Yimeng is a magical land, a red fertile soil. Yimeng Langya area, since ancient times, has been full of talented people, and Zhong Ling is outstanding in beauty. To this end, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited Shandong, leaving a poem praising "the ancient city of southern Shandong is beautiful, and there are many famous people in Langya", which is full of praise for the history of talented people in Yimeng Langya area. History also proves that Yimeng Langya area is indeed full of talented people. From ancient times to the present, countless sages and wizards have been born in this magical fertile land of Zhong Ling, such as Zhuge Liang, a strategist, Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, who are known as "book saints" in calligraphy, Yan Zhitui, the author of Family Instructions for Yan, and an astronomer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Confucius seventy-two sages, Linyi thirteen; Famous for its twenty-four filial piety, Linyi has seven filial piety. They shine like stars, shining for thousands of years, folding.
Yishan-the first of the five famous towns in China [1] National Forest Park, a provincial-level scenic spot in Shandong, with a total area of 65 square kilometers. Yishan Scenic Area is located 230 kilometers east of Qingdao, close to Yanglin Road, the provincial highway. Tai 'an West140km, and the west exit is connected with Taixue Highway. South of Linyi City150km; It is 65km away from Qing Ji Expressway in the north, and the highway traffic is very convenient. Yishan, called "Haiyue" in ancient times, is known as "Mount Tai in the East", ranking first among the five famous towns in China. Known as "Mount Tai is the respect of five mountains, and Yishan is the head of five towns". Known as "the fairy mountain in central Shandong". Yishan is a famous cultural mountain with a long history. According to historical records, the Yellow Emperor once climbed Mount Yi. Shun Zhaozhou closed the mountain and decided Yishan as an important town. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty personally visited him and made etiquette officials worship him. The Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties printed many times, but the sacrificial ceremony was not abolished. Celebrities of past dynasties praised Yishan, and Yishan followed. Li Bai, Li Daoyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhongyan, Su Shi and Su Zhe, as well as Ma Su and Zhao, the top scholars in Ming Dynasty, and Liu Yong, a college student in Tirenge in Qing Dynasty, all came here to pay tribute to Range Rover, leaving a lot of famous sentences and inscriptions-Mengshan-a famous historical and cultural mountain in China.
Mengshan Mountain has been a famous historical and cultural mountain in China since ancient times. For more than 2000 years, it has been attracting the attention of scholars and emperors. A famous historical mountain-"Asia of generations" Mencius said: "Confucius climbed the East Mountain but was small, and climbed Mount Tai but was smaller than the world." -"Mencius Dedicated Articles" Mengshan is a famous historical mountain since ancient times and the second highest peak in Shandong Province. It is known as "Daizong Asia" and is known as "Dai Ya". Mengshan is now a national AAAA-level tourist attraction, ranking second among the "Top Ten Most Beautiful Places in Shandong". Mengshan, called Dongmeng and Dongshan in ancient times, is a branch of Taiyi Mountain System, which spans Mengyin, Feixian, Yinan and Pingyi counties in Linyi City. Mengshan Mountain ranges in northwest and southeast directions, stretching for more than 100 miles (about 75 kilometers), with a total area of 1 125 square kilometers. The elevation of Guimengding, the main peak, is1156m. It is located in Pingyi County and is the second highest peak in Shandong Province. It is known as "Asia of Daizong" and "Dai Ya". Mengshan has beautiful natural scenery, which combines the majesty of Mount Tai, the beauty of Huangshan, the preciseness of Huashan and the magic of Yandang Mountain. Mengshan has four distinct seasons and abundant rainfall. There are more than 1200 kinds of precious plants, many ancient, rare and special trees, and the forest coverage rate is as high as 95%. 