Rehabilitation knowledge of the physically disabled 1. What are the rehabilitation nursing knowledge of the physically disabled?
Limb disability refers to the disability caused by organic diseases and injuries of limbs.
Rehabilitation nursing of physical disability should not only do general nursing well, but also do specialized nursing technology under the guidance of rehabilitation medicine theory. Rehabilitation nursing is a new nursing specialty formed in the development of rehabilitation medicine and one of the contents of holistic nursing.
In real life, the quality of nursing not only affects the quality of medical treatment, but also directly affects the rehabilitation of patients. Good rehabilitation nursing is an important guarantee to achieve the expected rehabilitation goal. The basic treatment technology of rehabilitation nursing is to maintain the best physical and mental health of patients.
These technologies are the basic procedures of all nursing treatments, including providing good sanitation and clean environment, healthy and comfortable climate, proper rest and sleep, adequate nutrition and entertainment places. Skin rehabilitation nursing Disability nursing The skin care of paralyzed patients is very important, and bedsores are most likely to occur. Skin care and prevention of bedsores are important links related to patients' rehabilitation and life extension. Due to incontinence, bed pollution and inability to change, compressive ischemia leads to bedsore in some parts, which usually occurs in bony processes, especially in sacrococcygeal region. For example, patients often take lateral position, such as anterior superior iliac spine, femoral trochanter, medial malleolus and lateral malleolus.
When the patient is still in a coma, the nursing staff should consider the patient's recovery. To prevent bedsores, we must first pay attention to avoiding local long-term compression. For paralyzed patients, turn over every 2 hours 1 time. Turn over lightly, and one or two people can operate it. If two people operate, one is on the right side of the patient and the other is on the left. When you turn over, you should first put your strength on your hips and lift your hips to the opposite side, because your hips are the heaviest part of your body, as long as other parts on one side of your hips are easier to turn over. If the patient is obese, put a cotton pad on the buttocks, then lift the cotton pad and turn the buttocks over, which can save labor. Then turn his chest back over, turn his head over gently, put a pillow on his back, then set the position of his limbs, put the lower limbs straight on his side, bend the other limb slightly, put the upper limb on the bed on his side and put the other limb on the headrest. Be careful not to drag your body when you turn over and don't lean sideways at the same time. In order to make the compression time of the compression part equal, we can take the posture of lying on the left → lying flat → reclining → lying on the left, and so on. We can use balloons or cotton rings on all the bony processes to prevent oppression. Generally, we put the balloon on our ass and fill 2/3 places with air. Balloons are used externally with ferrule bags to prevent them from directly contacting the skin. Cotton loops can be used at the shoulder and ankle bone processes, and the patient's skin should be kept dry when turning over. For patients with urinary incontinence, attention should be paid to changing wet clothes and bedding in time, scrubbing the soaked parts with warm water, and pressing the parts with 50% alcohol at the same time to keep the bed surface flat and free of sundries to avoid damaging the skin.
Don't use the bedpan at rest. In order to do a good job of prevention, nurses must implement the bedside shift system, so as to find out whether there is redness and broken skin in time and treat bedsores in time.
In addition to preventing bedsores, the skin care of paralyzed patients should not use hot water bottles because of sensory disturbance of paralyzed limbs, otherwise it will easily cause burns. When washing hands and feet, you should pay attention to the fact that the water temperature should not be too high, because the same water temperature can be safe for the healthy side, and the affected side may cause burns. Intestinal rehabilitation nursing paralyzed patients stay in bed for a long time, intestinal peristalsis is poor, abdominal muscles are weak, and defecation is difficult, which may affect appetite, cause bloating and aggravate pain. Patients with hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis will cause cerebral hemorrhage if they have difficulty defecating.
So keep the stool unobstructed. Must ensure 1 ~ 3 days defecation 1 time, first of all, you can use intestinal moistening drugs such as paraffin oil, diacetyl tincture, fruit guide, Chinese medicine Maren Zipi Pill and so on.
Take a small amount of medicine every night. If the dosage is large, it will cause diarrhea. If the drug treatment fails, it can be embolized with glycerin or low-pressure soapy water.
