If you belong to the high-risk group of coronary heart disease, you should ask a doctor to see if you need an electrocardiogram. If further examination is needed, the doctor will arrange an exercise test to measure the electrocardiogram when stepping on a stationary bicycle or treadmill.
Coronary angiography is the most reliable method to diagnose coronary heart disease.
X. Is coronary heart disease a genetic disease?
A large number of epidemiological studies at home and abroad show that the incidence of coronary heart disease has obvious familial characteristics. The prevalence rate of children with one parent suffering from coronary heart disease is twice that of normal parents; The prevalence rate of children with both parents suffering from coronary heart disease is four times that of normal parents; If both parents suffer from coronary heart disease when they are young, their close relatives are five times more likely to get sick than families without this condition.
The pathogenesis is unclear, which may be related to the following factors:
(1) Familial hyperlipidemia caused by autosomal dominant inheritance is one of the reasons why these family members are prone to this disease.
(2) Some risk factors of coronary heart disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and personality characteristics, all tend to be transmitted, which is an important factor that cannot be ignored by family members.
(3) The influence of bad living habits of the same family, such as the same eating habit of high fat, high calorie and high salt, and the bad habit of parents smoking leading to children smoking or passive smoking, can all cause the family tendency of coronary heart disease. More scholars believe that coronary heart disease has obvious family characteristics and is the result of many factors. Genetic factors are its internal causes, and only by combining with other risk factors can the incidence of coronary heart disease be increased.
Eleven, patients with coronary heart disease will have ECG changes? Is it necessary to have coronary heart disease with ECG changes?
When you often feel stuffy pain in the precordial area and the ECG results are normal, you may be relieved that you have no coronary heart disease, but you must not take it lightly. Because a normal electrocardiogram cannot rule out the existence of heart disease.
We should know that ECG examination is not a very sensitive method for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. In the non-onset period of coronary heart disease, the detection rate of ECG is only 30% ~ 50%, and more than 50% of patients have normal ECG performance.
In addition, the heart and coronary circulation have great compensatory ability, and it is sometimes difficult to find abnormalities at rest and at rest. It is often necessary to increase the exercise test of heart load to find the real change of ECG.
But when you see some medical terms on the ECG report, don't worry, think you have heart disease, because a single ECG can't easily diagnose coronary heart disease, because many diseases, such as cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, autonomic nervous dysfunction and so on. It can produce the same ECG manifestations as coronary heart disease.
So ECG is not a very specific method to diagnose coronary heart disease. Although ECG examination is an important clinical reference for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, it is not the only diagnostic standard. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease can only be comprehensively judged according to the medical history, symptoms and some special examinations.
What should patients with coronary heart disease pay attention to when exercising?
Although exercise is good for patients with coronary heart disease, it is not uncommon for improper exercise to bring harm to patients with coronary heart disease. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease must pay attention to the following issues when participating in sports:
(1) Avoid emotional excitement before and after exercise. Mental stress and emotional excitement can increase catecholamine in blood and reduce the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. In addition, exercise may lead to the risk of ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, for patients with angina pectoris within 3 days and half a year after myocardial infarction, it is not appropriate to do more strenuous exercise.
(2) It is not advisable to have a full meal before exercise. Because the blood supply in the body needs to be redistributed after eating, the blood flowing to the gastrointestinal tract to help digestion increases, while the blood supply to the heart is relatively reduced, which is easy to cause relatively insufficient blood supply to the coronary artery, thus causing angina pectoris.
(3) Exercise should be gradual and persistent. People who don't usually exercise should not suddenly engage in strenuous exercise.
(4) Avoid wearing too thick during exercise, which will affect heat dissipation and increase heart rate. Increased heart rate will increase myocardial oxygen consumption.
(5) Avoid taking a hot bath immediately after exercise. Because the whole body is soaked in hot water, it will inevitably cause a large area of blood vessels to dilate and reduce the blood supply to the heart.
(6) Avoid smoking after exercise.
Thirteen, why do some patients have angina pectoris when they are tired, while others occur during rest or sleep?
Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome caused by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, which is characterized by paroxysmal chest pain or chest discomfort. There are usually two situations: absolute decrease of coronary blood supply and sudden increase of myocardial oxygen demand.