1March, 1998, determined by the environmental assessment department of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the content of negative oxygen ions in the air of Mengyin Yunmeng Scenic Spot in Mengshan was 2.2 million /cm3, which was 176 times the highest value of Beijing Ecological Center. It is known as "natural oxygen bar" and "forest bathing place", which provides unique conditions for leisure and recuperation. Mengyin Mengshan National Forest Park was approved by the Forestry Department of the former National Tourism Administration in February 1994, listed as a "provincial scenic spot" by the Shandong Provincial People's Government in June, and awarded "Top Ten New Scenic Spots in Shandong Province" by the Provincial Tourism Administration in September 2002. Now it is a national AAAA-level tourist area. Second place in "Top Ten Most Beautiful Places in Shandong" In 2005, Mengshan was rated as the second place in "Top Ten Most Beautiful Places in Shandong" by China news media and senior experts, with a total area of 55,000 mu and rich natural resources. It has wild animals: 10 family, 15 species of mammals, 76 species of birds, 100 family and more than 900 species of plants. The forest vegetation coverage rate is over 95%, and it is known as "a hundred-mile forest, a natural classroom". 1999, the Ecological Research Center of China Academy of Sciences monitored again, and the negative ion content in the air of the scenic spot was 854 167 per cubic centimeter, which was 195 times that of Beijing, ranking first in China and the highest value ever measured by the center. Known as "natural oxygen bar" and "ultra-clean area", it has become "the best green fitness tourist resort in China". Mengshan Mountain has been a famous historical and cultural mountain in China since ancient times. During the Warring States Period, it was recorded in the Book of Songs Truffles of Mengshan that "turtles were selected, so they were barren"; The Analects of Confucius records that Wang, one of the three emperors and five emperors, once offered sacrifices to Mengshan. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Mengshan left the footprints of Confucius, Zhuang Zhou, Lao Laizi and Gui Guzi, representatives of Confucianism, Taoism and strategists. Confucius "climbed the East Mountain and went to Lu Xiao", leaving behind relics such as Huimaling, Paladin and Lu Xiao. Guiguzi was an apprentice in Mengshan, with more than 100 disciples, among whom Sun Bin and Pang Juan were famous. China's earliest regional geography book Gong Yu said: "Yu Meng is an artist." It is believed that crops were planted in Mengshan and Yushan areas as early as the Xia Dynasty. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, dozens of sites such as Dawenkou culture, Shandong Longshan culture and Yueshi culture have been discovered at the foot of Mengshan Mountain, which confirms this point. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Cheng was enshrined in the sun of Mengshan and worshipped, indicating that Mengshan was among the famous mountains in China at that time. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Lu Tai wrote in his poem "Tang Palace": "The rocks on Mount Tai are what Lu Bang expected. There are turtles in the election, so it is a waste of Dadong." He regards Mount Tai and Guimeng as the glory of Lu. Cai Yong, a historian of Mengshan in the Western Zhou and Han Dynasties, lived in seclusion in Mengshan. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qi was sealed and Lu was in the north and south of Mengshan Mountain. When these two great countries entered militarily and politically, China culture began to spread here. It is separated from and integrated with the local Dongyi culture, which makes the culture of Mengshan and its surrounding areas unprecedentedly prosperous, and this phenomenon has been continued and developed through successive dynasties. The stone tombs of the Han Dynasty found in Mengshan area are amazing in their architecture and carving techniques. Other stone spirits, such as the Western Han Dynasty Stone Monument, the Eastern Han Tomb, and Xu Ziding in the Spring and Autumn Period, some belong to national cultural relics protection units, and some belong to national first-class cultural relics, all of which are witnesses to the above phenomenon. During the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Confucius in Mengshan "climbed Dongshan (Mengshan, called Dongshan and Dongmeng in ancient times) and went to Lu Xiao" (Mencius). Many famous historical figures, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Xiao, Su Shi, Zhang, Wang Shizhen, Kangxi, Gan Long and Gong Nai, all left footprints in Mengshan. Li Bai and Du Fu traveled to Mengshan together, leaving behind some famous sentences, such as "Get drunk before sleeping in the autumn quilt, and walk hand in hand with Japan". When Su Shi visited Mengshan in the Northern Song Dynasty, he said, "Don't be surprised by the changes in the Bohai Sea, but look at the sea of clouds." Gong Nai, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a poem called "Meng Shan Fu". Emperor Kangxi dreamed of traveling in the mountains in winter, leaving a poem "Horseshoe breaks Qiongyao Road and Meng Shan Top". Emperor Qianlong visited Mengshan in the south, leaving a hymn that "the mountain god does not violate Yao's order, showing my poem in Yufeng"! 