If * * * still can't solve the stool, you can put on rubber gloves and take it out with your fingers. Rehabilitation nursing of patients with bladder paralysis often leads to urinary retention or urinary incontinence due to bladder dysfunction.
Patients with urinary retention can first press the lower abdomen on time to avoid urinary tract infection caused by catheterization. More effective for female patients. The lower abdomen can be compressed every 4 hours 1 time. If bladder compression is ineffective, disposable catheterization can be used. If you still can't urinate by yourself after pulling out the catheter, you need to keep the catheter. In order to prevent urinary tract infection, it is necessary to change the catheter/kloc-0 times a week, flush the bladder twice a day, keep the bladder irrigation bottle sterile, change it twice a week, and disinfect the urine bottle twice a week. You can scrub it first, and then soak it in 1% lysol for disinfection 12h. The common solution for bladder irrigation is 2‰ potassium permanganate solution or 2‰ furacilin solution, which is heated and rinsed, with 200ml each time.
Empty bladder before flushing, and keep 15~20min after flushing, so as to benefit bladder and rebuild urination function. Don't pull out the catheter before you urinate. Male patients with urinary incontinence can use urinal or * * * cannula, cut a hole under the cannula and connect the catheter. Urine will flow from the catheter into the urine bag. This method should always clean the sleeves and keep them dry, otherwise it will easily cause * * * ulcers.
Female patients can use diapers. Mental health rehabilitation nursing The common methods of mental health rehabilitation nursing are reasoning and persuasion; Hint therapy; Cognitive therapy; Remission therapy; Relaxation therapy; Drug therapy.
Irreversible disability causes irreparable loss to patients. Seriously affect the mental state of patients, lose confidence, can not see the future, slow recovery, limited activities.
Therefore, patients often fall into pessimism, disappointment and depression. Nurses should encourage patients with high sympathy. According to patients' psychological barriers (cognition, emotion, will, behavior, etc. ), we must first try to change the patient's cognition and make it rational. Behavior is the end-result and core of psychological structure. To solve patients' psychological obstacles, we must guide them to do it.
Emotion and will are intermediaries. Only positive feelings and feelings can make cognition quickly turn into behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to move it with emotion and refine it with intention, so that it can summon up the courage to live, actively cooperate with medical treatment, physical therapy and self-exercise, and inform the recovery of different functions of different sick and disabled parts in a targeted manner.
2. How to do rehabilitation training for physical disability?
How long have you been injured? You can't move your right limb when you come out. What is muscle tension? Is the limb swollen and the range of motion of the joint limited?
For hemiplegic training, family rehabilitation: 1, massage hemiplegic limbs, relax muscles, promote blood circulation and prevent deep vein thrombosis. 2. The passive motion of each joint of hemiplegic limb in all directions keeps the normal range of joint motion.
3, muscle strength training, encourage patients to move hemiplegic limbs, first big joints, then small joints. At the beginning, due to the small muscle strength, it is necessary to help reduce the gravity of the limbs. No matter how strong the muscles are, patients should be encouraged to exercise. Of course, in professional rehabilitation, when the muscle strength is 0~2, functional electrotherapy and acupuncture are generally used. Bobath handshake training can be used for upper limb activities, and there are many other activities, such as good limb placement in bed, turning over, sitting up, transfer training between bed and wheelchair and stool, sitting balance training, standing training, walking training, fine hand movement training, daily life training and so on. It is very difficult if it is not treated by a professional rehabilitation teacher. After all, I don't know how to do it. That technique is right.
I'll provide you with a book, "Sports Re-learning Plan for Stroke Patients". And the patient's mood and psychology are very important. Good mood and optimistic psychology are the main prerequisites for rehabilitation, because hemiplegic patients are generally depressed, depressed and grumpy.
Positive rehabilitation psychology is a necessary principle of rehabilitation. I wish you a speedy recovery.
3. How to do rehabilitation training for physical disability?
How long have you been injured? You can't move your right limb when you come out. What is muscle tension? Is the limb swollen and the range of motion of the joint limited?