The most common basic cause of angina pectoris is coronary artery stenosis caused by coronary atherosclerosis. Under normal circumstances, the narrow coronary artery can provide the required blood oxygen for the myocardium when it is quiet, but when it is under heavy load or emotional excitement, the oxygen consumption of the myocardium suddenly increases, and the elasticity of the coronary artery with atherosclerosis decreases, which can not fully expand and supply enough blood to the myocardium, leading to myocardial hypoxia and angina pectoris.
Clinically, we often meet another kind of patients, who often have angina pectoris attacks at rest, and the myocardial oxygen consumption does not increase, but it rarely or does not increase at work. This is because patients with angina pectoris often have spontaneous or induced spasms in the main coronary artery at rest. Coronary angiography clearly proves this. The occurrence of angina pectoris at rest does not mean that the degree of coronary atherosclerosis is necessarily more serious than angina pectoris. Coronary artery spasm can also occur in completely normal coronary arteries, but generally there are different degrees of atherosclerosis. The occurrence of coronary artery spasm may be related to the dysfunction of autonomic nervous system and the over-sensitivity of arterial wall in atherosclerotic plaque to neurohumoral factors. Some intermediate metabolites of prostaglandin may also cause coronary artery spasm.
Fourteen, how to check the pulse
Superficial artery is usually used for pulse, and the most commonly used part is the radial artery near the wrist of thumb. If you can't touch this place because of some special circumstances, you can use the superficial temporal artery before the ear, the carotid arteries on both sides of the neck, the brachial artery, the femoral artery and the dorsal foot artery. Before checking the pulse, let the patient rest for 10~ 15 minutes and keep quiet.
Patients can take a sitting position or a lying position, and put their hands flat in a suitable position. Check the index finger, middle finger and ring finger and discharge them on the radial artery near the patient's wrist. The pressure is appropriate and the pulse can be clearly felt. Be careful not to use the thumb to feel the pulse, because the thumb itself has a strong arterial pulse, which is easily confused with the patient's pulse.
Generally speaking, you can count the pulse for half a minute and then multiply it by 2, which is the pulse number for one minute. For critically ill patients, patients whose heart rate is too fast or too slow should count to one minute. When checking the pulse, pay attention to the changes of its speed, rhythm and intensity.
15. What are the methods for diagnosing coronary heart disease?
(1) Clinical manifestations: Angina pectoris is the main clinical symptom of coronary heart disease. According to the location, nature, inducement, duration, remission mode and accompanying symptoms and signs, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction can be distinguished. It can be said that typical symptoms and signs are very important for the diagnosis of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
(2) ECG: ECG is the earliest, most commonly used and most basic diagnostic method in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Easy to use and popularize. When the patient's condition changes, it can capture the changes in time, and can continuously observe and carry out various load tests to improve its diagnostic sensitivity. No matter angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, there are typical ECG changes.
(4) Radionuclide myocardial imaging: According to the medical history, when angina pectoris cannot be ruled out by ECG examination, this top examination can be done. Radionuclide myocardial imaging can show the ischemic area and determine the location and scope of ischemia. Re-imaging combined with exercise test can improve the detection rate.
(5) Coronary angiography: It is the current "gold standard" for diagnosing coronary heart disease. It can be clear whether there is coronary artery stenosis, the location, degree and scope of stenosis, and can guide the measures to be taken for further treatment. Combined with left ventricular angiography, cardiac function can be evaluated.
(6) Ultrasound and intravascular ultrasound: Echocardiography can examine the heart shape, wall motion and left ventricular function, and it is one of the most commonly used examination methods at present. Intravascular ultrasound is a promising new technology, which can determine the shape and stenosis of coronary artery. It is especially suitable for patients who are allergic to contrast media and cannot do coronary angiography.
(7) Myocardial enzymology examination: It is one of the important means for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. According to the sequence changes of serum enzyme concentration and the increase of specific isoenzymes, acute myocardial infarction can be diagnosed clearly.
(8) Blood pool imaging: It can be used to observe the dynamic images of ventricular wall contraction and relaxation, and has important reference value for determining the movement of ventricular wall and cardiac function.