1. The grandeur and profundity of the literati's climbing Mount Mengshan was once yearned for by some famous thinkers and set foot in it. There are both Confucius and Guiguzi here. Since the Tang Dynasty, Mengshan has formed an indissoluble bond with the poet Mo Ke. On the historical road of Mengshan, Li Bai, Du Fu, Xiao, Su Shi, Zhang, Wang Shizhen and many others have left footprints. They enjoyed the scenery, visited Taoist temples and wrote many beautiful poems. Su Dongpo, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, boarded Mengshan Mountain and wrote a famous sentence, "The Bohai Sea is not shocked, let's see the turtle leaking from the spring." Li Bai, a great poet in Tang Dynasty, traveled to Mengshan with Du Fu. Du Fu wrote: "Yu Yidong is a guest, and he is like a brother. In the autumn, I fell asleep and walked hand in hand on the same day. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Mengshan left the footprints of Confucius, Zhuang Zhou, Lao Laizi and Gui Guzi, representatives of Confucianism, Taoism and strategists. Confucius "climbed the East Mountain and went to Lu Xiao", leaving behind relics such as Huimaling, Paladin and Lu Xiao. Guiguzi was an apprentice in Mengshan, with more than 100 disciples, among whom Sun Bin and Pang Juan were famous. Cai Yong, a historian of Han Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Mengshan. Second, the emperor will climb Mount Mengshan. During the southern tour of the Qing Emperor Shengzu and Emperor Gaozong, they stayed at the foot of Mengshan Mountain for many times, reading poems on the mountain, which made the cultural heritage of Mengshan more profound. Tang Xuanzong led his ministers to Mengshan. Emperor Kangxi wrote "Light Snow in Mengyin" for Mengshan. Emperor Kangxi visited Mengshan in winter. Because of the majestic Mengshan Mountain and the beautiful peaks, he visited Mengshan Mountain and left a poem "Horseshoe Crushes Qiongyao Road and cuts off the peak of Mengshan Mountain". Qianlong wrote poems such as "Looking at the Snow on Mengshan Mountain" for Mengshan, and left a hymn that "the mountain god does not violate the Yao order, showing that my poem is in Yufeng", which praised Mengshan to the utmost. In addition, there are all kinds of folk allusions, too numerous to mention. Qin bricks, Han tiles, ancient temples, stone tablets and other relics emerge one after another. Mengyin Mengshan National Forest Park belongs to the continental climate of warm temperate monsoon, with an annual average temperature of 12.8 degrees Celsius, a frost-free period of 196 days, an annual average precipitation of 998 mm, four distinct seasons, mild climate and abundant rainfall. There has always been a folk saying that "seventy-two flowers rain", which has formed a harmonious ecological virtuous circle. In the park, mountains, water and forests are closely related, and the organic integration of big and small, high and low, dynamic and static, living and inanimate makes every grass, tree and stone a perfect scenic spot. Male, strange, special, rare, handsome and simple, everything comes from nature and melts into nature. Ancient temples in deep mountains, small bridges and flowing water, trees that cover the sun, fragrant flower hooves, birds singing in the valley and the sound of waves make people return to nature and enjoy it. During the national and democratic liberation war, Mengshan was an important part of the revolutionary base area in Yimeng Mountain area. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Shandong Party, Government and Army Command and the Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division Command led Shandong soldiers and civilians to fight bravely here, and established and expanded various anti-Japanese base areas in Shandong. During the War of Liberation, the Central East China Bureau and the East China Field Army Headquarters organized the world-famous Meng Lianggu Campaign here. Nowadays, some places where major revolutionary historical events have taken place, famous battlefields and revolutionary martyrs' cemeteries have been well protected, and some have also built new memorial buildings. Among them, the Meng Lianggu Campaign Memorial Hall is a national key martyrs memorial building, and many other places are provincial key cultural relics protection units. Others have been designated as patriotic education bases