For hemiplegic training, family rehabilitation: 1, massage hemiplegic limbs, relax muscles, promote blood circulation and prevent deep vein thrombosis. 2. The passive motion of each joint of hemiplegic limb in all directions keeps the normal range of joint motion. 3, muscle strength training, encourage patients to move hemiplegic limbs, first big joints, then small joints. At the beginning, due to the small muscle strength, it is necessary to help reduce the gravity of the limbs. No matter how strong the muscles are, patients should be encouraged to exercise. Of course, in professional rehabilitation, when the muscle strength is 0~2, functional electrotherapy and acupuncture are generally used. Bobath handshake training can be used for upper limb activities, and there are many other activities, such as good limb placement in bed, turning over, sitting up, transfer training between bed and wheelchair and stool, sitting balance training, standing training, walking training, fine hand movement training, daily life training and so on. It is very difficult if it is not treated by a professional rehabilitation teacher. After all, I don't know how to do it. That technique is right. I'll provide you with a book, "Sports Re-learning Plan for Stroke Patients".
And the patient's mood and psychology are very important. Good mood and optimistic psychology are the main prerequisites for rehabilitation, because hemiplegic patients are generally depressed, depressed and grumpy. Positive rehabilitation psychology is a necessary principle of rehabilitation.
I wish you a speedy recovery!
4. How do disabled people carry out rehabilitation training?
(1) amputees and acquired limb loss: (1) Early limb rehabilitation training to enhance their limb muscle strength and joint mobility; For patients with residual limb pain or young limb pain due to improper amputation, the residual limb should be trimmed and treated in time, and then the residual limb training should be carried out.
(2) Make a temporary prosthesis with plaster support in time, so that it can end its bed-rest life as soon as possible and start the activities of motor organs, which can not only comfort the disabled psychologically, but also promote the reasonable shaping of the residual limb. (3) According to the conditions of the residual limb and the needs of people, the prosthetic socket should be completely adapted to the residual limb.
(4) After the prosthesis is installed, strict and lasting functional training should be carried out to make it play a compensatory role to the maximum extent. (2) Patients with upper limb or lower limb dysfunction: (1) Training the residual limb as early as possible to improve muscle strength and joint mobility.
(2) According to the specific conditions of its lesions and deformities, design and manufacture orthopedic and auxiliary devices suitable for operation, and wear them all day and for a long time. (3) After wearing orthoses and assistive devices, functional training should be conducted in time; At the same time, we should review regularly, adjust and improve the orthosis according to the needs of continuous correction, and constantly promote the orthopedic effect.
(3) Trunk disability leads to paraplegia, hemiplegia or quadriplegia: First, strengthen muscle strength and joint mobility training. At the same time, orthopedic and auxiliary devices are made according to the needs, so that they can sit up and turn over, then practice walking with the help of walkers and electric devices, go outdoors in wheelchairs, end their long-term bedridden or * * * life, and enter a wider range of contact as soon as possible to prepare for returning to healthy groups.
5. What kinds of assistive devices are commonly used in physical disability rehabilitation training?
People with limb dysfunction can recover their functions to the greatest extent by using one or several instruments as an aid in rehabilitation training.
At present, there are more than 100 kinds of rehabilitation training instruments in China, and there are dozens of commonly used rehabilitation training instruments. Rehabilitation training equipment can be made of metal, wood, plastic and other materials, with different varieties and uses, some of which are very simple, and can even be modified or replaced by daily necessities.
According to the different purposes of rehabilitation training, it can be roughly divided into the following categories: 1. Lying and sitting training equipment: commonly used are training tables, exercise mats, balance boards, posture correction chairs, ladder chairs, rollers, wedge mats, etc. 2. Standing training equipment: commonly used are standing frame, inclined platform, ankle joint correction standing board, balance bar, drilling drum, balance board, ribs, etc.
3. Walking trainer: commonly used are balance bar, walking frame, ladder, posture mirror, multi-purpose combination box, etc. 4. Training equipment for posture correction and deformity prevention: commonly used are ribs, posture mirror, posture correction chair, ankle correction standing board, fingerboard, wedge pad, standing frame, etc.
