Among them, keeping coronary artery blood flow unblocked can better supply nutrients needed by myocardium and reduce the incidence of heart disease. The increase in the number of capillaries promotes the opening of a large number of capillaries stored in the body, which can significantly reduce blood lipid and blood pressure and slow down the pulse.
First, the response of cardiovascular system during exercise
1. Changes of cardiac output during muscle exercise: The adaptive change of circulatory system during muscle exercise is to increase cardiac output to increase blood supply, and the increase of cardiac output during exercise is directly proportional to the amount of exercise or oxygen consumption. ?
2. Changes of blood volume of various organs during muscle exercise: Blood flow of various organs will be redistributed during exercise. In this way, the blood flow of the exercise heart and muscle increases obviously, while the blood flow of the skeletal muscle and viscera that do not participate in exercise decreases. Skin blood vessels relax, blood flow increases, and skin heat dissipation is enhanced.
3. Changes of arterial blood pressure during muscle exercise: The arterial blood pressure level during exercise depends on the relationship between the change of cardiac output and peripheral resistance.
When more muscles participate in exercise, the influence of muscle vasodilation on peripheral resistance is greater than that of other inactive organs, so the total peripheral resistance is still reduced, which is manifested as the decrease of arterial diastolic pressure. On the other hand, due to the significant increase in cardiac output, systolic blood pressure increased.
Second, the benign effects of long-term exercise training on cardiovascular system
1, sinus bradycardia: Exercise training, especially endurance training, can slow down resting heart rate. The resting heart rate of some excellent endurance athletes can be as low as 40 ~ 60 beats/min, which is called sinus bradycardia. Sinus bradycardia is a good response to the improvement of cardiac function after long-term training.
2. Exercise leads to heart enlargement: Studies have found that fitness exercise or exercise training can enlarge the heart. The heart with increased exercise has rich appearance, strong contractility and high heart reserve. Exercise-induced cardiac enlargement is a good adaptation to long-term exercise load. ?
Exercise-induced cardiac enlargement has exercise specificity to some extent. For people who often do endurance exercise, the enlargement of the heart is mainly the enlargement of the ventricular cavity. People who often do strength exercises, their adaptability is manifested as myocardial thickening. ?
3. Improvement of cardiovascular function:
When some trainers do quantitative work, the cardiovascular function is mobilized quickly, with great potential and rapid recovery. It is manifested as "energy saving" in both quiet and sports.
Extended data:
The function and shape of human body are closely related, so learning sports physiology should not only start with human physiology, but also master the basic knowledge of human anatomy, biochemistry, sports mechanics, sports medicine and so on. Only by cooperating with these related disciplines and conducting comprehensive and systematic research can we achieve better research results.
The research on exercise physiology began at the end of19th century. Italian a. Moso published the theory of muscle contraction in 1892. Subsequently, French F. La Grange published "Physiology of Physical Exercise for People of Different Ages" in 1889.
In addition, the research and work of the British Football Association, bainbridge and A.V. Hill laid the foundation of sports physiology. Among them, Hill's system research has made the greatest contribution.
American P.V. Carpovici, Swedish P.O. Soviet writer Christoph Astland Zinkin, 200 BC, Falferi, H.H., Iacovleff and Japanese pig-feeding doffer made important contributions to the development of exercise physiology.
Chinese physiologists Cheng, Cai Qiao and others compiled Exercise Physiology. 195 1 Zhao ed. Practical exercise physiology.