for young people in Shandong Province. Buddhism and Taoism in Mengshan are very prosperous in the history of Mengshan. Monks and Taoists have a special liking for Mengshan Mountain, and regard it as a holy place to correct the fruit and maintain health and longevity. The main Taoist temples are Qingxu Guan, Wanshou Palace, Jiulong Palace, Guanyin Hall, Chengtiangong Palace and Cining Palace, and the temples with the highest incense are Mingguang Temple, Conch Temple and Yuntai Temple. As early as the Five Dynasties, He Kang, a foreign minister of the Ministry of Water Resources, became a monk in Mengshan. Su Dongpo in the Northern Song Dynasty had contacts with Qiao Tong, a disciple in his eighties, and took poetry as a gift. Wen Jia, the abbot of Yu Xu Temple in Mengshan in Song Dynasty, was summoned by Song Huizong in Bianjing in the first year of Xuanhe (119), and was given a decree and a son instrument. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Qingxu Guan in Mengshan belonged to Huashan School of Quanzhen Taoism, which was closely related to Taoism's "the best jungle in the world". It is these religious activities that have left many magnificent halls and heavy pavilions in Mengshan, and the mysterious atmosphere of yellow lights and bells ringing everywhere. The majestic Mengshan Mountain, with magnificent scenery, is a collection of many famous mountains. It is majestic, strange, dangerous, beautiful, green and quiet, and is known as "72 main peaks and 36 holes". Guimeng Scenic Area is famous for its east and west, ancient road wonders, Yuquan pillow flow, eagle peak wonders and sky wonders. Mengshan has four distinct seasons, each with its own merits. Spring comes to Mengshan, flowers are in full bloom and butterflies are flying; Sheng, cloud steaming, waterfall hanging; In the autumn season, the red leaves are drunk and fruitful; Mountaineering in the dead of winter, with beautiful trees and lovely branches, is a northern scenery. Whenever you climb Mount Meng, you will enjoy the leisure and broadmindedness of freshness, comfort and returning to nature. Mengshan has four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, fertile soil and dense vegetation. At present, there are more than 0/200 species of plants, many ancient, rare and special species, and the forest coverage rate is as high as 90%. 1March, 1998, the negative oxygen ion content in the air of Yunmeng Scenic Spot in Mengyin, Chinese Academy of Sciences was 2.2 million cubic meters, which is known as "natural oxygen bar" and "forest bathing place" and is a leisure bathing place. Mengshan is rich in natural resources and cultural connotation. Due to the development of social economy and the cultivation of advanced culture, celebrities such as Xunzi, Ceng Zi, Meng Tian, Zhu Geliang, Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing, Gong Nai and Zuo emerged in Mengshan area, making outstanding contributions to the social development of China in different fields.
In autumn and winter festivals, "ancient" will suddenly bring a desolate beauty of the desert to mankind. The beautiful "flowers and bones" on the mountain-ancient, fallen leaves, sunset and sharp corners on the mountain, give people the beauty of clouds everywhere. Summer is near, and after the thunderstorm, it's more like being in a dreamland, a paradise! Zhong Ling's Daigu landform is beautiful and natural, and the magical mountain shape has created countless wonderful landscapes, just like the magical pearls that God has given to mankind.
Daigu Landform-Located in Daigu Town, Mengyin County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, there are more than 30 "Gu" in the territory, which are second to none in China and very rare in the world. The main cause of "hump" is that the Cambrian limestone in Paleozoic experienced strong crustal cutting and uplift. The crustal cutting uplift movement area has experienced multiple dynamic actions such as erosion, dissolution, gravity collapse, weathering, etc., forming a steep slope with round appearance, flat top, cliffs around it, and a gradual change from steep to slow, mostly in the form of camels, hats, tables, cockscomb flowers, etc. This extremely rare landform type in the world is not recognized by most geography experts and scholars in the field of geology in the world. "Ancient" is mainly distributed in Mengyin, Yishui, Yiyuan and other mountainous areas in central and southern Shandong. There are hundreds of well-known, and there is a saying of "seventy-two cares for Yimeng", which has formed a beautiful "care" group in Yimeng, and the famous one is one of them.
Edit this section of cultural holy land, beautiful Yimeng.
