Building heating, water supply and drainage, fire protection, air conditioning, ventilation and other installation projects are mostly the follow-up sub-projects after the completion of the main structure of the building and the masonry of the internal and external walls. However, some work is carried out together with construction projects, such as: reserved holes, embedded pipelines, elevation setting, finished product protection, etc. Some construction units don't pay much attention to this work, but it is actually a weak link that is cumbersome and prone to problems. To improve the construction quality of building engineering depends to a great extent on the mutual cooperation between various professions.
Several common quality defects and preventive measures in the mutual cooperation between plumbing installation engineering and construction engineering are briefly described as follows:
I. Main points of preventive measures
1. Attach great importance to it ideologically, and formulate practical and effective preventive measures from the aspects of design, construction and supervision. Do a good job of preparation before construction. We should not only be familiar with the drawings of our major, but also make a unified comparison across disciplines. A preliminary coordinated study should be made on the conflicts of various disciplines, and a clear explanation should be made in the technical disclosure, so as to solve the problems before construction.
2. Establish a quality management system. According to the arrangement of the project department, an installation project reservation and embedding team is set up to be fully responsible for the specific work of the construction and installation project. Personnel shall be the responsibility of the technical director in charge of installation engineering in the project department, including installation engineers, construction team technicians, construction foreman and other personnel.
3. Carry out construction in strict accordance with specifications, operating procedures, construction technology and technical disclosure, and adopt new technologies to ensure quality. Formulate and implement finished product protection measures to prevent quality problems caused by human factors.
Second, the main quality common fault and its prevention and control measures
1. The reserved embedded position and elevation of casing, hole and pipeline are inaccurate or forgotten.
The pre-embedded stage of building installation engineering is an organic part of building engineering, and its construction quality directly affects the quality level of building engineering. Timely, complete and orderly quality management is the basis of creating excellent projects.
In the installation project, when pouring concrete, there is often no one to look after it, and even the hole is forgotten. During installation, holes are drilled with a sledgehammer, which causes large pieces of steel bars to be exposed and deformed, and even the steel bars are cut off, which seriously affects the engineering quality and structural safety.
(1) The leaders of the project department don't attach importance to this work, and for the sake of small economic benefits, too few people and funds are invested to meet the requirements of normal construction. (2) No technical disclosure was made to the specific operators, the operators were unclear about the reserved position, and the professional quality of the operators was not enough. (3) The installation and construction specialty did not negotiate, and the specific position and elevation of professional drawings and architectural drawings were different, but they were not found, and their own construction was not found in time, resulting in rework and economic losses.
Preventive measures: ① Professional technicians must make technical disclosure to specific operators. Construction technical disclosure is an important guarantee to control the early quality. The preparation of construction technical disclosure is carried out by the project department and the construction team from their own perspectives, and the technical disclosure of the team is refined according to the technical disclosure of the project department. (2) Before construction, the project department should organize the comparison of drawings of architecture, plumbing, electricity, air conditioning, fire protection, ventilation and other specialties, and find that there are differences in position and elevation. The construction unit shall contact the design unit for confirmation. Where a design unit issues a design change, it shall carry out the construction according to the design change. (3) For the convenience of construction, it can also be reserved by the architectural profession. Before construction, the specific location, elevation, quantity and specifications should be mapped according to the drawings and submitted to the architectural specialty. After the template construction is completed, it will be accepted by the installation specialty. It is forbidden to smash holes with a sledgehammer during pipeline installation, and it is advisable to punch holes with an impact drill or a rhinestone.
Thirdly, the indoor drainage pipeline is often blocked in the installation project.
Cause analysis: Indoor drainage pipeline blockage is a common quality problem in building installation, and it is an old problem that is difficult to solve in the cooperation between pipeline installation and construction.
(1) In the cross construction of building and installation, there are many cases of pipeline blockage, especially the drain and floor drain in the bathroom. Even after the pipeline is installed, the nozzle is closed with cement mortar, and it is often opened as a sewage outlet for grinding terrazzo floor or cleaning and leveling cement floor. (2) Some workers fall into battens, gravel, garbage, mortar, etc. From the nozzle of the roof vent and the rain bucket, resulting in pipe blockage. The light one consumes manpower to dredge, while the heavy one chisels the concrete floor, and the pipeline is reworked, dismantled and reinstalled, which consumes manpower and material resources and affects the construction period. (3) Some drainage tubes have been partially blocked in the lumen, which was not found in time during the water testing. After it is put into use, pipeline blockage will inevitably occur, which will affect users' use.
(1) Due to the needs of the building structure, when the riser is equipped with a B-type pipe, according to the requirements of the specification, an inspection port should be set at the upper part of the B-type pipe to facilitate maintenance. (2) When there is no requirement in the design, the sewage horizontal pipe connecting two or more bathrooms or three or more sanitary wares should be provided with a cleaning port, and the sewage horizontal pipe with a corner less than 135 should be provided with an inspection port or cleaning port, according to the construction and acceptance specifications. (3) When installing the drainage pipe, the buried drainage pipe will not be connected with the riser temporarily, and the plug end at the inspection port of the riser will be fastened by tray or other methods, and the riser will be repaired in time to wear the hole in the second floor. After confirming that the riser is fixed reliably, remove the temporary support, and try to avoid using this nozzle as a temporary sewage outlet during construction. After the building decoration is basically completed, before the water supply branch pipe is installed, the irrigation test should be carried out for the pipes at the bottom and above the second floor, and after confirming that each pipe section is unblocked, the inspection pipe should be connected with the bottom drainage pipe with a straight sleeve (pipe) cylinder.
(4) During the construction of the drainage pipeline, after the drainage pipeline is filled with plastic bags and passed the inspection, if the drainage flow rate is found to be slow during the drainage process, it means that the horizontal branch pipe section is blocked, and the blocked part of the horizontal branch pipe should be found out in time, and the garbage and sundries should be cleaned up. (5) In order to ensure that the floor drain and the roof nozzle are not fallen into the drainage pipe by sand, stones and garbage. All floor drains, ventilation pipes and rainwater nozzles protruding from the roof should be closed with cement mortar in time, and often check whether the closed nozzles are removed by construction personnel. Once found, effective measures should be taken in time to prevent pipeline blockage. ⑥ After the sanitary ware is in place, remove the temporary closure of the drain pipe, check whether there are sundries in the pipe and clean the nozzle. If possible, each drain can be continuously flushed with tap water until the water flow is smooth. Carefully check whether the drain hole of sanitary ware is blocked, and then put the sanitary ware in place.
In the process of plumbing installation and pipeline construction, managers must enhance management awareness, do a good job of coordination and overall planning, and properly handle the problems encountered in construction in time. Technicians must be familiar with the construction technology, strengthen the process control of key links and important working procedures, and ensure the engineering quality.
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