XVI. Treatment
The treatment of recessive coronary heart disease lies in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
When angina pectoris attacks, you should immediately stop moving. You can take 0.3 ~ 0.6 mg nitroglycerin or 5 ~ 10 mg isosorbide nitrate sublingually for 2 minutes, or crush 0.2 ml isoamyl nitrite and inhale it for more than 0/0 second. The side effects of these drugs include dizziness, blushing and occasional blood pressure drop, which is taboo for glaucoma patients. If patients have frequent attacks, they can take long-acting nitrates orally, such as isosorbide dinitrate. Propranolol can also be used for postpartum angina pectoris. Angina pectoris induced by physical labor or emotional excitement is called stable angina pectoris if the nature, frequency and time of pain attacks are almost the same within 1 ~ 3 months. The symptoms of angina pectoris are developing, but the condition is unstable or has recently occurred. If the attack increases within a few days or weeks, it is called unstable angina pectoris. Variant angina pectoris is a kind of unstable angina pectoris. Propranolol is safe and effective in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris. Clinical reports show that propranolol combined with isosorbide dinitrate is more effective than single drug. Propranolol has antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects, so it is more suitable for patients with coronary heart disease accompanied by hypertension or arrhythmia. Calcium orange antagonists, such as propranolol and propranolol, can dilate coronary arteries in patients with stable angina pectoris and variant angina pectoris. Some people think that the effect of propranolol plus nifedipine is better than that of a drug. Maidaoming is an anti-angina drug that dilates blood vessels, 2 mg per tablet. It takes effect 2-4 seconds after sublingual administration or chewing, and can prevent angina pectoris. It lasts for 6-7 hours after oral administration. Side effects are headache and head swelling, but they are rare. Strong sublingual or oral action, not exceeding 1 mg each time. It can be used for patients with angina pectoris because it has the functions of dilating coronary artery and anticoagulation. Generally, Danshen tablets can be taken orally or intramuscularly for 2ml, twice a day. If angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction often occurs, it can be intravenously dripped once a day, and the dosage is 8- 10ml. Persephone has anticoagulant effect, and it is taken orally for 25-50mg, three times a day. If the above measures cannot relieve angina pectoris, surgical treatment such as coronary artery bypass grafting can be used.
When acute myocardial infarction, you must stay in bed 1 ~ 2 weeks. If the condition is stable, you can do physical exercise in bed for 3 to 4 weeks, or help the patient sit up in bed. After 4 weeks, you can get out of bed gradually and walk slowly indoors. Some people advocate that you can get out of bed in the first week, but for patients with serious illness or well bleeding, it is best to stay in bed for a long time. If you have pain, arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency and shock, you must actively treat it. It can be administered intravenously, or a catheter can be inserted into a coronary artery and filled with streptokinase. Acute myocardial infarction is the most serious type of coronary heart disease, with great risk. If there are serious complications, the mortality rate is particularly high, which used to be 80%. With the improvement of treatment method, it has been reduced to about 10 ~ 15%.
Health guide:
1. Regular life: Go to bed early and get up early, avoid staying up late to work, and don't watch scary novels and TV before going to bed.
2. Physical and mental happiness: mental stress and emotional fluctuation can induce angina pectoris. You should avoid anger, panic, overthinking and overjoy. Cultivate good habits such as raising flowers and fish, nourish feelings and adjust emotions.
3. Diet adjustment: Overeating greasy, fat and sugar will promote the deposition of cholesterol on the arterial wall and accelerate arteriosclerosis, so it is not appropriate to overeat. Diet should be light, eat more digestible food, have plenty of vegetables and fruits, eat less and eat more meals, and eat less at dinner. Obese patients should control their food intake to reduce the burden on their hearts.
4. Quit smoking and drink less: Smoking is an important factor causing myocardial infarction and stroke, and you should definitely quit smoking. Drinking a small amount of low-alcohol wine such as beer, yellow wine and wine can promote blood circulation and reconcile qi and blood. Hard liquor is forbidden. Do not drink strong tea or coffee.
5. Combination of work and rest: You should avoid excessive physical labor or sudden exertion, and don't be overworked. Walk slowly, climb the stairs and ride a bike, otherwise it will cause the heart rate to increase, blood pressure to rise, and induce angina pectoris. It is not advisable to exercise after a full meal. Cold will make blood vessels contract, reduce blood supply to myocardium and cause pain, so pay attention to keep warm. Sexual life is highly stimulating, blood circulation is accelerated, the whole body needs more blood, and coronary artery blood supply is relatively insufficient, which is prone to angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, so strict control is appropriate. After the complete recovery of myocardial infarction, sexual intercourse should be controlled at 1 ~ 2 times a month.