Zhong Ling in Yimeng Mountain, with its beautiful scenery and numerous celebrities, is the representative and leader of Qi culture. As far as celebrity output is concerned, Yimeng region ranks first. Qi culture, represented by Yimeng land, and Lu culture, represented by Confucius and Mencius, echoed from afar, stirred and influenced each other, and * * * together constituted the two spiritual cores of Qilu culture. Count the sages-Liu Hong (Eastern Han Dynasty) and the wise-Zhuge Liang (Three Kingdoms)
Zhuge Liang was born in Kongming (A.D. 18 1-234), also known as Wolong (also known as Long Fu), Han nationality, Langya Yang Du (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), prime minister, and an outstanding politician, strategist, inventor and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Wuxiang Hou, and he was called Zhong Wuhou. Later, in order to admire Zhuge Liang's military talents, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing. The representative works include Front Model, Back Model and Book of Commandments. Invented wooden ox and flowing horse, Kongming lantern and so on. Chengdu has the Temple of Wuhou, and Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the famous book "Shuxiang". Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms: Zhuge Liang is also concerned about the country, comforting the people, showing etiquette, appointing people on their merits, obeying the power system, being sincere and fair; Although those who are loyal to the times will get revenge, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished by their relatives, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are concise, based on physics, with real responsibility for fame and fortune, hypocrisy and contempt; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. Historical evaluation: Liu Bei: "Lonely with Kong Ming, fish with water." I wish you would say nothing. ""As long as you are ten times as long as xelloss, you will be safe and finally achieve great things. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. " Si Mahui: "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know current events? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Wolong and Feng Chu. " Meng Huo: "Gong, Tianwei also, Nanren no longer rebelled." Jia Xu: "Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country. Ye Liu: "Zhuge Liang knows very well that the way to govern the country is mutual. "Xu Shu:" This person can be seen immediately, so don't get into trouble. The general should be in charge. " "Zhu Gekongming, Wolong is also" Sima Yi: "It's really a genius in the world, and Yang's Zan praised the Prime Minister Zhuge:" Being loyal to the martial arts and being brave, making suggestions on the riverside, boarding Wu, and endowing me with truth in the world. He was left behind by Ah Heng, who improved his martial arts prose, taught Chen Dejiao, changed his ways in charge, and was wise and foolish, and got carried away. In Youzhou, four generations of Yi Sui repeatedly came to the enemy's dynasty, showing their power and learning from a big country, and they hated it. " Longhe: "The situation is bright, Germany and Fan are far and near, and the reputation is all over the world." Sima Yan: "It's very kind of me to have this person to help me. How can I work today? " Fu Gan: "Zhuge Liang knows change, but he is right and has a plan, but he is right and observes it." Guo Chong: "Jincheng Guo Chong believes that if you are smart, you will be surpassed and your achievements will not be good. The confusion of the five civilizations is unknown to the world, and Bao and others cannot get it back. " Fufeng Wang is generous and aggressive. Liu Chan said to Zhuge Liang's imperial edict, "The crime of the street pavilion battle lies in Ma Su, and you led me to bring disgrace to oneself, which seriously violated your wishes and resigned. ".The year before last, Yao Shi smashed Xinmeile Joint-stock Company; At this age, Guo Huai fled; The surrender of Bian and Qiang, the revival of the two counties and the ferocity of Weizhen are obvious. Today, Fang was harassed, but Yuan Xie was not an owl. You have been entrusted with a great responsibility. You are doing the heavy work of the country, but you have lost yourself for a long time. That's why you beautify Hong Lie. Since he is the prime minister, he should not resign. "Liu Chan paid homage to Zhuge Liang's imperial edict:" Only you are endowed with the skills of civil and military affairs, and you are clear and sincere. I entrust you as an orphan, and you help me bow down. After that, you will be peaceful and chaotic; Therefore, the Sixth Division has been reorganized, and the town is barren, and it will make great contributions and participate in the great honor of Yizhou. Why don't you hang up? Things are going to be awkward. You're dying! I am heartbroken and heartbroken. Fu Chongde made meritorious deeds, and Ji was born in posthumous title, so he will shine brilliantly in the future and make an immortal publication. Today, the general army is specially ordered to present the seal of the Prime Minister, and you are named the loyal minister Wu Hou. The soul has a spirit, and Jiazi is glorious. Alas! Hey! " Emperor Kangxi: "Zhuge Liang Yun: Do your best until you die. Only Zhuge Liang can be such a minister. " Sun Qiao in the Tang Dynasty: "The marquis of Wu has been dead for