origin

(Note: The following "West" is a Spanish word)

James Naismith

18911In early February, at the YMCA International Training School (later Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, Dr. James james naismith, the physical education teacher of the school, invented basketball, which solved the problem that rugby and baseball could not be played normally in winter. He borrowed the rules of netball, only 13. Dr naismith died on 1939 at the age of 78.

189 1 year, naismith taught at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. He got inspiration from the game that local children like to throw the ball into the peach basket (peaches are abundant in the local area, and every family has a peach basket) and created the basketball game [2].

At first, naismith nailed two baskets to the railing of the stadium stands, with the upper edge of the basket 3.04 meters (about 10 yards) from the ground, and used football as a game tool to throw at the baskets. Throw the ball into the basket and score 1 point, and decide the outcome according to the score. Every time you throw the ball into the basket, climb the ladder, take it out and start the game again. In the future, the bamboo basket will be gradually changed into an iron basket with a movable bottom, and then a net will be hung under the iron ring. People call this game "naismith Ball" or "Basketball". After a long time, I named it "Basketball" after repeated discussions with my colleagues.

Naismith invented basketball at the age of 30, but it was ignored for nearly half a century after its birth, and was not respected until 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. 75-year-old naismith arrived in Berlin with the American basketball team, but the coach of the American basketball team was only responsible for his air ticket from the United States to Berlin, not for his hotel and entrance fee in Berlin, when basketball was not popular enough. The American Olympic Committee turned a blind eye to this, which made the father of basketball feel very heavy.

William jones, the first secretary-general of the International Amateur Basketball Federation, respected and admired him very much. He not only settled his hotel expenses, but also invited him to kick off the first basketball match of the Olympic Games. Before kick-off, Jones introduced the inventor of basketball to all the participating athletes, and naismith was warmly welcomed by everyone. After all the competitions, Jones arranged for naismith to preside over the award ceremony and awarded him a special Olympic medal in recognition of his achievements in inventing basketball. When a little German girl gave him the laurel of the moon, naismith was ecstatic and threw her hat into the sky.

Naismith died on 1939. In order to remember this basketball pioneer forever, 1950 1 The first FIBA Central Bureau meeting held during the World Men's Basketball Championship decided to name the gold cup of the World Men's Basketball Championship "Naismith Cup". To commemorate Dr. naismith's contribution to the invention of basketball, the james naismith Memorial Hall of the American Basketball Hall of Fame was built on the campus of Springfield College. [3]

develop

It was not until 1893 that modern rebounds, hoops and nets were formed. In the initial basketball game, there were no strict restrictions on the number of people, the size of the venue and the time of the game. As long as the number of participants is equal. At the beginning of the game, the players of both sides stood outside the two end lines, and the referee blew the whistle and threw the ball into the center of the court. The two sides ran to the court to grab the ball and started the game. The bearer can run to the basket with the ball, and the first person who reaches the predetermined score wins. 1892, naismith formulated 13 rules of the game. The main rules are: don't run with the ball, don't make rough moves, don't hit the ball with a fist, or you will be sentenced to three consecutive fouls and fined 1 minute; The competition time is the first half 15 minutes; The size of the venue is also stipulated.

basketball

The rule of 1893 has been further improved compared with the original thirteen rules of five purposes in basketball games.

Basketball was introduced to China from the Chinese YMCA in Tianjin around 1896, and then to the YMCA in Beijing and Shanghai. 19 10 After the men's basketball exhibition match was held in the first National Games in old China, basketball activities were gradually developed in universities and middle schools in major cities across the country, among which Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai developed well and had a high level. The rules of the game were simple at that time. A middle circle with a diameter of about 1 m is drawn in the center of the court, and the center player jumps the ball. The technology is also simple. After the jump ball in the middle circle, whoever receives the ball dribbles it himself, and shoots if he exceeds the defender. I was just dribbling in a straight line. The passing method is to pass the ball with one hand and put your hands on your chest. Running shot is a one-handed low-handed layup. The vertical racket is a low-handed racket with both hands in front of the stomach, no matter how far or near. 1925 or so, the five offensive and defensive athletes have a clear division of labor, center to center, defender to striker, someone staring at people, staring at their opponents. But the striker's duty is to attack and shoot, regardless of retreat; The defender's duty is only to defend the volley, regardless of shooting. Strikers and defenders rarely run all over the field, only the center should give consideration to both offense and defense. Later, it was gradually changed to 1 assisted two defenders (mobile defenders), and 1 stayed in the backcourt (fixed defenders). The two strikers also became 1 staying in the frontcourt to attack the fast break, 1 retreating to the backcourt to help defend. Technical movements have also developed, such as one-handed running shooting and expert shooting, two-handed standing shooting on the chest, one-handed passing and two-handed touching the ground, two-handed dribbling alternately dodging defense and advancing beyond defense. The restricted area and the free throw line have been added to the rules. A player who commits four fouls will be disqualified, and any player with 1 can be punished by the captain. The competition time is divided into the first half and the second half with an interval of 10 minute. After each shot or free throw, jump the ball to the middle circle and start the game again. But since 1926, the basketball level in China has been greatly improved.

1892, naismith, the inventor of basketball, drew up the simple rules of 18, and basketball entered the stage of confrontational competition, and then the organization and leadership of the competition and the referee of law enforcement came into being. [3]