Australia is called the Commonwealth of Australia. Its territory covers an area of 7,686,850 square kilometers and is surrounded by the sea. It is the only country in the world whose territory covers the whole continent. Australia has many unique animals, plants and natural landscapes, and is a multicultural immigrant country. \x0d\ australia, which means "southern continent", is a variant of Latin terraaustralis. When Europeans discovered this continent in the17th century, they mistakenly thought it was a land that went straight to the South Pole, so they named it "Australia". \x0d\ Australia is a highly developed capitalist country. As the most economically developed country in the southern hemisphere, the world's largest economy 12, the fourth largest exporter of agricultural products, and also the largest exporter of various minerals in the world, it is called "the country by car". At the same time, Australia is also the country with the largest number of sheep and the largest export volume of wool in the world, also known as "the country riding on the back of sheep". Australia's population is highly urbanized, and nearly half of its citizens live in Sydney and Melbourne. Many cities in this country are rated as one of the most livable places in the world. It is also a sports power, hosting many global sports events all the year round. Now, Australia actively participates in international affairs and is a member of the United Nations, the G20, the Commonwealth, the Pacific Security Treaty, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Pacific Islands Forum. \x0d\ Location \x0d\ Australia is located between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and consists of islands and overseas territories such as the Australian mainland and Tasmania. \x0d\ Map of Australia-the latest version of erlinyou \x0d\ It borders the Coral Sea and tasman sea in the Pacific Ocean in the east, and the Indian Ocean and its marginal seas in the west, north and south. It is the only country in the world that monopolizes a continent. \x0d\ Australia faces New Zealand across the tasman sea in the east, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands across the Coral Sea in the northeast, and Indonesia and East Timor across the Arafura Sea and Timor Sea in the north. \x0d\ Terrain \x0d\ Australia's terrain is very distinctive. Eastern mountainous area, central plain and western plateau. The highest mountain in China, Kosi Asco, is 2228 meters above sea level. Near the sea, it is a long and narrow beach with a gentle slope, which slopes gently to the west and gradually becomes a plain. There is the Great Barrier Reef on the northeast coast. \x0d\ The coastal areas are full of wide beaches and lush vegetation, and there are various landforms here: in the west of Sydney, there are cliffs hanging from the Blue Mountains, in the north of Brisbane, there are tall, beautiful and eroded volcanic neck in the Glasgow Mountains, and in the west of Adelaide, there is a flat Yuan Ye. \x0d\ About 70% of Australia's land belongs to arid or semi-arid zone, and most of the central part is not suitable for human habitation. Australia has 1 1 great desert, which accounts for about 20% of the whole continental area. Australia is the flattest and driest continent in the world. Lake Eyre in the middle is the lowest point in Australia, with an elevation of16m. Only 260,000 square kilometers of land can be used for animal husbandry and planting, mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas. \x0d\x0d\ climate \x0d\ Australian climate \ x0d \ Australia is located in the southern hemisphere. Although the time difference with China (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) is only 2-3 hours, the seasons are completely opposite. 65438+February-February is summer, March-May is autumn, June-August is winter, and September-165438+10 is spring. \x0d\ Australia spans two climatic zones, and the north is tropical. Every year165438+10-April is the rainy season, and165438+10-February is the dry season. Because it is close to the equator, 65438+10-February is the typhoon period. Southern Australia belongs to temperate zone. The midwest of Australia is a barren desert with drought, little rain, high temperature and large temperature difference. In coastal areas, there is abundant rainfall and humid climate. \x0d\x0d\ hydrology \ x0d \ murray river and Darling River are the two longest rivers in Australia. These two water systems constitute the Murray-Darling Basin, with an area of over 1 10,000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to 14% of the total area of the mainland. The longest river is Murray River, which is 2589 kilometers long. Aier Lake is a huge salt lake near the center of the mainland, with an area of over 9000k_, but it has been dry for a long time. \x0d\ Australia is the driest continent in the world, and drinking water is mainly natural precipitation, which is supplied by dams. The government forbids the use of groundwater, because once it is exploited, it is difficult to recover it. From 2006 to 2009, the impact of El Ni? o expanded, resulting in a significant decrease in rainfall. Major cities in Australia are generally short of water, and a number of laws restricting water use have been promulgated one after another to save water to tide over the drought. \x0d\x0d\ natural resources editor \x0d\ minerals \ x0d \ Australia's Great Barrier Reef \ x0d \ Australia is rich in mineral resources, including oil and natural gas, with at least 70 kinds of mineral resources. Among them, bauxite reserves rank first in the world, accounting for 35% of the world's total reserves. Australia is the world's largest producer of bauxite, alumina, diamonds, lead and tantalum, and its output of gold, iron