almost 500 years. Up to now, the people of Liang and Han have a strong legacy, temples and worshippers are all there, and the heart of loving the people has been so long. " Changqu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty: "Governing the country is courtesy to the people, no complaints, no lynching, no tears." Wang Tong of the Sui Dynasty said, "Zhuge Liang will not die, and the rites and music will flourish." "Tang Cui Wen" recorded what Shangqi said in Preface to the Inscription of Wuhou Temple in Zhuge: "If official books and temples are eaten, they will become a code that will not be published. Every time there is a popular grass movement in Yamanouchi, it looks like a powerful god. In the old days, if there was a drought, people all over the country would pray for clouds and rain, which meant survival without anyone benefiting and sharing life and death. Death is immortal, but it is more expensive than life. " Lu Wen's Zhuge Wuhou Temple: "If you don't gather great glory, heaven will seize its soul. Sincerely unforgettable, the ice is in the sun and the moon, and the ferocity does not come away. It is a thunderstorm. " Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once praised Zhuge Liang's deeds and wrote several poems about Zhuge Liang, including Shuxiang (including two poems with the same name), Four Monuments of Yonghuai, Zhu Gekongming, Eight Arrays, A Journey to Cooper, Temple of Wuhou, Temple of Zhuge and Ge Ye. In Shuxiang, the third call increased his burden of handling state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats from then on, which became a famous sentence of Zhuge Liang's life. Other poets also wrote many poems praising Zhuge Liang, such as Reading Zhuge Wuhou's Book and Giving Chang 'an Uncle Cui Shaofu a Kunji; Zhuge Wuhou (two poems) by Wang Anshi, a statesman and writer in the Song Dynasty; Visiting Zhuge Wuhou's Desk by Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty; Visiting Zhuge Wuhou's Temple by Dou Chang in the Tang Dynasty; and Zhuge Wuhou's Temple by Zhang Xiaobiao in the Tang Dynasty. While affirming Zhuge Liang's intelligence, Mao Zedong, a great man, also tried to analyze the reasons why Zhuge Liang failed to unify China. In view of Zhuge Liang's general strategy of capturing Jingzhou, Cao Wei and Yizhou in Longzhong Dui, he commented: "It was a mistake to start from Longzhong Dui, thousands of miles away, and it was divided into two armies. In the end, Guan Yu, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang were invincible. " The previous sentence means that Zhuge Liang's strategy is inappropriate. Jingzhou and Yizhou are thousands of miles apart, and the practice of dividing the two places will inevitably make Shu Han lose its military advantage. The last sentence "three components" refers to Guan Yu guarding Jingzhou, Liu Bei attacking Wu Dong, and Zhuge Liang northern expedition to the Central Plains. The historical fact of "three components" eventually led to the loss of China's unified foundation. However, some people disagree with Mao Zedong's analysis. Longzhong hopes to support Jingzhou army's northern expedition with the whole Jingzhou, which is "beneficial to the South China Sea" and Yizhou implements the pincer strategy. However, Liu Bei failed to realize it later, and Guan Yu lost his advantage in the battle of Xiangfan because he lost Nanjun, not because of separatist forces. On the other hand, Mao Zedong once commented on historical events such as the Lost Street Pavilion and the Ma Su: "The first battle is bright and it is appropriate to go to the battlefield." It is believed that Zhuge Liang should have led the army forward at that time, and should not have scattered his troops and entrusted him with heavy responsibilities. This couplet hanging in Zhuge Liang Temple of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was written by Zhao Fan, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, and attracted the attention of Mao Zedong and others. Its content is: "If you can attack his heart, then bring disgrace to oneself will learn from the ancient times, and the soldiers will not be able to fight;" Don't judge the situation, temper leniency with severity, and you have to think deeply in the future. " Sun Yat-sen, the great revolutionary forerunner, praised Zhuge Liang in Three People's Principles and Democracy: "Zhuge Liang is very talented, so he can establish a good government in western Shu, and he can make a northern expedition from six places in Qishan and stand firm with Wu and Wei." Zhuge Liang Chuan: A Book Sage —— Wang Xizhi (Eastern Jin Dynasty)
First, the character's life:
Wang Xizhi, Shao Yi, was born in Linyi (now Shandong), Han nationality, and later moved to Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Jinting County, China, and was a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Worked as a secretary, general Ningyuan, Jiangzhou secretariat. Later, he was the secretariat of Huiji, who led the right general and was called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". His son, Wang Xianzhi, is also good at calligraphy, and the world is collectively known as the "two kings". . Since then, the Wangs' calligraphy talents have come forth in large numbers. He died in the Eastern Jin Dynasty for five years and was buried in Jinting Waterfall Mountain (also called Ziteng Mountain). The fifth house in Sun Heng is Jintingguan, and the site still exists. Dong Qichang wrote in "Essays on Painting Zen Rooms": "The Preface to the Lanting Pavilion of the Right Army is the first in ancient and modern times, and its characters are all reflected in the belt, small or large, all in the Dharma, so it is also a masterpiece." Later generations cherish the beauty of white cloth. Although the copyist inevitably infiltrated his brushwork, no one changed the composition and white cloth slightly. As Jie Jin said in "Miscellanies of Spring Rain": "The Syrian Pavilion of the Right Army has beautiful words and beautiful layout. The so-called increase is too long and the loss is too short. " The composition of Preface to Lanting Collection is like dancing with natural beauty, and its dancing beauty is unparalleled. Second, historical influence: Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced his descendants. His son is mysterious and good at cursive writing; Coagulation, as a grass official; Emblem, good cursive script; Fuck it, be good at writing; Huanzhi, good cursive script; Sacrifice is called "little sage". Huang's "On the East View and Xu Lun" says: "Wang Sizi's books, Ning, Cao, Hui and Huan, have all been handed down from generation to generation, each with its own body, but different body. Condense its rhyme, practice its body, emblem its potential, rejuvenate its appearance and offer its source. " Later, descendants continued, and one of Wang's calligraphy was handed down. Wu Zetian tried Wang Xizhi's book, and Wang Fangqing, the ninth great-grandson of Wang Xizhi, presented ten volumes of The Travels of Twenty-eight People to his great-grandfather and compiled Long Live the Tian Tong Post. After Wang Sengqian, Wang Ci and Zhiwang were kings in the Southern Dynasties, regular script was created. Shi Zhiyong, the seventh grandson of Xihe, was a famous calligrapher in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced bookstores from generation to generation. The establishment of Wang Xizhi's calligrapher status has its evolution process. Calligraphers in Taishigong period of Southern Song Dynasty said in the book list: "Han, Wei, Zhong (Yi) and Zhang (Zhi) were good at beauty, and the two kings were called English at the end of Jin Dynasty." The title of the Right Army was unparalleled at that time, and Wang Xianzhi was the highest-ranking person in calligraphy during the Song and Qi Dynasties. Concentrated on learning books from his father, he was very talented and sensitive to innovation. He transferred to Zhang Zhi and created a cursive script that runs from top to bottom. He even surpassed his father and became a saint, and he was called "two kings" with his father. Tao Hongjing in the Southern Dynasties said in On Books that "everyone in the world respects books" and that "the sea is nothing more than Mongolian Yuan and Yu Ye". What changed this situation was Liang Wudi Xiao Yan's admiration for Wang Xizhi. He changed the book degree from "Wang Xianzhi-Wang Xizhi-Zhong You" to "Zhong You-Wang Xizhi-Wang Xianzhi". In Twelve Essays on Zhong You's Calligraphy, Yanyun Jr. said, "I don't respect my son, but I don't care much about my leisure." "unsuccessful" or "not caught" is not as good as meaning. Xiao Yan's position makes his comments particularly attractive, so the public opinion is firm. In the history of learning climax, the first climax of learning Wang Xizhi was in Nanliang and the second climax was in Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong highly praised Wang Xizhi, not only widely collecting Wang Shu, but also personally writing praises for the biography of Wang Xizhi in the Book of Jin. When commenting on Zhong You, he said that he was "either full of goodness or suspicious", while at the time of offering, he belittled his "calligraphy disease". As for other calligraphers, such as Ziyun, Wang Meng and Yan Xu, he said that he was "over praised". Comparatively speaking, Emperor Taizong thought that the right army was "perfect" and "eager to pursue, this man is just the rest. What can I say?" Since then, Wang Xizhi's supreme position in the history of calligraphy has been established and consolidated. Literati in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all stayed away from the "two kings" of Jin Zong. Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Xue Qi, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi in the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Midi and Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty and Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty all converted to Wang Xizhi. Although the study of steles broke the scope of calligraphy research in Qing Dynasty, Wang Xizhi's position as a calligrapher remained unshakable. Although the "Book Sage" and "Ink Emperor" are suspected of being "sanctified", the famous scholars and masters from generation to generation are convinced and admired through comparison and speculation. In the history of China's calligraphy, although Wang Xizhi is known as the "sage of calligraphy", he is not regarded as a solidified icon, but only a perfect symbol of the creation of calligraphy in China culture. Things are always developing and progressing. Wang Xizhi reached the pinnacle of perfection in his time, and this "icon" will surely summon the later generations to climb the new height of calligraphy in their respective times.