6. Proper rest: It is best to lie down and rest for a while when angina pectoris attacks. You can work normally, but don't overwork. After the diagnosis of myocardial infarction is clear, you should lie flat in bed. Within two weeks, all the patients' life activities are completed with the help of others, and it is absolutely forbidden to turn over, because turning over will increase the burden on the heart and lead to rupture of the myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest. It is advisable to urinate in bed to keep urine unobstructed. If there are no serious complications, usually stay in bed for 2 ~ 3 weeks and stay in bed for 3 ~ 4 times a day. If there is no change after a week, you can get out of bed and sit in a chair for about half an hour, three or four times a day. In another week, you can take a walk in the bedroom. Long-term bed rest is not good for heart recovery and requires proper exercise. You can do light manual labor in three months.
7. Physical exercise: Exercise should be chosen according to your physical condition and hobbies, such as playing Tai Ji Chuan, table tennis, aerobics, practicing the Eighteen Methods, etc. Do what you can, make the whole body circulate blood and reduce the burden on the heart.
8. Active treatment: adhere to the necessary drug treatment and control diseases that can aggravate coronary heart disease, such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
9. First aid for sudden death: When sudden death occurs, you should race against time for first aid, and immediately carry out chest massage and artificial respiration. Lie the patient on his back on a wooden board or the ground, knock the patient's left chest two or three times with his fist, hold the patient's nostril, and blow 1 time from mouth to mouth for 1 second, then press the heel of one hand (the other hand is overlapped on the hand) at the junction of 1/3 and 2/3 under the sternum, straighten your elbows and press down vertically. Breathe again 1 time, press the heart 5 times, and so on. General artificial respiration every minute 16 ~ 18 times, heart compression 80 ~ 90 times. Need medical staff to the scene to rescue.
Nutrient source
1, fat has an unshirkable responsibility: epidemiological survey results show that the total intake of dietary fat is directly proportional to the incidence and mortality of atherosclerosis. In areas where fat intake accounts for more than 40% of total thermal energy, the incidence of atherosclerosis among residents has increased significantly. The total amount of dietary fat is the main factor affecting the concentration of cholesterol in blood, so excessive fat intake is an important factor leading to coronary heart disease.
2. Cholesterol is a risk factor for coronary heart disease: the serum cholesterol concentration of patients with coronary heart disease is significantly higher than that of normal people. Clinical studies have found that the concentration of serum cholesterol in residents with high incidence of coronary heart disease is much higher than that in people with low incidence, and the intake of cholesterol in diet is directly proportional to the incidence of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the higher the intake of cholesterol, the higher the amount absorbed by the human body and the higher the probability of inducing coronary heart disease.
Diet regulation
1. Provide proper heat energy: With the increase of age after middle age, physical activity and other activities decrease relatively, and the basal metabolic rate also decreases. Therefore, the heat energy required every day is correspondingly reduced. If you are overweight, you should reduce the supply of heat energy to lose weight, and maintaining the ideal weight is the goal of dietary nutrition to prevent coronary heart disease. Many patients with coronary heart disease often suffer from overweight or obesity, so we should limit the intake of heat energy in food or increase energy consumption to keep the weight within the ideal range.
2. Control the fat intake: Under normal circumstances, the daily fat intake should account for less than 30% of the total calories. Appropriately increasing the supply of unsaturated fatty acids and reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids, the cholesterol in food should be controlled below 300 mg per day, which can reduce the serum cholesterol level to some extent and prevent blood coagulation.
3. Limit cholesterol intake: High cholesterol is a powerful inducing factor for coronary heart disease. If the content of dietary cholesterol is not restricted, it will not only aggravate symptoms, but also induce other diseases. As a preventive diet, it should not exceed 300 mg per day, and the therapeutic diet should not exceed 200 mg per day. Foods with high cholesterol are forbidden. The cholesterol content of river fish or marine fish is low, such as herring, grass carp, carp, soft-shelled turtle, yellow croaker, pomfret and hairtail.