5. Joint activity training equipment: commonly used are shoulder rotator, forearm rotator, wrist rotator, shoulder ladder, finger ladder, training table, exercise mat, gymnastics stick, roller, sanding table, ribs, suspension frame, wall stretcher, drawing trainer, power car, etc. 6. Balance and coordination trainer: commonly used are rollers, wooden nail boards, ferrules, balance bars, training tables, training balls, etc.
7. Basic movement training equipment: commonly used sports mats, training tables, supporters, training balls, rollers, etc. 8. Training AIDS: commonly used are training tables, balance bars, auxiliary training chairs, sports mats, supports, sandbags, rollers and so on.
9. Training equipment for daily life activities: commonly used comprehensive training boards with hand functions, multi-purpose combination boxes, self-help appliances for life, etc.
6. I am a disabled person. How to exercise to recover?
Life depends on exercise. Insisting on physical exercise can not only improve health, but also prevent diseases.
Appropriate physical exercise is beneficial to modern college students with increasing study pressure. It can not only improve the quality of sports, but also combine work and rest to give full play to the level of intelligence.
College students usually study and work in classrooms, laboratories and study rooms. Being in this posture for a long time and not taking part in physical exercise will often lead to various diseases. Such as insufficient blood supply, neurasthenia, thoracic stenosis, muscle weakness, heart disease constipation and so on.
Therefore, college students should often take part in physical exercise, because physical exercise can make the heart and gastrointestinal tract get good exercise and make college students energetic. At the same time, physical exercise is an active rest, and brain cells have their own division of labor. During physical exercise, the mental cells that manage muscle activities are in an excited state, while the nerve cells that think about problems are in an inhibited state and get a good positive rest. The main characteristics of college students' self-exercise are planning and purpose. According to one's physical health and sports ability, combined with the special needs of one's major and future career choice, and considering one's ideal pursuit of future career and life and the existing available objective material conditions, make short-term and long-term self-exercise plans.
At the same time, it is necessary to restrain the subject's behavior with planning and adjust and enrich the exercise plan in practice, which is the fundamental guarantee for the effectiveness of college students' self-physical exercise and a powerful weapon for college students to meet the challenges of modern lifestyle and modern standards. However, due to the lack of physical education knowledge of some college students, which violates the scientific exercise method, we should arrange the exercise time and schedule according to the age, gender, work and study characteristics, fully consider the influence of seasons, regions, natural environment and other factors on the exercise effect, and the amount and intensity of exercise should be from small to large, and gradually accumulate experience and master it during the exercise process.
Regardless of the physiological characteristics of the human body, blindly pursue a large amount of exercise, and choose targeted exercise according to the different optimal development periods of various organs of the human body; Not paying attention to the all-round development of exercise disrupts the biological law of physical and mental work and exercises irregularly; Do not pay attention to the sports environment and sports hygiene; A whim, a sudden movement that can't be done from beginning to end, etc. These are unhealthy exercise methods, which should be corrected and avoided in time, because physical exercise is to promote the physical development of teenagers and enhance their physique. If you don't exercise properly, it will be counterproductive. The purpose and demand of college students' self-physical exercise are complex and diverse, sometimes for emotional catharsis, sometimes for fitness, sometimes for getting rid of tension and mental stress, sometimes for improving sports skills and skills, sometimes for recovery or growth after illness, and sometimes for improving the working efficiency of the brain.
In short, when choosing the means and methods of physical exercise, we should consider our special needs and make the best use of them. For example, you can choose games, sports and entertainment; In order to vent their emotions, you can use strong exercise; In order to overcome the psychological emergency and eliminate nervousness, you can choose swimming, sunbathing and other sports methods.
1, here, introduce several modern popular exercise methods. 1. 1 aerobic exercise method refers to the method that exercisers exercise without negative oxygen during exercise.
This exercise mode has moderate exercise load, which can effectively improve cardiovascular and respiratory functions, promote metabolism and reduce fat accumulation. Such as long-distance running, race walking, swimming, cycling, endurance gymnastics and rhythmic gymnastics, hiking and so on.
1.2 Recreation refers to the exercise method of seeking physical relaxation and enjoying leisure time. This exercise method is not strong, relaxed and happy, and has a special effect of eliminating fatigue.