Wang Dao (Eastern Jin Dynasty)
The word Maohong, Han nationality, is from Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong). He was a minister in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was one of the founders of the Eastern Jin regime, and was known as "the king and the horse * * * the world" in history. Wang Dao, the founding prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, experienced three dynasties and was a famous politician. His brilliant achievements in establishing the Eastern Jin Dynasty and governing the south of the Yangtze River were worse than Zhuge Liang's praise of governing Shu. However, due to various reasons, Wang Dao's position in the history of China has not been properly affirmed. Throughout the history of our country, since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the economic and cultural center of gravity has gradually moved south. There are many reasons for this situation, but it is also related to Wang Dao's success in governing Jin State and developing Jiangnan. Wang Dao lived in the most chaotic era in the history of China, with the "Five Chaos in China", Xiongnu, Xianbei and other ethnic minorities occupying the Central Plains one after another. They attacked each other, there was no peace everywhere, they were hungry and cold, and the people were in hot water. A large number of Central Plains residents moved south. Under such circumstances, Wang Dao assisted the mediocre Jin and Yuan emperors to establish the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to resist the alien invasion in the north and protect the south of the Yangtze River from war. It was Wang Dao who urged the people of Wu to unite, unify the military and political affairs, and introduce the northern civil and military talents, so that the talents in the south of the Yangtze River were abundant and the country was well governed. It was Wang Dao who settled the millions of refugees fleeing from the south in the form of establishing manors, reclaiming land and developing handicraft workshops that gradually prospered the economy in the south of the Yangtze River. It was Wang Dao who didn't remember honor and disgrace, didn't fear slander, and assisted three generations of emperors to quell civil strife, which made the situation in Jiangnan stable and the people's lives stable. Imagine if there were no Wang Dao, Jiangnan would be ravaged by the northern aliens. In that case, the prosperity of Jiangnan will be delayed for hundreds of years, even hundreds of years. Therefore, it is necessary for Wang Dao to harness gold and develop Jiangnan.
Meng Tian (Qin Dynasty), the pillar of Daqin.
Meng Tian (? -2 10 years ago): Ji is from Montessori. Han nationality, ancestral home of Qi Langya, is now a native of Mengyin, Shandong. A famous soldier in Qin Shihuang's period was known as "the first warrior in China". Legend has it that he improved the writing brush, was the earliest developer in the northwest of China, and was also the first person to develop Ningxia in ancient times. In 2 15 BC, Qin Shihuang took Meng Tian as the commander in chief and led 300,000 Qin Jun to attack Xiongnu in the north. On the banks of the Yellow River, Qin Jun and tarquin, mainly infantry, waged a life-and-death war. Meng Tian's army defeated the Xiongnu army in the upper reaches of the Yellow River (now Ningxia, Hetao, Inner Mongolia), forcing the Xiongnu to escape and leave the desert 700 miles north. Jia Yi in the Han Dynasty commented on the Xiongnu State at that time and said, "I dare not go south to herd horses." Meng Tian dealt a heavy blow to the fierce Xiongnu only in World War I, which led to its flight and wolves scurrying around. The Huns dared not enter the Han Dynasty for decades, and Meng Tian's work was supreme. Meng Tian served as a heavy conductor in Shang Jun (now Yulin City, Shaanxi Province). In order to strengthen the defense line in Hetao area, he built pavilions and pavilions in the north of the Yellow River in Hetao (now Wulashan, Inner Mongolia) as outposts of the Yellow River defense line. After entering this campaign, it brought a stable social environment for more than ten years to the north and created conditions for the development of Hetao area. Meng Tian fought bravely and defeated Xiongnu by surprise, which was the greatest achievement in his life. People praised him as "the first warrior in China". Sima Qian lamented in Historical Records: "General Qin of the Mongols is loyal to the internal history. The Great Wall of Wan Li was built first, and Wan Li was in Anbian. " "At the beginning of the qin dynasty, governors, the heart of the world. Although the injured have not recovered, Tian is already famous and not strong at this time.