4, the supply of appropriate carbohydrates: especially obese or hyperlipidemia patients need more attention. Polysaccharides, such as dietary fiber, sitosterol and pectin, should be selected to reduce cholesterol. Obese people should limit staple food and eat more foods with high dietary fiber such as coarse grains, vegetables and fruits, which is conducive to the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease.
5, supplement minerals and vitamins: eat more fresh green leafy vegetables, especially dark vegetables, these foods are rich in carotene and vitamin C, fruits are rich in vitamin C, containing a lot of pectin. Hawthorn is rich in vitamin C and carrots, which has obvious coronary artery dilating and sedative effects. Kelp, laver, Nostoc flagelliforme and auricularia auricula are rich in methionine, potassium, calcium and iodine, which are beneficial to the treatment of coronary heart disease. In addition, vegetables contain a lot of cellulose, which can reduce the absorption of cholesterol.
Food choice of patients with coronary heart disease
Hawthorn: Hawthorn has the effects of lowering serum cholesterol and blood pressure, promoting tracheal cilia movement, eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma.
Algae: kelp, laver, jellyfish, cauliflower, etc. , rich in minerals and vitamins, has the effect of lowering blood pressure.
Carrots: Carrots are rich in carotene and various nutrients, which can increase coronary blood flow, reduce blood lipids, promote adrenaline secretion, lower blood pressure and strengthen the heart.
Soybeans and peanuts: Soybeans and bean products contain saponin cellulose, which can lower cholesterol in the body. Peanut contains a variety of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, which can prevent coronary atherosclerosis if eaten regularly.
Onion: Onion can dilate blood vessels and reduce the resistance of peripheral blood vessels and coronary arteries.
Ginger: Ginger mainly contains ginger oil. The effective components in ginger oil can prevent the absorption of cholesterol and increase the excretion of cholesterol. In addition, gingerol and gingerol in ginger can promote blood circulation.
Corn: Corn has the function of anti-angiosclerosis, with linoleic acid content as high as 60% or more in fat, lecithin and vitamin E, which have the functions of lowering serum cholesterol, preventing hypertension and arteriosclerosis, preventing brain cell decline, helping to relax blood vessels and maintaining normal heart function.
Buckwheat: Buckwheat contains rutin, chlorophyll, bitter rosin, buckwheat alkaloids and flavonoids. Rutin can reduce blood lipid and blood pressure, and flavonoids can strengthen and regulate myocardial function, increase coronary blood flow and prevent arrhythmia.
Celery: Celery mainly contains volatile oil and mannitol. It has the effects of lowering blood pressure, calming, invigorating stomach and diuresis.
Leek: Leek is rich in cellulose, volatile essential oil and sulfur-containing compounds, which can promote intestinal peristalsis, reduce the absorption of cholesterol and reduce blood lipids.
Mushrooms and Edible Fungi: Mushrooms and Edible Fungi are rich in protein, low in fat and almost free of cholesterol, and have obvious effects of lowering blood fat and blood pressure. Auricularia auricula can prevent thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
Sweet potato: Sweet potato is rich in sugar, vitamin C and carotene, which can effectively maintain the elasticity of human arterial blood vessels, keep the joint cavity lubricated and prevent the atrophy of renal connective tissue. Eating sweet potatoes regularly can prevent fat deposition and arteriosclerosis.
Suggestions on nutrition conditioning
Lecithin E: It has the functions of emulsifying and decomposing oil, reducing blood viscosity, reducing lipid peroxide deposition on blood vessel wall and promoting the dissipation of atherosclerotic plaque.
VD calcium magnesium tablets: help muscles contract and expand, and help regulate the heartbeat.
Protein powder: enhance the body's immunity.
Omega-3 EPA DHA: EPA and DHA contained in it can regulate blood lipid, remove thrombus, reduce the concentration of low-density lipoprotein in blood, increase the content of high-density lipoprotein and prevent thrombosis.
Selenium VE: It can resist free radicals in vivo, reduce the production of lipid peroxide, and participate in the growth and repair of intima of arterial wall.
Top vitamin C: Helps decompose triglycerides, convert cholesterol into cholic acid, and scavenge free radicals.
Cholesterol-lowering health capsule