Aerobics is a new type of sports that integrates music, dance, gymnastics and aesthetics. With its intrinsic value and charm, it is popular all over the world and deeply loved by young students and the masses. At present, aerobics has been included in the syllabus of school physical education in China and has become one of the main courses of school physical education.

This chapter will focus on the origin, development and concept of aerobics, as well as the classification, characteristics and exercise value of aerobics. In addition, the fourth section is specially set up to briefly introduce some popular aerobics at home and abroad. I hope that through the study of this chapter, you can have a basic understanding of aerobics.

The emphases and difficulties of this chapter.

Key points: the concept, classification, characteristics and poor soil of aerobics?

Difficulties: Can tell the similarities and differences between fitness aerobics and competitive aerobics.

Section 1 Origin, Development and Concept of Aerobics

First, the origin and development of aerobics

(A) the origin and development of international aerobics

The origin of aerobics can be traced back to more than two thousand years ago. The ancient Greeks' worship of human beauty is world-famous. They like to exercise their beauty by running, jumping, throwing, aerobics, bodybuilding dance and other sports. Yoga has existed in ancient India for a long time, and some of its postures are consistent with the basic postures commonly used in popular aerobics at present. It can be seen that the ancient people's pursuit of fitness is the basis for the formation and development of modern aerobics.

1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, many gymnastics schools appeared in Europe, and their innovations in theory and practice contributed to the development of aerobics. In the early 1980s, with the development of fitness fever and leisure sports worldwide, aerobics became popular all over the world with its strong vitality. The United States is a country that has an important influence on the development of aerobics in the world. Fonda wrote Jane according to her own fitness experience and experience. Fang Dajian Art ". Since the publication of 198 1, this book has caused a sensation all over the world. Her appearance has promoted the popularization of aerobics in the world. At the same time, from 1985, the United States officially held the annual aerobics championship, and determined the competition items and rules, making aerobics develop into a competitive sport.

Aerobics has developed rapidly not only in the United States, Britain, France and other countries, but also in some developing countries and regions. The former Soviet Union has already included aerobics in the physical education syllabus of universities, middle schools and primary schools. In Asia, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore and other countries have also built many aerobics activity centers and fitness clubs, and people have begun to take aerobics as the main fitness method, thus forming a worldwide "aerobics fever."

(B) the rise and development of aerobics in China.

The worldwide aerobics craze spread to China in the late 1970s. At that time, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places held various aerobics training classes one after another. Subsequently, through the introduction of various foreign aerobics by various news media, it gradually promoted the extensive development of aerobics in China.

1984 The former Beijing Institute of Physical Education set up an aerobics research group, and later the Shanghai Institute of Physical Education set up an aerobics teaching and research section, taking the lead in offering aerobics courses. According to the requirements of the State Education Commission for physical education in colleges and universities, some colleges and universities have gradually set up aerobics courses or elective courses. As a result, aerobics in China was introduced into schools from society.

From 1986 to 1988, fitness aerobics and competitive aerobics have made great progress in China. Following 1986, the first national women's aerobics invitational tournament was held in Guangzhou in April, and the first formal competitive aerobics competition-"Great Wall Cup" aerobics invitational tournament was successfully held in Beijing in May. 1987. In order to promote the development of national college students' aerobics in an organized and planned way, China College Students' Sports Association Aerobics and Rhythmic Gymnastics Association was established in February, 1992. 1September, 1992, China Aerobics Association was formally established in Beijing, which marked that China's aerobics has entered a new stage of development.

Second, the concept of aerobics

Aerobics is a kind of sports based on aerobic exercise, characterized by health, strength and beauty, which integrates group exercise, dance and music. It is not only a mass fitness way to strengthen the body and cultivate sentiment, but also a competitive sports project.

Section 2 Classification and Characteristics of Aerobics

First, the classification of aerobics

At present, there are many kinds of aerobics in the world and China, and their classification methods are also different. Therefore, according to the purpose and task of aerobics, it can be divided into three categories: fitness aerobics, competitive aerobics and performance aerobics. (See table 1- 1 aerobics classification table)

aerobics

Aerobics, also known as mass aerobics, is a mass fitness exercise that integrates fitness, entertainment and disease prevention. The main purpose of aerobics is to keep healthy. Therefore, its exercise intensity and difficulty are relatively low, and people of different ages, levels, sexes and occupations in society can choose. According to different needs, aerobics can be further classified and named from different angles.

1. According to the age structure, it can be divided into old-age aerobics, middle-aged aerobics, adolescent aerobics, juvenile aerobics, children aerobics,

Infant aerobics, etc.