These activities are conducive to the choice of people with weak physique, and lifelong adherence to activities can promote the development of the collective and achieve the purpose of strengthening the body. Such as walking, traveling, outing, hiking, mountaineering, sunbathing, etc. 1.3 The health care methods handed down from ancient China, such as Qigong and Daoyin, are the precious heritage of the Chinese nation. They have been handed down in fitness and are deeply loved by the majority of exercisers.
This exercise method pays attention to the unity of internal and external, gives consideration to both form and spirit, and requires the external activities of the body to be consistent with the internal qi and blood operation, so as to combine the body with health care and achieve the purpose of fitness, disease elimination and longevity. 2, according to certain principles and reality, scientific exercise. 2. 1 Morning exercises People are used to thinking that morning is a good time for exercise.
The existing research data show that "morning exercise is not a good time". First of all, the air in the morning is not fresh.
In most mornings of the year (especially at 5-8 o'clock), an inversion layer will appear in the lower atmosphere over the land, with a height between 200- 1000 meters. Like a hood, let more smoke and impurities in the city gather under it. In addition, the air disturbance is small in the morning, and it is difficult for smoke and dust impurities to spread to the upper air and surrounding areas, which leads to the aggravation of the air near the ground.
Secondly, from a physiological point of view, experts' research on the characteristics of human biological clock rhythm shows that the sugar content in the liver is the lowest in the morning, and if physical exercise is carried out during this time, the energy of exercise-sugar will be mainly supplied by fat decomposition. After fat enters the blood as an energy substance, the concentration of free fatty acids in the blood increases significantly because the human body cannot effectively use the free fatty acids in it.
Some scholars have investigated patients with a history of heart disease and found that medical statistics show that the early morning is not only the peak time of heart attack, but also the time of sudden death, and the incidence rate accounts for 6 1.3%. It is three times higher than around one o'clock in the afternoon.
This is mainly because the blood is thick in the morning and it is easy to form blood clots. Doing strenuous exercise is also easy to cause bumps, bruises and sprains. Of course, it is not to let everyone give up the opportunity to exercise in the morning.
For college students, it is still extremely effective to keep exercising 10- 15 minutes after getting up every morning, which can eliminate the "stagnation" phenomenon of human tissues after a night's sleep and enhance the endurance of the whole body.
7. What little knowledge do you need to know about Disability Prevention Day?
August 25th is the first "Disability Prevention Day" in the State Council. Need to know something about disability prevention day. On July 20 17, the State Council approved that from July 20 17, August 25th of each year will be designated as "Disability Prevention Day". Improve medical security, strengthen disability prevention, and improve rehabilitation services ... Based on the principle of giving priority to prevention, supplemented by caring, the State Council has issued a series of warm policies to promote the development of the cause of the disabled.
-Disability Prevention Day
According to the data released by the China Disabled Persons' Federation, there are currently more than 85 million disabled people in China, including more than120,000 visually disabled people and nearly 25 million physically disabled people. Many people know that diseases and injuries can be prevented. In fact, most disabilities are also preventable and controllable! In order to minimize and eliminate disabilities and better promote the construction of a healthy China, the State Council officially approved the establishment of August 25th every year as "Disability Prevention Day".
-Disability prevention "Start with me"
Disability prevention aims at common causes of disability, such as heredity, development, trauma, disease, environment, behavior and other risk factors, and takes effective measures and methods to prevent or reduce the occurrence of disabling diseases and injuries, limit or reverse the disability caused by injuries, and prevent the disability from becoming disabled after the occurrence.
-What are the causes of disability of disabled people?
1. Genetic and developmental factors;
Second, environmental and behavioral factors;
Third, injury factors;
These three factors interact and lead to disability.
-Establish the concept of "lifelong prevention of disability"
It is estimated that by 2030, there will be 2-2.5 million new disabled people in China every year, and a new disabled person will be born every 15-20 seconds on average. What follows is not only the pressure of individuals, families and society, but also a lot of economic and spiritual burdens.
Some scholars bluntly said, "If we can reduce and avoid the occurrence of disability through various means, its social and economic benefits will be immeasurable".
It can be said that rehabilitation and security are "not a little" care for the disabled, while preventing and reducing disability is an effort that is "always on the road".