ore, coal, lithium, manganese ore, nickel, silver, uranium and zinc also ranks among the top in the world. At the same time, Australia is the largest exporter of bituminous coal, bauxite, lead, diamonds, zinc and concentrates, the second largest exporter of alumina, iron ore and uranium, and the third largest exporter of aluminum and gold. The proven mineral reserves with economic exploitation value are about 365.438 billion tons of bauxite, 65.438 billion tons of iron ore, 565.438 billion tons of bituminous coal, 465.438 billion tons of lignite, 65.438 billion tons of lead and 9 million tons of nickel. Australia has 240 billion liters of crude oil, 6543.8+0.36 billion cubic meters of natural gas and 6543.8+0.74 billion liters of liquefied petroleum gas. The forest coverage rate accounts for 20% of the country, the natural forest area is about 65.438+0.55 billion hectares (2/3 is eucalyptus), and the timber forest area is 65.438+0.22 billion hectares. Known as the "country sitting on a mine car" \x0d\ x0d \ biology \ x0d \ Australia is known as the "World Museum of Living Fossils". According to statistics, there are 1.2 million species of plants in Australia, and 9,000 species are not found in other countries. There are 650 species of birds here, 450 of which are endemic to Australia. Most marsupials in the world are distributed in Australia except South America. Because of the stable environment, Australia is unique to the ancient biological species preserved during the evolution of the earth. Although they seem primitive, they have become living fossils for human beings to study the evolution history of the earth. In recent decades, exotic species have entered Australia through different channels, which has affected the local ecological environment to varying degrees. \x0d\ Emu (Emu) \x0d\ Emu is one of the animals appearing on the national emblem of Australia. It is the largest bird in Australia. Emu is one of the largest land birds and one of the oldest birds in the world. \x0d\ koala \x0d\ also known as koala or koala, one of the endemic animals in Australia, is not only a national treasure of Australia, but also a precious primitive arboreal animal endemic to Australia. \ x0d \ x0d \ koala (8 pieces) \ x0d \ belongs to the marsupial koala. There are koala reserves in Melbourne, and there are koala reserves one kilometer away from Brisbane. Only the koala reserve in Brisbane can hold koalas. You can't find koalas in eucalyptus forests with your eyes in the blue mountains. It is recommended to bring binoculars. Actually, it's good that you can meet Cora. It is a lovely thing for koalas to hold trees like this. Remember: don't disturb them! \x0d\\x0d\ platypus \x0d\ Australia's single-hole mammal, platypus is an animal that appears on Australian 20-cent coins. They are distributed between Cape York in eastern Australia and South Australia, and also inhabit Tasmania. \x0d\ moth larva \x0d\ This white and high-protein snack is actually a moth larva. It is an important insect dish in the desert area of Australia and was once the staple food of local aborigines. \x0d\ Kangaroo \ x0d \ is native to mainland Australia and parts of Papua New Guinea. Some of them are unique to Australia. All Australian kangaroos, \x0d\ x0d \ Australian kangaroos (10) \ x0d \ live in the wild except those in zoos and wildlife parks. Different kinds of kangaroos live in different natural environments in Australia, from rainforests and desert plains with cool climate to tropical regions. \ x0d \ x0d \ All kangaroos, big or small, have one thing in common: the hind legs with long feet are strong and powerful, and there is a pouch on the belly surface. Kangaroos jump instead of running. They can jump up to 4 meters and as far as 13 meters, which can be said to be the tallest and farthest mammals. \x0d\ Hare \x0d\ There were no rabbits in Australia. 1788, with the first British colonists in the Australian fleet, dozens of rabbits were transported to Australia, which was originally introduced as a way to cultivate edible meat. Later, some wealthy families released rabbits into nature as hunting and let them escape to the grassland to breed rapidly. 1950, the number of rabbits in Australia was estimated to reach 600 million, which destroyed vegetation and caused soil erosion, and grassland and animal husbandry faced long-term damage. Australia uses various methods to reduce the number of rabbits. 199 1 year, the number of rabbits in Australia has dropped to about 300 million. \x0d\ Overview \x0d\ Australia is a highly developed capitalist country. In 20 13, the gross domestic product (GDP) ranked 12 in the world, and the per capita GDP reached US$ 67,742, ranking fifth in the world, ranking first among countries with a population of more than 20 million, far higher than other major English-speaking countries such as the United States and Britain. Australia is rich in agriculture, animal husbandry and natural resources, and is known as "the country riding on the back of sheep", "the country sitting on the harvester" and "the country holding the ears of wheat". \x0d\ Australia has long earned a lot of income by exporting agricultural products and mineral resources. It is rich in sheep, cattle, wheat and sucrose, and it is also an important producer and exporter of mineral resources in the world. Australia's resources are the envy of many countries. There is even a phrase in English that describes Australia's "Theluckycountry", which means that Australia is very lucky in climate, history and lifestyle. People don't need to work too hard. Cattle and sheep can live a high standard as long as they eat grass casually and dig mines on the ground, without being disturbed by the wars of the two world wars. Agriculture, animal husbandry and mining are traditional industries in Australia. Australia's high-tech industry has developed rapidly in recent years and its competitiveness in the international market has improved. \x0d\ Since 1960s+1970s, Australia's economy has undergone major structural adjustment, and tourism and service industries have developed rapidly, and their share in GDP has gradually increased, reaching about 70% at present. The gold industry is developed and has become one of the few gold-producing countries in the world. Australia Post is one of the few postal systems in the world that can make money without government subsidies. \x0d\ Australian Manor \x0d\20 12 The main economic data are as follows: \x0d\ GDP: about10.6 trillion US dollars. \x0d\ Economic growth rate: 3. 