2. According to the anatomical structure of human body, the active parts can be divided into head and neck aerobics, shoulder aerobics, chest aerobics, arm aerobics,

Abdominal aerobics, hip aerobics, leg aerobics, etc.

3. According to the purpose and task of practice, it can be divided into warm-up aerobics, body aerobics, body aerobics, weight-loss aerobics,

Rhythm aerobics, vitality aerobics, running aerobics, etc.

4. According to the practice form, it can be divided into unarmed aerobics and light equipment aerobics (dumbbells, colored balls, garlands, ropes, tambourines, etc. ),

Special equipment aerobics (mat aerobics, pedal aerobics, riding machine aerobics, etc.). )

5. According to the number of people, it can be divided into single, double, three, six, eight and group aerobics.

6. According to gender, it can be divided into women's aerobics and men's aerobics.

7. Can it be simplified by name and action characteristics? Fangda aerobics, yoga aerobics, disco aerobics,

Fighting aerobics, Latin aerobics, jazz aerobics, etc.

(B) competitive aerobics

Competitive aerobics is a set of highly artistic aerobics compiled according to the requirements of competition rules and regulations, and its main purpose is to achieve excellent results in the competition. Competitive aerobics is only a competition of self-created movements, with specific competition rules and scoring methods. It needs to complete some difficult movements, and it has higher requirements for people's cardiopulmonary function, physical fitness, technical skills and artistic expression ability. Generally more suitable for young people. There are five events in competitive aerobics competition: men's singles, women's singles, mixed doubles, mixed threes and mixed sixes.

(3) Performing aerobics

Performance aerobics mainly shows its value and charm in performance; Cultivate sentiment, purify the soul and promote the extensive development of aerobics activities in viewing; A sports program that is ornamental and entertaining for the purpose of meeting people's needs to expand and express themselves in specific activities, occasions or festivals. Generally speaking, fitness aerobics is very common in performance, and competitive aerobics can be used irregularly.

Second, the characteristics of aerobics

(A) set bodybuilding and fitness in one

Aerobics is based on fitness, according to human anatomy, sports physiology, sports aesthetics and other disciplines, in order to make human health and healthy development. Aerobics pays attention to bodybuilding and generosity, emphasizing strength and flexibility, focusing on pertinence and effectiveness. It can not only fully exercise the joints, ligaments and muscles of all parts of the body, so as to make the human body develop in harmony, but also enhance physical fitness, cultivate a bodybuilding figure and demeanor, and shape a bodybuilding self. Therefore, calisthenics is a kind of human movement that not only pays attention to the exercise of external beauty, but also emphasizes the cultivation of internal beauty, which has a comprehensive impact on people's body and mind. (B) a clear sense of rhythm and rhythm

Aerobics is a sport that must be accompanied by music, and music is the soul of aerobics. Compared with rhythmic gymnastics, aerobics emphasizes the strength of movements. Therefore, the music rhythm of aerobics tends to be lively and powerful, and the style tends to be warm and unrestrained. Aerobics music is based on disco, jazz, rock music and other modern and folk music with the above characteristics. It is the rhythm changes in music, such as height, length, strength and speed, that make aerobics more distinctive in modern rhythm. In addition, clear, lively and exciting music can not only stimulate the spirit of practitioners, but also make people feel eager to try, and also make people forget fatigue and have a relaxed and happy mood during practice.

(c) Variability and coordination of actions

The variability of aerobics movements is not only manifested in the rhythm and intensity of movements, but also in the complexity of movements. Each movement is rarely a local movement of a single joint, but mostly a synchronous movement of multiple joints. For example, when completing large-scale upper limb movements, it is often accompanied by waist, knee, hip, ankle and head movements. This can not only multiply the number of activities of various joints of the body, but also effectively improve and improve people's physical coordination.

(4) extensive mass.

Aerobics is an interesting sport, which can bring people passionate emotional experience and meet the needs of modern people for bodybuilding and self-entertainment, so it is deeply loved by the masses. At the same time, due to the various forms of aerobics, especially fitness aerobics, the exercise load and difficulty can be self-adjusted, and practitioners of different ages, sexes, constitutions, qualities, personalities and temperaments can take part as appropriate. All kinds of people can find their own practice methods from aerobics practice, strengthen their physique through training, make up for their own shortcomings, and have fun from it. So aerobics is a sport that men, women and children like. In addition, because aerobics is not affected by climate, it has low requirements for venues and equipment, and it is simple and safe to practice, which is suitable for units in different regions and conditions.