1%. \x0d\ GDP per capita: about $68,000. \x0d\ Currency name: Australian dollar. \x0d\ Unemployment rate: 5.5% (May 2065438+03). [1] \x0d\ Currency exchange rate \x0d\ 1 AUD =0.72 USD (2065438+September 2005) \x0d\ 1 AUD =4.57 RMB (2065438+2005) The output value of manufacturing industry is 65,438 Australian dollars +0 100. The output values of construction industry and mining industry are 90 billion Australian dollars and 1 2 1 00, accounting for 7.2% and 9.5% of GDP respectively. Sydney is its industrial center. \x0d\x0d\ agriculture and animal husbandry \ x0d \ Australia has developed agriculture and animal husbandry, and is known as "a country riding on the back of sheep". The production and export of agricultural products play an important role in the national economy, and it is the largest exporter of wool and beef in the world. The land for agriculture and animal husbandry is 440 million hectares, accounting for 57% of the country's land area. The main crops are wheat, barley, oilseeds, cotton, sucrose and fruits. [3] \x0d\ Australia's agricultural production and export play an important role in the national economy, and it is the largest exporter of wool and beef in the world. In 2009/20 10, the output value of agriculture and animal husbandry was 27.4 billion Australian dollars, accounting for 2. 1% of GDP. The main crops are wheat, barley, rapeseed, cotton, sucrose and fruit. In fiscal year 2009-20 10, the output value of wheat was 4.8 billion Australian dollars, that of barley was/kloc-0.4 billion Australian dollars, and that of wool was/kloc-0.9 billion Australian dollars. \x0d\ x0d \ Fisheries \ x0d \ Australia is rich in fishery resources, and the fishing area is larger than the national territory 16%. It is the third largest fishing area in the world, with more than 3,000 kinds of seawater and freshwater fish, more than 3,000 kinds of shellfish and mollusk aquatic products, of which about 600 kinds have been caught commercially. The main aquatic products in Australia are prawns, lobsters, abalone, tuna, scallops, oysters, oysters and so on. \x0d\ x0d \ service \ x0d \ service industry is the most important and fastest growing sector in the Australian economy. After 30 years of economic restructuring, it has become a pillar industry of the national economy, accounting for more than 80% of GDP. The highest output value industries are real estate and business services, finance and insurance. [3] In 2009/2065,438+00, the output value of service industry reached A $845.2 billion, accounting for 65.8% of GDP. The growth of real estate, commerce and finance is the most prominent. \x0d\x0d\ foreign trade \ x0d \ Australia is very dependent on international trade. Australia has trade relations with 130 countries and regions. Australia's main trading partners are China, Japan, the United States, Singapore, Britain, South Korea, New Zealand, Thailand, Germany and Malaysia. [3] In 2009/2010, Australia's total foreign trade was A $590 1 billion, up 5.3% year-on-year, with a trade surplus of A $8.9 billion. Australia has trade relations with 130 countries and regions. At present, Australia's main trading partners are China, Japan, the United States, South Korea, India, Singapore, Britain, New Zealand, Thailand and Germany. \x0d\x0d\ transportation \ x0d \ Australia's international air and sea transportation industry is developed. Sydney is a major transportation hub in the South Pacific. The transportation situation is as follows: \x0d\ Railway: Since the 1990s, the railway industry has undergone the reform of corporatization and privatization. The total length of the national railway is about 44,000 kilometers. In 2009/20 10, long-distance railways sent about150,000 passengers, and urban rail transit sent about 603 million passengers, which was basically the same as last year. In 2006/2007, railway transported 665 million tons of goods, up 3.8% year-on-year. \x0d\ Highway: The total mileage of highways in China exceeds 800,000 kilometers. In 20 12, the number of motor vehicles registered was1670,000, including passenger cars 127 1000, light trucks 26 1000 and passenger cars 90,000. \x0d\ Waterway: There are 97 ports, and Melbourne is the largest port in China. In 20112, there were about 80 international seaborne ships, with an international seaborne cargo volume of 899 million tons and 3054 1 ship arriving in Hong Kong. \x0d\ air transport: as of June 20 15060, there were 65,438 registered aircraft, about 2,000 airports and runways, and about 250 frequent-flier airports, including two international airports 12. In 20 12, there were 57,800 international flights/kloc-0, carrying 29.62 million passengers, up 5% year-on-year, and 870,000 tons of freight, up 3.8% year-on-year. There were 63 1.2 million domestic flights and 56.55 million passenger trips, up 4 1% year-on-year. Australian aviation business is mainly dominated by Qantas, VirginAustralia and Jetstar Airlines. The top ten airports are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Gold Coast, Cairns, Canberra, Hobart and Darwin.